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Buckminster Fuller
Fuller in 1972
Born	Richard Buckminster Fuller (1895-07-12)July 12, 1895 Milton, Massachusetts, U.S.
Died	July 1, 1983(1983-07-01) (aged 87) Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Education	Harvard University (expelled)
Occupations	\n Designer \n author \n inventor \n
Spouse	\n Anne Hewlett (m. 1917)
Children	2, including Allegra Fuller Snyder
Awards	Presidential Medal of Freedom (1983)

Buildings	Geodesic dome (1940s)
Projects	Dymaxion house (1928)
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Philosophy career
Notable work	\n Dymaxion Chronofile (1920\u20131983) \n Nine Chains to the Moon (1938) \n Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth (1968) \n Critical Path (1981) \n
Family	\n Timothy Fuller (great-grandfather) \n Arthur Buckminster Fuller (grandfather) \n Margaret Fuller (grandaunt) \n James Monroe Hewlett (father-in-law) \n

Era	20th-century philosophy
Region	\n Western philosophy\n American philosophy \n
Main interests	\n Systems theory \n
Notable ideas	\n Cloud Nine (sphere) \n Current solar income \n Design science \n Energy slave \n Ephemeralization \n \n Dymaxion\n car \n house \n map \n \n Geoscope \n Space frame \n Spaceship earth \n Synergetics \n Tensegrity \n
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Richard Buckminster Fuller (/\u02c8f\u028al\u0259r/; July 12, 1895 \u2013 July 1, 1983)^[1] was an American architect, systems theorist, writer, designer, inventor, philosopher, and futurist. He styled his name as R. Buckminster Fuller in his writings, publishing more than 30 books and coining or popularizing such terms as \"Spaceship Earth\", \"Dymaxion\" (e.g., Dymaxion house, Dymaxion car, Dymaxion map), \"ephemeralization\", \"synergetics\", and \"tensegrity\".\n

Fuller developed numerous inventions, mainly architectural designs, and popularized the widely known geodesic dome; carbon molecules known as fullerenes were later named by scientists for their structural and mathematical resemblance to geodesic spheres. He also served as the second World President of Mensa International from 1974 to 1983.^[2]^[3]\n

Fuller was awarded 28 United States patents^[4] and many honorary doctorates. In 1960, he was awarded the Frank P. Brown Medal from The Franklin Institute. He was elected an honorary member of Phi Beta Kappa in 1967, on the occasion of the 50-year reunion of his Harvard class of 1917 (from which he had been expelled in his first year).^[5]^[6] He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1968.^[7] The same year, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member. He became a full Academician in 1970, and he received the Gold Medal award from the American Institute of Architects the same year. Also in 1970, Fuller received the title of Master Architect from Alpha Rho Chi (APX), the national fraternity for architecture and the allied arts.^[8]\nIn 1976, he received the St. Louis Literary Award from the Saint Louis University Library Associates.^[9]^[10] In 1977, he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.^[11] He also received numerous other awards, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom, presented to him on February 23, 1983, by President Ronald Reagan.^[12]\n

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v t e Buckminster Fuller
Books	\n Nine Chains to the Moon (1938) \n Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth (1968) \n Critical Path (1981) \n Dymaxion Chronofile \n
Other	\n Dymaxion house (1928) \n Dymaxion car (1933) \n Dymaxion deployment unit (1940) \n Dymaxion map (1946) \n Tensegrity (1949) \n Geodesic dome (1953) \n World Game (1961) \n Octet truss (1961) \n Fly's Eye Dome (1965) \n Expo 67 United States Pavilion (1967) \n
Related	\n Allegra Fuller Snyder (daughter) \n Current solar income \n Synergetics\n Design science revolution \n Design science \n Cloud Nine tensegrity sphere \n Geoscope \n Dymaxion \n Proposed Brooklyn Dodgers stadium \n Gold Dome \n Old Man River's City project \n R. Buckminster Fuller and Anne Hewlett Dome Home \n Ephemeralization \n Fullerene\n Buckminsterfullerene \n Buckminster Fuller Challenge \n Buckminster Fuller: Thinking Out Loud (1996 documentary) \n The Last Dymaxion: Buckminster Fuller\u2019s Dream Restored (2012 documentary) \n Karlis Johansons \n Kenneth Snelson \n
\n Category \n Commons \n

