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{"parse":{"title":"John G. Trump","pageid":34487515,"text":{"*":"

\"John Trump\" redirects here. For the British engineer, see John Trump (engineer).

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John G. Trump
Born	John George Trump (1907-08-21)August 21, 1907 New York City, New York, U.S.
Died	February 21, 1985(1985-02-21) (aged 77) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Education	New York University (BS) Columbia University (MS) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (DSc)
Occupation(s)	Physicist, electrical engineer, inventor
Employer	Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Known for	Van de Graaff generator Electron beam sterilization of wastewater^[1]^[2]
Spouse	Elora Sauerbrun
Children	John Christine Karen
Parent(s)	Frederick Trump Elizabeth Christ Trump
Relatives	Trump family
Awards	King's Medal for Service (1947) President's Certificate (1948) Lamme Medal (1960) National Medal of Science (1983)
Signature

John George Trump (August 21, 1907 \u2013 February 21, 1985) was an American electrical engineer, inventor, and physicist. A professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) from 1936 to 1985, he was a recipient of the National Medal of Science and a member of the National Academy of Engineering.^[3]^[4]^[5] Trump was noted for developing rotational radiation therapy.^[3] Together with Robert J. Van de Graaff, he developed one of the first million-volt X-ray generators.^[6] He was the paternal uncle of Donald Trump.^[7]\n

\n\n

Early life and education

[edit]

Trump was born in 1907, the youngest of three children of German immigrants Frederick and Elizabeth Christ Trump. \n

His brother, Fred, joined their mother in real estate development and management while still in his teens (Elizabeth Trump & Son). Initially, John and his brother tried working together building houses, but ultimately they dissolved their partnership, and John pursued a career in electrical engineering.^{[citation needed]}\n

Trump received his bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute in 1929 and his master's degree in physics from Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in 1931.^[8] He arrived at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to work with Robert J. Van de Graaff and proposed a 60-hz motor to power Van de Graaff's large-scale vacuum cylinder.^[9] Using Trump's alternating current power design, Van de Graaff's 12-meter, 5000-kV generator was successfully installed at Round Hill, and later moved to the Boston Museum of Science.^[8] Trump received his doctorate of electrical engineering from the MIT in 1933 with a thesis entitled \"Vacuum Electrostatic Engineering.\"^[9]\n

Remaining at MIT, Trump became interested in medical applications of high-voltage radiation. He designed a 1-mV Van de Graaff generator for x-ray imaging at Huntington Memorial Hospital in Boston.^[8] With Carlton Lutts, he discovered the generator was useful for discovering manufacturing defects in aircraft and ships.^[8]\n

War service

[edit]

During World War II, Trump switched from work on hospital X-ray machines to research into similar technologies, especially the development of radar. During 1940, he joined the newly formed National Defense Research Committee (NDRC), as technical aide to Karl Compton, president of MIT, who was serving also as the chairman of the radar division within the NDRC.^[6]\n

During 1942, Trump became secretary of the microwave committee, a sub-committee of the NDRC.^[8] The director of the microwave committee was Alfred Lee Loomis, the \"millionaire physicist\", who decided to create a laboratory. He selected a site for it, chose a suitably discreet and ambiguous name for it, and funded its construction, until governmental administration was established. The new institution came to be called the MIT Radiation Laboratory, or the \"Rad Lab\". As wartime shortages in Britain increased, many of its radar researchers would move to the well-funded laboratory at MIT, where they helped create groundbreaking progress in developing practical devices and systems, which would see widespread field deployment in combat.\n

The British had already started researching radar, which they termed Radio Direction Finder (RDF). Their Tizard Mission to the US showed how much more advanced they were with some of the key technologies, particularly the magnetron. The US decided to send a team to Britain to help coordinate their efforts with the \"British Branch of the Radiation Laboratory\" (BBRL), which operated as a department of Britain's Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) at Malvern, in Worcestershire. From February 1944 to the end of the war in Europe, Trump was the director of the BBRL.^[10]^[8]\n

In early 1943, two days after the death of Nikola Tesla, the Federal Bureau of Investigation ordered the Office of Alien Property Custodian to seize Tesla's belongings.^[11] Trump was called in to analyze the Tesla artifacts, which were being held in government custody.^[11] After a three-day investigation, Trump's report concluded that none of the artifacts would constitute a hazard in unfriendly hands.^[12]\n

