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Ronaldo Luís Nazário de Lima (Brazilian Portuguese: [ʁoˈnawdu ˈlwiz nɐˈzaɾju dʒi ˈlimɐ]; born 18 September 1976),[2] mononymously known as Ronaldo, is a Brazilian former professional footballer who played as a striker. He is the owner and president of La Liga club Real Valladolid. Nicknamed O Fenômeno ('The Phenomenon') and R9, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time.[6] As a multi-functional striker who brought a new dimension to the position, Ronaldo has been an influence for a generation of strikers that have followed. His individual accolades include being named FIFA World Player of the Year three times and winning two Ballon d'Or awards.
Key Information
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Ronaldo started his career at Cruzeiro and moved to PSV in 1994. He joined Barcelona in 1996 for a then world record transfer fee and at 20 years old, he was named the 1996 FIFA World Player of the Year, making him the youngest recipient of the award. In 1997, Inter Milan broke the world record fee to sign Ronaldo, making him the first player since Diego Maradona to break the world transfer record twice. At 21, he received the 1997 Ballon d'Or and remains the youngest recipient of the award. By the age of 23, Ronaldo had scored over 200 goals for club and country. However, after a series of knee injuries and recuperation, he was inactive for almost three years. Ronaldo joined Real Madrid in 2002 and won the 2002–03 La Liga title. He had spells at AC Milan and Corinthians before retiring in 2011, having suffered further injuries.
Ronaldo played for Brazil in 98 matches, scoring 62 goals and is the third-highest goalscorer for his national team. At age 17, he was the youngest member of the Brazilian squad that won the 1994 FIFA World Cup. At the 1998 FIFA World Cup, Ronaldo received the Golden Ball as the player of the tournament after he helped Brazil reach the final, where he suffered a convulsive fit hours before kick-off. He won the 2002 FIFA World Cup, starring in a front three with Ronaldinho and Rivaldo. Ronaldo scored twice in the final and received the Golden Boot as the tournament's top goalscorer. This achievement, viewed as "redemption" for what occurred at the previous World Cup, saw Ronaldo named the 2002 FIFA World Player of the Year, receive the 2002 Ballon d'Or, and for his return from injury, won the Laureus World Sports Award for Comeback of the Year. At the 2006 FIFA World Cup, Ronaldo scored his 15th World Cup goal, a tournament record at the time. He also won the 1997 Copa América, where he became the player of the tournament and the 1999 Copa América, where he was the top goalscorer.
Ronaldo was one of the most marketable sportsmen in the world during his playing career. He was named in the FIFA 100 list of the greatest living players compiled in 2004 by Pelé and was inducted into the Brazilian Football Museum Hall of Fame, Italian Football Hall of Fame, Inter Milan Hall of Fame and Real Madrid Hall of Fame. In 2020, Ronaldo was named in the Ballon d'Or Dream Team, a greatest all-time XI published by France Football magazine. Ronaldo has continued his work as a United Nations Development Programme Goodwill Ambassador, a position to which he was appointed in 2000. Ronaldo became the majority owner of Real Valladolid in September 2018, after buying 51% of the club's shares. In December 2021, he bought a controlling stake in his boyhood club Cruzeiro, investing $70 million in the club. He sold his stake in Cruzeiro in April 2024.