v t e Critique of work
Historical persons	\n Abbie Hoffman \n Edward Bellamy \n Alfredo M. Bonanno \n Andr\u00e9 Gorz \n Bob Black \n G\u00fcnther Anders \n Guy Debord \n Heinrich B\u00f6ll \n Ivan Illich \n Mikhail Bakunin \n Paul Lafargue \n Walter Benjamin \n Antonio Negri \n Bertrand Russell \n Friedrich Nietzsche \n Henry David Thoreau \n Herbert Marcuse \n Jerry Rubin \n Josef Pieper \n Karl Marx \n Max Stirner \n Max Weber \n Pierre-Joseph Proudhon \n Raoul Vaneigem \n Renzo Novatore \n Zo d'Axa \n
Contemporary persons	\n Franco Berardi \n L. Susan Brown \n Madeleine Bunting \n David Graeber \n Michael Hardt \n Maurizio Lazzarato \n Claus Peter Ortlieb \n Roland Paulsen \n Jeremy Rifkin \n Penelope Rosemont \n Mark Slouka \n Nick Srnicek \n Claire Wolfe \n John Zerzan \n
Terminology and related topics	\n 996 working hour system \n Absenteeism \n Abusive supervision \n Aktion Arbeitsscheu Reich \n All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy \n Autonomism \n Bare minimum Monday \n Bullshit job \n Career catfishing \n Coffee badging \n Corporatocracy \n Conscious quitting \n Cycle of poverty \n Dolce far niente \n Effects of overtime \n Employee ghosting \n Extermination through labour \n Career cushioning \n Careerism \n Flextime \n Forced labour \n Four-day workweek \n Funemployment \n Ghost job \n Uberisation / Gig worker \n Glass cliff \n Happiness economics \n Honeymoon-hangover effect \n Hush trip \n Job crafting \n Job cuffing \n Jobless employed \n Karoshi \n Loud quitting \n Neijuan \n Occupational burnout \n Occupational safety and health \n Occupational stress \n Orange S.A. suicides \n Overwork \n Performance punishment \n Post-work society \n Precariat \n Presenteeism\n Digital presenteeism \n Productivity theater \n Professional abuse \n Protestant work ethic \n Psychological safety \n Quick quitting \n Quiet hiring \n Quiet promotion \n Quiet quitting \n Quiet thriving\n Lazy girl job \n Rage applying \n Refusal of work \n Resenteeism \n Right to rest and leisure \n Sampo generation \n Sunday scaries \n Six-hour day \n Tang ping \n Technological unemployment \n Toxic workplace\n Narcissism \n Psychopathy \n Wage slavery \n Work ethic \n Workaholic \n Working poor \n Work\u2013life interface \n
Theater, movies, music and art	\n \u00c0 Nous la Libert\u00e9 \n Office Space \n Swedish Public Freedom Service \n \"Take This Job and Shove It\" \n The Future of Work and Death \n The Main Thing Is Work! \n The Working Class Goes to Heaven \n Yama\u2014Attack to Attack \n
Literature	\n Anekdote zur Senkung der Arbeitsmoral \n Bartleby, the Scrivener \n Bonjour paresse \n Bullshit Jobs \n The Conquest of Bread \n Critique of Economic Reason \n Fight Club \n Future Primitive and Other Essays \n In Praise of Idleness and Other Essays \n Inventing the Future \n Manifesto Against Work \n New Escapologist \n On the Poverty of Student Life \n The Society of the Spectacle \n Steal This Book \n The Abolition of Work \n The End of Work \n The Human Use of Human Beings \n The Idler \n The Revolution of Everyday Life \n The Right to Be Lazy \n The Soul at Work: From Alienation to Autonomy \n
Communities	\n R/antiwork \n CrimethInc. \n Situationist International \n
See also	\n Criticism of capitalism \n Critique of political economy \n Job strain \n

v t e Whole Earth Catalog
Editors	\n Stewart Brand \n Lloyd Kahn \n Jay Kinney \n Kevin Kelly \n Howard Rheingold \n Anne Herbert \n Ken Kesey (guest) \n
Community	\n Portola Institute \n Point Foundation \n The WELL \n
Other publications	\n CoEvolution Quarterly \n Whole Earth Software Catalog and Review \n Whole Earth Review/Whole Earth \n
Related topics	\n Whole Earth Access \n Whole Internet User's Guide and Catalog \n Long Now Foundation \n Wired \n Buckminster Fuller \n James Baldwin \n ATS-3 \n Earthrise \n

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National	Germany United States France BnF data Japan Italy Australia Czech Republic Spain Portugal Netherlands Norway Latvia Croatia Korea Sweden Poland Israel Catalonia Belgium
Academics	CiNii MathSciNet
Artists	ULAN MusicBrainz RKD Artists KulturNav Museum of Modern Art FID
People	Trove Structurae Deutsche Biographie DDB
Other	IdRef NARA SNAC 2 3

Life and work

Education

Wartime experience

Depression and epiphany

Recovery

Geodesic domes

Dymaxion Chronofile

World stage

Last filmed appearance

Death

Philosophy

Major design projects

The geodesic dome

Transportation

Housing

Dymaxion map and World Game

Appearance and style

Lifestyle

Language and neologisms

Concepts and buildings

Influence and legacy

In popular culture

Patents

Bibliography

Discography

See also

References

Further reading

External links