During the war, Trump also served in the Advisory Specialist Group on Radar, advising USAAF General Carl Spaatz on navigational radar, precision-bombing radar, and also defenses against the German radars found in their night-fighters and in their flak units. The systems included: Gee, Oboe, LORAN, H2X, MEW & SCR-584. Trump worked with all the most important British radar experts, including Sir Robert Watson-Watt, A.P. Rowe, and Bernard Lovell. At the end of the war, Trump also conducted debriefing interviews with Germany's main radar technicians.^[13]^[14] Trump received recognition for his war-work partnership from both the United States and the United Kingdom.^[15]^[16]^[3]\n

Post-war career

[edit]

In 1946, Trump, Robert J. Van de Graaff, and Denis M. Robinson initiated the High Voltage Engineering Corporation (HVE) to produce Van de Graaff generators.^[3]^[8] While Trump was not a businessman like his brother and nephew, he apparently shared their real estate expertise; Robinson said that land he persuaded HVE to purchase on Massachusetts Route 128 became as valuable as many years of the company's profits.^[7]\n

Trump returned to MIT to teach and direct research for three decades after the war. He directed the MIT High Voltage Research Laboratory from 1946 to 1980.^{[citation needed]} Some of his research at MIT concentrated on treating wastewater. He researched using an electron beam from a high voltage accelerator as the deactivating agent in the treatment of municipal wastewater sludge. The High Voltage Research Laboratory developed a prototype system that was tested at one of Boston's wastewater treatment plants, and it was able to provide bacterial and viral disinfection via continuous on-line treatment.^[17] \n

Trump died in Boston on February 21, 1985.^[18]\n

The National Academy of Engineering described John Trump as \"a pioneer in the scientific, engineering and medical applications of high voltage machinery\".^[4] James Melcher, Trump's lab director, is quoted as saying: \"John, over a period of three decades, would be approached by people of all sorts because he could make megavolt beams of ions and electrons \u2013 death rays... What did he do with it? Cancer research, sterilizing sludge out in Deer Island [a waste disposal facility], all sorts of wondrous things. He didn't touch the weapons stuff.\"^[19]\n

Although Donald Trump has frequently claimed his uncle was the longest serving professor in the history of MIT, that is not correct.^[20]\n

Personal life

[edit]

John G. Trump was a member of the Trump family. He married Elora Sauerbrun (1913\u20131983), and they had three children: John Gordon Trump (1938\u20132012) of Watertown, Massachusetts; Christine Philp (1942\u20132021) of New London, New Hampshire; and Karen Ingraham of Los Alamos, New Mexico; and six grandchildren.^[3]^[21] \n

Awards and honors

[edit]

Trump received a number of awards including:\n

1947: The King's Medal for Service in the Cause of Freedom (KMS), given by George VI^[3]
1948: The President's Certificate of Merit, presented by Harry S. Truman^[3]
1960: The Lamme Medal, given by the American Institute of Electrical Engineers^[3]
1983: The National Medal of Science, presented by Ronald Reagan^[3] for Engineering Sciences

References

[edit]