Early life
[edit]Ronaldo Luís Nazário de Lima was born on 18 September 1976 in Itaguaí as the third child of Nélio Nazário de Lima Snr. and Sônia dos Santos Barata.[7][8] Ronaldo has a brother, Nélio Jr.[8][9] His parents separated when he was 11, and Ronaldo dropped out of school shortly afterward to pursue a career in football.[10] He played on the streets of Bento Ribeiro, a suburb of Rio de Janeiro. His mother states: "I always found him on the street playing ball with friends when he should have been in school. I know, I lost my battle."[10] His first futsal team was Valqueire Tenis Clube, and then he joined the Social Ramos futsal team at the age of 12 leading the city's youth league in scoring with a record 166 goals in his first season which included scoring 11 of his team's 12 goals in a single game.[8][10] Crediting futsal for developing his skills, Ronaldo has said, "futsal will always be my first love."[11][12][13] His coach from Social Ramos, Alirio Carvalho, says: "What was special about Ronaldo was his attitude. It was as if he had come from the moon. Nothing disturbed him, nothing overawed him, nothing threw him off his game."[14][15]
Spotted by former Brazilian player Jairzinho, who was coaching São Cristóvão, Ronaldo played for the São Cristóvão youth team.[16] Under the guidance of coach Alfredo Sampaio, he progressed quickly through the ranks, playing for the clubs' under-17 and under-20 teams while only 15.[14] Ronaldo's agents in Brazil, Reinaldo Pitta and Alexandre Martins, signed him as a 13-year-old. Pitta stated: "We saw right away that he could be something different than most other players."[10] Recognized as a child prodigy, Jairzinho recommended the then 16-year-old to his former club Cruzeiro.[17]
Club career
[edit]Cruzeiro
[edit]Ronaldo quickly attracted attention from big clubs, and his agents rejected offers from Botafogo and São Paulo.[18] He was turned down by Flamengo, the team he supported as a boy, after missing practice due to an inability to afford the fare for the hour-long bus ride.[10][19] Jairzinho saw Ronaldo's potential and helped get him a move to Cruzeiro.[10] Ronaldo's agents accepted an offer of €50,000 from the club, and he scored four goals on his youth team debut.[14]
Three months after arriving at Cruzeiro, Ronaldo made his professional debut on 25 May 1993 against Caldense in the Minas Gerais State Championship.[14][20] His first senior goal came in a friendly during a tour of Portugal, scoring a goal against Belenenses and generally impressing new coach Carlos Alberto Silva, enough to become a first team regular.[14] During the tour, his performance against Porto impressed enough that they bid $500,000, which was turned down by club president César Masci.[14]
Upon returning from the 1993 summer tour, he would score 20 goals in 21 games for Cruzeiro until the end of the year. On 5 October 1993 he scored his first senior career hat-trick against Chilean side Colo-Colo (6–1) in the first home leg of the Supercopa Libertadores.[21] He scored two more in the second leg, further three against Uruguayan team Nacional, and finished as the tournament's top-scorer with 8 goals,[14] being the youngest to do so in the history of the Supercopa Libertadores.
On 7 November 1993 he came to national public attention once more by scoring five goals in Cruzeiro's 6–0 home win against Bahia[22] in the 1993 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A and became the second youngest South-American in history to score a league hat-trick behind Pelé.[23][24]
Ronaldo scored a total of 44 goals in 47 games with Cruzeiro in two seasons, leading them to their first Copa do Brasil in 1993, and the Minas Gerais State Championship in 1994.[25]
PSV
[edit]Ronaldo joined PSV after the 1994 World Cup. He was selected for the tournament despite being just 17, but did not play in any games. His Brazil teammate Romário, having played for PSV from 1988 to 1993, advised Ronaldo to move to the club.[26][27] On 28 August 1994, Ronaldo scored ten minutes into his debut against Vitesse, and scored a brace on his home debut against Go Ahead Eagles.[27] He scored 30 league goals in his first season in the Netherlands, which included seven braces and a hat-trick against Utrecht.[27] After scoring a hat-trick in PSV's game against Bayer Leverkusen in the 1994–95 UEFA Cup, Leverkusen striker and Germany World Cup winner Rudi Völler stated in a post match press conference, "Never in my life have I seen an 18-year-old play in this way."[26] His dribbles from midfield caught the attention of many in the sport, with future Barcelona teammate Luis Enrique stating, "I'd seen him on television at PSV and thought ‘wow'. Then he came to Barcelona. He's the most spectacular player I've ever seen. He did things I'd never seen before. We're now used to seeing Messi dribble past six players, but not then. Ronaldo was a beast."[28]
