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1933 Dublin riot
The 1933 Dublin riot, also known as the siege of Connolly House, was a multi-night anti-communist riot that occurred in Dublin, Ireland between 27 and 30 March 1933. The riot took place during a time of heavy political unrest in Ireland, occurring after the tense 1932 and 1933 Irish general elections. The riot was also spurred on by anti-communist rhetoric preached by clerics in the Catholic Church in Ireland. The primary target of the riot was Connolly House on Great Strand Street near Bachelors Walk, which served as the headquarters of the Revolutionary Workers' Groups (RWG), a communist political party. A crowd reportedly as large as 6,000 people gathered outside the building and attempted to gain access. They eventually succeeded, several buildings were set alight during the riot, and reportedly over 20 people were injured. Other locations in Dublin associated with left-wing politics were also attacked over four nights. The riot has been described as the most intense political violence the Irish Free State had experienced to that point since the Irish Civil War of the early 1920s.
Following the 1932 general election, the Irish Free State experienced its first-ever peaceful transition of power between two opposing political parties, when Fianna Fáil defeated the sitting Cumann na nGaedhael. Broadly, Cumann na nGaedhael represented those who had fought on the Pro-Treaty side of the Irish civil war, while Fianna Fáil represented those who opposed it. The division between the two sides was stark and bitter. Although Cumann na nGaedhael respected the result of the 1932 election and willingly stood aside, the party soon thereafter began heavily mingling with the Army Comrades Association (better known as "the Blueshirts"), a far-right paramilitary organisation. In parallel, although not officially aligned, Fianna Fáil was heavily associated with the Irish Republican Army paramilitary organisation. Through these paramilitary organisations, both sides engaged in low levels of political violence across Ireland, with political meetings being frequent targets.
The existence of the Revolutionary Workers' Groups (RWG) was a source of political tension itself: the RWG was banned by the Cosgrave government in 1931, under the Coercion Act, along with 11 other organisations. The ban was lifted by the de Valera government following the victory of Fianna Fáil at the 1932 general election.
In October 1931, the Catholic Church in Ireland issued a pastoral letter condemning the Irish Republican Army, Saor Éire, and other left-wing groups which they accused of being communist and atheist in nature. The letter stated that Saor Éire was a "frankly communistic organisation trying to impose upon the Catholic soil of Ireland the same materialistic regime, with its fanatic hatred of God, as now dominates Russia and threatens to dominate Spain". Another section of the letter stated: "You cannot be a Catholic and a Communist. One stands for Christ, the other for Anti-Christ".
In 1932, Dublin hosted the 1932 Eucharistic Congress. The event was of major significance to the emerging Irish state and was an outward show of the power of the Catholic Church in Ireland. Historians have suggested the Eucharistic Congress emboldened the clergy to use their influence over secular society in Ireland.
In 1933, the Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin Matthew Cullen issued another pastoral letter which condemned left-wing groups in Ireland, in which he stated:
Be prepared to fight…There is no reason why anyone who undertakes to propagate Communism should be allowed do so
On Saint Patrick's Day, 17 March 1933, Cardinal Joseph MacRory, Primate of Ireland, issued a sermon condemning communism and called for a united front "to oppose those enemies of God who pose as friends of men".
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1933 Dublin riot
The 1933 Dublin riot, also known as the siege of Connolly House, was a multi-night anti-communist riot that occurred in Dublin, Ireland between 27 and 30 March 1933. The riot took place during a time of heavy political unrest in Ireland, occurring after the tense 1932 and 1933 Irish general elections. The riot was also spurred on by anti-communist rhetoric preached by clerics in the Catholic Church in Ireland. The primary target of the riot was Connolly House on Great Strand Street near Bachelors Walk, which served as the headquarters of the Revolutionary Workers' Groups (RWG), a communist political party. A crowd reportedly as large as 6,000 people gathered outside the building and attempted to gain access. They eventually succeeded, several buildings were set alight during the riot, and reportedly over 20 people were injured. Other locations in Dublin associated with left-wing politics were also attacked over four nights. The riot has been described as the most intense political violence the Irish Free State had experienced to that point since the Irish Civil War of the early 1920s.
Following the 1932 general election, the Irish Free State experienced its first-ever peaceful transition of power between two opposing political parties, when Fianna Fáil defeated the sitting Cumann na nGaedhael. Broadly, Cumann na nGaedhael represented those who had fought on the Pro-Treaty side of the Irish civil war, while Fianna Fáil represented those who opposed it. The division between the two sides was stark and bitter. Although Cumann na nGaedhael respected the result of the 1932 election and willingly stood aside, the party soon thereafter began heavily mingling with the Army Comrades Association (better known as "the Blueshirts"), a far-right paramilitary organisation. In parallel, although not officially aligned, Fianna Fáil was heavily associated with the Irish Republican Army paramilitary organisation. Through these paramilitary organisations, both sides engaged in low levels of political violence across Ireland, with political meetings being frequent targets.
The existence of the Revolutionary Workers' Groups (RWG) was a source of political tension itself: the RWG was banned by the Cosgrave government in 1931, under the Coercion Act, along with 11 other organisations. The ban was lifted by the de Valera government following the victory of Fianna Fáil at the 1932 general election.
In October 1931, the Catholic Church in Ireland issued a pastoral letter condemning the Irish Republican Army, Saor Éire, and other left-wing groups which they accused of being communist and atheist in nature. The letter stated that Saor Éire was a "frankly communistic organisation trying to impose upon the Catholic soil of Ireland the same materialistic regime, with its fanatic hatred of God, as now dominates Russia and threatens to dominate Spain". Another section of the letter stated: "You cannot be a Catholic and a Communist. One stands for Christ, the other for Anti-Christ".
In 1932, Dublin hosted the 1932 Eucharistic Congress. The event was of major significance to the emerging Irish state and was an outward show of the power of the Catholic Church in Ireland. Historians have suggested the Eucharistic Congress emboldened the clergy to use their influence over secular society in Ireland.
In 1933, the Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin Matthew Cullen issued another pastoral letter which condemned left-wing groups in Ireland, in which he stated:
Be prepared to fight…There is no reason why anyone who undertakes to propagate Communism should be allowed do so
On Saint Patrick's Day, 17 March 1933, Cardinal Joseph MacRory, Primate of Ireland, issued a sermon condemning communism and called for a united front "to oppose those enemies of God who pose as friends of men".