^ \"Sewage Problem Solved\". Spokane Daily Chronicle. May 21, 1977. Retrieved August 19, 2015.\n
^ US 2123728 \"High Energy Electron Treatment of Water\" of Dr. John G. Trump, requested by High Voltage Engineering Corp\n
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ \"JOHN TRUMP DIES - ENGINEER WAS 78\". The New York Times. February 26, 1985. Retrieved December 24, 2016.\n
^ ^a ^b National Academy of Engineering (1989). \"John George Trump\". Memorial Tributes, Volume 3. The National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/1384. ISBN 978-0-309-03939-0. Retrieved December 24, 2016.\n
^ \"The President's National Medal of Science: Recipient Details\". National Science Foundation. Retrieved December 24, 2016.\n
^ ^a ^b \"J. G. Trump\". Engineering and Technology History Wiki. January 29, 2016. Retrieved December 24, 2016.\n
^ ^a ^b Thomas, William (October 19, 2018). \"A profile of John Trump, Donald's oft-mentioned scientist uncle\". Physics Today (10): 30972. Bibcode:2018PhT..2018j0972T. doi:10.1063/PT.6.4.20181019a. S2CID 240036168. Archived from the original on March 25, 2023.\n
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Thomas, William (October 19, 2018). \"A profile of John Trump, Donald's oft-mentioned scientist uncle\". doi:10.1063/PT.6.4.20181019a. Retrieved February 17, 2025.\n
^ ^a ^b Wildes, Karl L.; Lindgren, Nilo A. (1985). A Century of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at MIT, 1882-1982. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. p. 162.\n
^ \"Private Papers of Dr J G Trump (Documents.4461)\". Imperial War Museum. February 22, 1999. Retrieved December 24, 2016.\n
^ ^a ^b \"Nikola Tesla Timeline\". Tesla Universe. Retrieved January 16, 2017.\n
^ \"Tesla: The Missing Papers\". PBS. Retrieved July 5, 2012.\n
^ \"Private Papers of Dr J G Trump\". Imperial War Museums. Retrieved March 14, 2019.\n
^ Thomas, William (April 10, 2015). Rational Action: The Sciences of Policy in Britain and America, 1940-1960. MIT Press. ISBN 9780262028509.\n
^ \"John George Trump 1907-1985\". NAE Website. Retrieved March 14, 2019.\n
^ Hazen, Harold L. & Tucker, Carlton E. (October 1949). \"School of Engineering - Electrical Engineering\" (PDF). Massachusetts Institute of Technology Bulletin: President's Report Issue. 85 (1): 123. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 4, 2023.\n
^ \"Collection: John G. Trump papers\". MIT ArchivesSpace. Retrieved April 30, 2020.\n
^ \"Eric Dubois: Academic Genealogy\". uOttawa. Retrieved December 24, 2016.\n
^ \"Scientists Who Have Said No\" (PDF). Science for the People. 20 (January/February 1988): 25. Retrieved November 4, 2016.\n
^ Norton, Tom (January 30, 2024). \"Fact Check: Trump Claims His Uncle Was 'Longest Serving Professor' at MIT\". Newsweek. Retrieved July 28, 2024.\n
^ \"John Gordon Trump\". Legacy.com. The Boston Globe. September 27, 2012. Retrieved December 12, 2016.\n

United States National Medal of Science laureates

Behavioral and social science

1960s	\n 1964 \n Neal Elgar Miller \n
1980s	\n 1986 \n Herbert A. Simon \n 1987 \n Anne Anastasi \n George J. Stigler \n 1988 \n Milton Friedman \n
1990s	\n 1990 \n Leonid Hurwicz \n Patrick Suppes \n 1991 \n George A. Miller \n 1992 \n Eleanor J. Gibson \n 1994 \n Robert K. Merton \n 1995 \n Roger N. Shepard \n 1996 \n Paul Samuelson \n 1997 \n William K. Estes \n 1998 \n William Julius Wilson \n 1999 \n Robert M. Solow \n
2000s	\n 2000 \n Gary Becker \n 2003 \n R. Duncan Luce \n 2004 \n Kenneth Arrow \n 2005 \n Gordon H. Bower \n 2008 \n Michael I. Posner \n 2009 \n Mortimer Mishkin \n
2010s	\n 2011 \n Anne Treisman \n 2014 \n Robert Axelrod \n 2015 \n Albert Bandura \n
2020s	\n 2023 \n Huda Akil \n Shelley E. Taylor \n 2025 \n Larry Bartels \n

