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Annaghdown
Annaghdown (from Irish Eanach Dhúin, meaning 'the marsh of the fort', pronounced [ˌanˠəx ˈɣuːnʲ]) is a civil parish in County Galway, Ireland. It lies around Annaghdown Bay, an inlet of Lough Corrib. Villages in the civil parish include Corrandulla, Cloonboo, and Annaghdown, a census settlement in the east of the parish, with Corrandrum National School located at its eastern end. The townland of Annaghdown is located at the western end of the parish.
Annaghdown is also an ecclesiastical parish in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tuam and the Church of Ireland Diocese of Tuam, Limerick and Killaloe.
According to the Early Ecclesiastical Settlement Names of County Galway (1996):
"The name Eanach Dhúin signifies the 'marsh of the Dún or fort.' The word Dún is one of the most common elements denoting secular settlement in early placenames. It usually refers to an enclosed settlement or ringfort and in the early historical period it appears to designate the principal dwelling of the local king or chieftain. The placename ... probably referred to the marshlands attached to the fort of the chieftain of Maigh Seola, which would have been granted as a site for a church."
Little is known of the early history of Annaghdown, which does not appear in the annals until the twelfth century. Two historical sources state it was granted to St. Brendan of Clonfert by King Áed mac Echach of Connacht. Francis Byrne believed that as Áed's territory of Uí Bhriúin Aoi lay in County Roscommon, it was not within his power to grant the land of another chieftain so distant from him. However, as noted by Hubert Knox, the dynasty may have actually originated in this region, which would explain this donation.
The earliest reliable reference to Annaghdown occurs in Comainmniguid Noem nErenn, composed c. 800, which contains a reference to Ciarán Enaigh Dúin, (Ciarán of Annaghdown). This, together with placename evidence indicates an association with Ciarán of Clonmacnoise as opposed to Brendan of Clonfert. The connection with Clonfert may have been no more than a reflection of an attempt by Clonfert to justify its claim on the church of Annaghdown at a later period.
During the twelfth century the monastery of St Mary for Augustinian canons was built c. 1140. Following this the new diocese of Annaghdown was established by the Ó Flaithbheartaigh kingdom of Iar Connacht about 1179 from the lands of their kingdom and separated from the Diocese of Tuam, controlled by their rival Ó Conchubhair dynasty. The Archbishop of Tuam at the turn of the fourteenth-century, William de Bermingham, claimed Ruadhri Ua Flaithbertaigh placed his chaplain, named "Coneghor" (Conchobhar?), in the position of bishop, but he later resigned the position. A bishop's palace and cathedral were built in the late twelfth century. Although not listed in the earlier Synods of Rathbreasail or Kells, Annaghdown diocese survived nonetheless for many centuries through monastic outreach from Annaghdown Abbey. The ecclesiastical settlement attracted two Continental monastic orders in the early thirteenth century, the Arrouaisians and Premonstratensians who also built religious houses.
The title Bishop of Annaghdown is known to have been in use from c. 1189 when Conn O Mellaigh was one of three Irish bishops to attend the coronation of King Richard I at Westminster. The Ó Meallaig family were the traditional hereditary churchmen of Annaghdown. Several bishops, from 1189 to 1485, were systematically elected by its 'Cathedral Chapter' and, despite many counterclaims from Tuam, some were approved by Rome. Between 1253 and 1306, the bishopric was united to the archbishopric of Tuam, although in this period there were two bishops. In 1255 the Justicar of Ireland, John FitzGeoffrey and his successor Richard de la Rochelle, who held extensive Connacht land grants, gave recognition to the diocese of Annaghdown over protests from the Archbishop of Tuam and his suffragans, who appealed to Rome.
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Annaghdown
Annaghdown (from Irish Eanach Dhúin, meaning 'the marsh of the fort', pronounced [ˌanˠəx ˈɣuːnʲ]) is a civil parish in County Galway, Ireland. It lies around Annaghdown Bay, an inlet of Lough Corrib. Villages in the civil parish include Corrandulla, Cloonboo, and Annaghdown, a census settlement in the east of the parish, with Corrandrum National School located at its eastern end. The townland of Annaghdown is located at the western end of the parish.
Annaghdown is also an ecclesiastical parish in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tuam and the Church of Ireland Diocese of Tuam, Limerick and Killaloe.
According to the Early Ecclesiastical Settlement Names of County Galway (1996):
"The name Eanach Dhúin signifies the 'marsh of the Dún or fort.' The word Dún is one of the most common elements denoting secular settlement in early placenames. It usually refers to an enclosed settlement or ringfort and in the early historical period it appears to designate the principal dwelling of the local king or chieftain. The placename ... probably referred to the marshlands attached to the fort of the chieftain of Maigh Seola, which would have been granted as a site for a church."
Little is known of the early history of Annaghdown, which does not appear in the annals until the twelfth century. Two historical sources state it was granted to St. Brendan of Clonfert by King Áed mac Echach of Connacht. Francis Byrne believed that as Áed's territory of Uí Bhriúin Aoi lay in County Roscommon, it was not within his power to grant the land of another chieftain so distant from him. However, as noted by Hubert Knox, the dynasty may have actually originated in this region, which would explain this donation.
The earliest reliable reference to Annaghdown occurs in Comainmniguid Noem nErenn, composed c. 800, which contains a reference to Ciarán Enaigh Dúin, (Ciarán of Annaghdown). This, together with placename evidence indicates an association with Ciarán of Clonmacnoise as opposed to Brendan of Clonfert. The connection with Clonfert may have been no more than a reflection of an attempt by Clonfert to justify its claim on the church of Annaghdown at a later period.
During the twelfth century the monastery of St Mary for Augustinian canons was built c. 1140. Following this the new diocese of Annaghdown was established by the Ó Flaithbheartaigh kingdom of Iar Connacht about 1179 from the lands of their kingdom and separated from the Diocese of Tuam, controlled by their rival Ó Conchubhair dynasty. The Archbishop of Tuam at the turn of the fourteenth-century, William de Bermingham, claimed Ruadhri Ua Flaithbertaigh placed his chaplain, named "Coneghor" (Conchobhar?), in the position of bishop, but he later resigned the position. A bishop's palace and cathedral were built in the late twelfth century. Although not listed in the earlier Synods of Rathbreasail or Kells, Annaghdown diocese survived nonetheless for many centuries through monastic outreach from Annaghdown Abbey. The ecclesiastical settlement attracted two Continental monastic orders in the early thirteenth century, the Arrouaisians and Premonstratensians who also built religious houses.
The title Bishop of Annaghdown is known to have been in use from c. 1189 when Conn O Mellaigh was one of three Irish bishops to attend the coronation of King Richard I at Westminster. The Ó Meallaig family were the traditional hereditary churchmen of Annaghdown. Several bishops, from 1189 to 1485, were systematically elected by its 'Cathedral Chapter' and, despite many counterclaims from Tuam, some were approved by Rome. Between 1253 and 1306, the bishopric was united to the archbishopric of Tuam, although in this period there were two bishops. In 1255 the Justicar of Ireland, John FitzGeoffrey and his successor Richard de la Rochelle, who held extensive Connacht land grants, gave recognition to the diocese of Annaghdown over protests from the Archbishop of Tuam and his suffragans, who appealed to Rome.