Biological sciences

1960s	\n 1963 \n C. B. van Niel \n 1964 \n Theodosius Dobzhansky \n Marshall W. Nirenberg \n 1965 \n Francis P. Rous \n George G. Simpson \n Donald D. Van Slyke \n 1966 \n Edward F. Knipling \n Fritz Albert Lipmann \n William C. Rose \n Sewall Wright \n 1967 \n Kenneth S. Cole \n Harry F. Harlow \n Michael Heidelberger \n Alfred H. Sturtevant \n 1968 \n Horace Barker \n Bernard B. Brodie \n Detlev W. Bronk \n Jay Lush \n Burrhus Frederic Skinner \n 1969 \n Robert Huebner \n Ernst Mayr \n
1970s	\n 1970 \n Barbara McClintock \n Albert B. Sabin \n 1973 \n Daniel I. Arnon \n Earl W. Sutherland Jr. \n 1974 \n Britton Chance \n Erwin Chargaff \n James V. Neel \n James Augustine Shannon \n 1975 \n Hallowell Davis \n Paul Gyorgy \n Sterling B. Hendricks \n Orville Alvin Vogel \n 1976 \n Roger Guillemin \n Keith Roberts Porter \n Efraim Racker \n E. O. Wilson \n 1979 \n Robert H. Burris \n Elizabeth C. Crosby \n Arthur Kornberg \n Severo Ochoa \n Earl Reece Stadtman \n George Ledyard Stebbins \n Paul Alfred Weiss \n
1980s	\n 1981 \n Philip Handler \n 1982 \n Seymour Benzer \n Glenn W. Burton \n Mildred Cohn \n 1983 \n Howard L. Bachrach \n Paul Berg \n Wendell L. Roelofs \n Berta Scharrer \n 1986 \n Stanley Cohen \n Donald A. Henderson \n Vernon B. Mountcastle \n George Emil Palade \n Joan A. Steitz \n 1987 \n Michael E. DeBakey \n Theodor O. Diener \n Harry Eagle \n Har Gobind Khorana \n Rita Levi-Montalcini \n 1988 \n Michael S. Brown \n Stanley Norman Cohen \n Joseph L. Goldstein \n Maurice R. Hilleman \n Eric R. Kandel \n Rosalyn Sussman Yalow \n 1989 \n Katherine Esau \n Viktor Hamburger \n Philip Leder \n Joshua Lederberg \n Roger W. Sperry \n Harland G. Wood \n
1990s	\n 1990 \n Baruj Benacerraf \n Herbert W. Boyer \n Daniel E. Koshland Jr. \n Edward B. Lewis \n David G. Nathan \n E. Donnall Thomas \n 1991 \n Mary Ellen Avery \n G. Evelyn Hutchinson \n Elvin A. Kabat \n Robert W. Kates \n Salvador Luria \n Paul A. Marks \n Folke K. Skoog \n Paul C. Zamecnik \n 1992 \n Maxine Singer \n Howard Martin Temin \n 1993 \n Daniel Nathans \n Salome G. Waelsch \n 1994 \n Thomas Eisner \n Elizabeth F. Neufeld \n 1995 \n Alexander Rich \n 1996 \n Ruth Patrick \n 1997 \n James Watson \n Robert A. Weinberg \n 1998 \n Bruce Ames \n Janet Rowley \n 1999 \n David Baltimore \n Jared Diamond \n Lynn Margulis \n
2000s	\n 2000 \n Nancy C. Andreasen \n Peter H. Raven \n Carl Woese \n 2001 \n Francisco J. Ayala \n George F. Bass \n Mario R. Capecchi \n Ann Graybiel \n Gene E. Likens \n Victor A. McKusick \n Harold Varmus \n 2002 \n James E. Darnell \n Evelyn M. Witkin \n 2003 \n J. Michael Bishop \n Solomon H. Snyder \n Charles Yanofsky \n 2004 \n Norman E. Borlaug \n Phillip A. Sharp \n Thomas E. Starzl \n 2005 \n Anthony Fauci \n Torsten N. Wiesel \n 2006 \n Rita R. Colwell \n Nina Fedoroff \n Lubert Stryer \n 2007 \n Robert J. Lefkowitz \n Bert W. O'Malley \n 2008 \n Francis S. Collins \n Elaine Fuchs \n J. Craig Venter \n 2009 \n Susan L. Lindquist \n Stanley B. Prusiner \n
2010s	\n 2010 \n Ralph L. Brinster \n Rudolf Jaenisch \n 2011 \n Lucy Shapiro \n Leroy Hood \n Sallie Chisholm \n 2012 \n May Berenbaum \n Bruce Alberts \n 2013 \n Rakesh K. Jain \n 2014 \n Stanley Falkow \n Mary-Claire King \n Simon Levin \n
2020s	\n 2023 \n Gebisa Ejeta \n Eve Marder \n Gregory Petsko \n Sheldon Weinbaum \n 2025 \n Bonnie Bassler \n Angela Belcher \n Helen Blau \n Emery N. Brown \n G. David Tilman \n Teresa Woodruff \n

Chemistry

1960s	\n 1964 \n Roger Adams \n
1980s	\n 1982 \n F. Albert Cotton \n Gilbert Stork \n 1983 \n Roald Hoffmann \n George C. Pimentel \n Richard N. Zare \n 1986 \n Harry B. Gray \n Yuan Tseh Lee \n Carl S. Marvel \n Frank H. Westheimer \n 1987 \n William S. Johnson \n Walter H. Stockmayer \n Max Tishler \n 1988 \n William O. Baker \n Konrad E. Bloch \n Elias J. Corey \n 1989 \n Richard B. Bernstein \n Melvin Calvin \n Rudolph A. Marcus \n Harden M. McConnell \n
1990s	\n 1990 \n Elkan Blout \n Karl Folkers \n John D. Roberts \n 1991 \n Ronald Breslow \n Gertrude B. Elion \n Dudley R. Herschbach \n Glenn T. Seaborg \n 1992 \n Howard E. Simmons Jr. \n 1993 \n Donald J. Cram \n Norman Hackerman \n 1994 \n George S. Hammond \n 1995 \n Thomas Cech \n Isabella L. Karle \n 1996 \n Norman Davidson \n 1997 \n Darleane C. Hoffman \n Harold S. Johnston \n 1998 \n John W. Cahn \n George M. Whitesides \n 1999 \n Stuart A. Rice \n John Ross \n Susan Solomon \n
2000s	\n 2000 \n John D. Baldeschwieler \n Ralph F. Hirschmann \n 2001 \n Ernest R. Davidson \n G\u00e1bor A. Somorjai \n 2002 \n John I. Brauman \n 2004 \n Stephen J. Lippard \n 2005 \n Tobin J. Marks \n 2006 \n Marvin H. Caruthers \n Peter B. Dervan \n 2007 \n Mostafa A. El-Sayed \n 2008 \n Joanna Fowler \n JoAnne Stubbe \n 2009 \n Stephen J. Benkovic \n Marye Anne Fox \n
2010s	\n 2010 \n Jacqueline K. Barton \n Peter J. Stang \n 2011 \n Allen J. Bard \n M. Frederick Hawthorne \n 2012 \n Judith P. Klinman \n Jerrold Meinwald \n 2013 \n Geraldine L. Richmond \n 2014 \n A. Paul Alivisatos \n 2025 \n R. Lawrence Edwards \n

Engineering sciences

1960s	\n 1962 \n Theodore von K\u00e1rm\u00e1n \n 1963 \n Vannevar Bush \n John Robinson Pierce \n 1964 \n Charles S. Draper \n Othmar H. Ammann \n 1965 \n Hugh L. Dryden \n Clarence L. Johnson \n Warren K. Lewis \n 1966 \n Claude E. Shannon \n 1967 \n Edwin H. Land \n Igor I. Sikorsky \n 1968 \n J. Presper Eckert \n Nathan M. Newmark \n 1969 \n Jack St. Clair Kilby \n
1970s	\n 1970 \n George E. Mueller \n 1973 \n Harold E. Edgerton \n Richard T. Whitcomb \n 1974 \n Rudolf Kompfner \n Ralph Brazelton Peck \n Abel Wolman \n 1975 \n Manson Benedict \n William Hayward Pickering \n Frederick E. Terman \n Wernher von Braun \n 1976 \n Morris Cohen \n Peter C. Goldmark \n Erwin Wilhelm M\u00fcller \n 1979 \n Emmett N. Leith \n Raymond D. Mindlin \n Robert N. Noyce \n Earl R. Parker \n Simon Ramo \n
1980s	\n 1982 \n Edward H. Heinemann \n Donald L. Katz \n 1983 \n Bill Hewlett \n George Low \n John G. Trump \n 1986 \n Hans Wolfgang Liepmann \n Tung-Yen Lin \n Bernard M. Oliver \n 1987 \n Robert Byron Bird \n H. Bolton Seed \n Ernst Weber \n 1988 \n Daniel C. Drucker \n Willis M. Hawkins \n George W. Housner \n 1989 \n Harry George Drickamer \n Herbert E. Grier \n
1990s	\n 1990 \n Mildred Dresselhaus \n Nick Holonyak Jr. \n 1991 \n George H. Heilmeier \n Luna B. Leopold \n H. Guyford Stever \n 1992 \n Calvin F. Quate \n John Roy Whinnery \n 1993 \n Alfred Y. Cho \n 1994 \n Ray W. Clough \n 1995 \n Hermann A. Haus \n 1996 \n James L. Flanagan \n C. Kumar N. Patel \n 1998 \n Eli Ruckenstein \n 1999 \n Kenneth N. Stevens \n
2000s	\n 2000 \n Yuan-Cheng B. Fung \n 2001 \n Andreas Acrivos \n 2002 \n Leo Beranek \n 2003 \n John M. Prausnitz \n 2004 \n Edwin N. Lightfoot \n 2005 \n Jan D. Achenbach \n 2006 \n Robert S. Langer \n 2007 \n David J. Wineland \n 2008 \n Rudolf E. K\u00e1lm\u00e1n \n 2009 \n Amnon Yariv \n
2010s	\n 2010 \n Shu Chien \n 2011 \n John B. Goodenough \n 2012 \n Thomas Kailath \n
2020s	\n 2023 \n Subra Suresh \n 2025 \n John Dabiri \n

Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences

1960s	\n 1963 \n Norbert Wiener \n 1964 \n Solomon Lefschetz \n H. Marston Morse \n 1965 \n Oscar Zariski \n 1966 \n John Milnor \n 1967 \n Paul Cohen \n 1968 \n Jerzy Neyman \n 1969 \n William Feller \n
1970s	\n 1970 \n Richard Brauer \n 1973 \n John Tukey \n 1974 \n Kurt G\u00f6del \n 1975 \n John W. Backus \n Shiing-Shen Chern \n George Dantzig \n 1976 \n Kurt Otto Friedrichs \n Hassler Whitney \n 1979 \n Joseph L. Doob \n Donald E. Knuth \n
1980s	\n 1982 \n Marshall H. Stone \n 1983 \n Herman Goldstine \n Isadore Singer \n 1986 \n Peter Lax \n Antoni Zygmund \n 1987 \n Raoul Bott \n Michael Freedman \n 1988 \n Ralph E. Gomory \n Joseph B. Keller \n 1989 \n Samuel Karlin \n Saunders Mac Lane \n Donald C. Spencer \n
1990s	\n 1990 \n George F. Carrier \n Stephen Cole Kleene \n John McCarthy \n 1991 \n Alberto Calder\u00f3n \n 1992 \n Allen Newell \n 1993 \n Martin David Kruskal \n 1994 \n John Cocke \n 1995 \n Louis Nirenberg \n 1996 \n Richard Karp \n Stephen Smale \n 1997 \n Shing-Tung Yau \n 1998 \n Cathleen Synge Morawetz \n 1999 \n Felix Browder \n Ronald R. Coifman \n
2000s	\n 2000 \n John Griggs Thompson \n Karen Uhlenbeck \n 2001 \n Calyampudi R. Rao \n Elias M. Stein \n 2002 \n James G. Glimm \n 2003 \n Carl R. de Boor \n 2004 \n Dennis P. Sullivan \n 2005 \n Bradley Efron \n 2006 \n Hyman Bass \n 2007 \n Leonard Kleinrock \n Andrew J. Viterbi \n 2009 \n David B. Mumford \n
2010s	\n 2010 \n Richard A. Tapia \n S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan \n 2011 \n Solomon W. Golomb \n Barry Mazur \n 2012 \n Alexandre Chorin \n David Blackwell \n 2013 \n Michael Artin \n
2020s	\n 2025 \n Ingrid Daubechies \n Cynthia Dwork \n

Physical sciences

1960s	\n 1963 \n Luis W. Alvarez \n 1964 \n Julian Schwinger \n Harold Urey \n Robert Burns Woodward \n 1965 \n John Bardeen \n Peter Debye \n Leon M. Lederman \n William Rubey \n 1966 \n Jacob Bjerknes \n Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar \n Henry Eyring \n John H. Van Vleck \n Vladimir K. Zworykin \n 1967 \n Jesse Beams \n Francis Birch \n Gregory Breit \n Louis Hammett \n George Kistiakowsky \n 1968 \n Paul Bartlett \n Herbert Friedman \n Lars Onsager \n Eugene Wigner \n 1969 \n Herbert C. Brown \n Wolfgang Panofsky \n
1970s	\n 1970 \n Robert H. Dicke \n Allan R. Sandage \n John C. Slater \n John A. Wheeler \n Saul Winstein \n 1973 \n Carl Djerassi \n Maurice Ewing \n Arie Jan Haagen-Smit \n Vladimir Haensel \n Frederick Seitz \n Robert Rathbun Wilson \n 1974 \n Nicolaas Bloembergen \n Paul Flory \n William Alfred Fowler \n Linus Carl Pauling \n Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer \n 1975 \n Hans A. Bethe \n Joseph O. Hirschfelder \n Lewis Sarett \n Edgar Bright Wilson \n Chien-Shiung Wu \n 1976 \n Samuel Goudsmit \n Herbert S. Gutowsky \n Frederick Rossini \n Verner Suomi \n Henry Taube \n George Uhlenbeck \n 1979 \n Richard P. Feynman \n Herman Mark \n Edward M. Purcell \n John Sinfelt \n Lyman Spitzer \n Victor F. Weisskopf \n
1980s	\n 1982 \n Philip W. Anderson \n Yoichiro Nambu \n Edward Teller \n Charles H. Townes \n 1983 \n E. Margaret Burbidge \n Maurice Goldhaber \n Helmut Landsberg \n Walter Munk \n Frederick Reines \n Bruno B. Rossi \n J. Robert Schrieffer \n 1986 \n Solomon J. Buchsbaum \n H. Richard Crane \n Herman Feshbach \n Robert Hofstadter \n Chen-Ning Yang \n 1987 \n Philip Abelson \n Walter Elsasser \n Paul C. Lauterbur \n George Pake \n James A. Van Allen \n 1988 \n D. Allan Bromley \n Paul Ching-Wu Chu \n Walter Kohn \n Norman Foster Ramsey Jr. \n Jack Steinberger \n 1989 \n Arnold O. Beckman \n Eugene Parker \n Robert Sharp \n Henry Stommel \n
1990s	\n 1990 \n Allan M. Cormack \n Edwin M. McMillan \n Robert Pound \n Roger Revelle \n 1991 \n Arthur L. Schawlow \n Ed Stone \n Steven Weinberg \n 1992 \n Eugene M. Shoemaker \n 1993 \n Val Fitch \n Vera Rubin \n 1994 \n Albert Overhauser \n Frank Press \n 1995 \n Hans Dehmelt \n Peter Goldreich \n 1996 \n Wallace S. Broecker \n 1997 \n Marshall Rosenbluth \n Martin Schwarzschild \n George Wetherill \n 1998 \n Don L. Anderson \n John N. Bahcall \n 1999 \n James Cronin \n Leo Kadanoff \n
2000s	\n 2000 \n Willis E. Lamb \n Jeremiah P. Ostriker \n Gilbert F. White \n 2001 \n Marvin L. Cohen \n Raymond Davis Jr. \n Charles Keeling \n 2002 \n Richard Garwin \n W. Jason Morgan \n Edward Witten \n 2003 \n G. Brent Dalrymple \n Riccardo Giacconi \n 2004 \n Robert N. Clayton \n 2005 \n Ralph A. Alpher \n Lonnie Thompson \n 2006 \n Daniel Kleppner \n 2007 \n Fay Ajzenberg-Selove \n Charles P. Slichter \n 2008 \n Berni Alder \n James E. Gunn \n 2009 \n Yakir Aharonov \n Esther M. Conwell \n Warren M. Washington \n
2010s	\n 2011 \n Sidney Drell \n Sandra Faber \n Sylvester James Gates \n 2012 \n Burton Richter \n Sean C. Solomon \n 2014 \n Shirley Ann Jackson \n
2020s	\n 2023 \n Barry Barish \n Myriam Sarachik \n 2025 \n Richard Alley \n Wendy Freedman \n Keivan Stassun \n

v t e Family of Donald Trump
Spouses	\n Ivana Trump (first wife) \n Marla Maples (second wife) \n Melania Trump (third wife) \n
Children	\n Donald Trump Jr. (son) \n Ivanka Trump (daughter) \n Eric Trump (son) \n Tiffany Trump (daughter) \n Barron Trump (son) \n
Grandchildren	\n Kai Trump (granddaughter) \n
Parents	\n Fred Trump (father) \n Mary Anne MacLeod Trump (mother) \n
Siblings	\n Maryanne Trump Barry (sister) \n Fred Trump Jr. (brother) \n Robert Trump (brother) \n
Grandparents	\n Frederick Trump (grandfather) \n Elizabeth Christ Trump (grandmother) \n
In-laws	\n Jared Kushner (son-in-law) \n Lara Trump (daughter-in-law) \n Michael Boulos (son-in-law) \n Amalija Knavs (mother-in-law) \n
Others	\n John G. Trump (uncle) \n Mary L. Trump (niece) \n Fred Trump III (nephew) \n John W. Walter (cousin) \n

Authority control databases $\"Edit$
International	VIAF WorldCat
National	United States
Other	IdRef NARA

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