Nick Miller, match reporter for The Guardian, writes: "What's striking about Ronaldo in that first year at PSV is how complete he looks, even as a skinny teenager. Everything that would come to define him – the lightning pace, the blurry stepovers, the implausible impression that he was faster with the ball than without it, even the exceptional upper-body strength – was all there."[26] Rob Smyth added, "In many ways Ronaldo was the first PlayStation footballer. His stepover was a form of hypnosis, and his signature trick, the elastico, could certainly have come from a computer screen."[29] Ronaldo's second season was marred by a knee injury which kept him out of most of the campaign, but he still averaged nearly a goal a game, scoring 19 goals in 21 appearances,[26] including a UEFA Cup four-goal haul against Finnish side MyPa.[27] With PSV, Ronaldo won the Dutch Cup in 1996 and he was Eredivisie top scorer in 1995.[30] In his two seasons at the club he scored 54 goals in 58 games.[31] Ronaldo occasionally names Luc Nilis as one of the best strike partners he had played with, despite sharing only a brief time with him at PSV.[32]
Barcelona
[edit]
During his spell at PSV, Ronaldo attracted the attention of both Inter Milan and Barcelona. It was Barcelona that was willing to pay the then-world record fee of $19.5 million, and he joined the club on 17 July 1996.[31] According to manager Bobby Robson, he signed an eight-year contract, and would play up front alone.[33]
During the 1996–97 season, Ronaldo scored 47 goals in 49 games in all competitions, with his goal celebration invariably the same with his arms outstretched like the statue of Christ the Redeemer that watches over his native Rio de Janeiro.[31] He helped Barcelona to the 1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup title, capping the season with the winning goal in the final, and to a win in the 1996 Supercopa de España.[34] He also won La Liga top scorer award in 1997 with 34 goals in 37 games, and the European Golden Shoe.[35] Until the 2008–09 season, Ronaldo remained the last player to score more than 30 goals in La Liga.[35]
Ronaldo was at his physical peak at Barcelona, and many of his 47 goals involved him rounding the goalkeeper before slotting the ball into the net.[31] By January 1997, at 20 years old, he was touted to be the next "great" in football, being viewed as the heir to Pelé, Diego Maradona, Johan Cruyff[36] and Marco van Basten.[37] Speaking to The New York Times regarding Ronaldo later that season, Robson said "I don't think I've ever seen a player at 20 have so much".[38] World Soccer featured Ronaldo on its cover in the same year under the headline 'The Best Ever?'.[37] Óscar García, Ronaldo's teammate that season, stated, "Back then, he was all fibre and muscle. He was a perfect physical specimen. Such incredible power matched to his technical skills could make him unstoppable."[39] José Mourinho, who worked as an interpreter at Barcelona, referred to Ronaldo as "the greatest player I have ever seen in my life", adding, "I have no doubts. Ronaldo is the best my eyes have seen",[40] and in 2014 regarded him as the best player post-Diego Maradona.[41]
Arguably, Ronaldo's most memorable Barcelona goal was scored at Compostela on 11 October 1996; having received the ball inside his own half, he evaded a cynical tackle of the first opponent with a drag back, before running away from another and ran towards goal, going past two more defenders in the box with close ball control, before finishing into the bottom corner of the net.[31] The camera then cut to manager Robson who had got up off the bench and clasped his head in disbelief at what he had seen.[31] The footage of the goal was later used in a Nike advert with a voiceover asking: "Imagine you asked God to be the best player in the world, and he listened to you",[31] and the goal was said to have been replayed 160 times on the main Spanish television channels in the 48 hours following the game.[38] Half-way through the season, Barcelona agreed in principle to extend his contract to 2006, doubling his salary in the process.[38] A hat-trick against Valencia, the third goal of which saw him dissect two Valencia defenders before striking the ball into the net, saw Barcelona fans waving white handkerchiefs as an expression of admiration for an exceptional performance. Sid Lowe of Sports Illustrated stated: "That season Ronaldo was unstoppable. He was slim and powerful, skillful, fast and deadly. He was ridiculously good."[42] At the end of 1996, aged 20, Ronaldo became the youngest player to win FIFA World Player of the Year.[31]
Inter Milan
[edit]1997–1999: World record transfer and Ballon d'Or win
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Ronaldo's time at Barcelona lasted one season, as there were problems with the renegotiation of his contract.[31] Barcelona thought there was an agreement in place, with Barcelona president Josep Lluís Núñez saying "He's ours for life", but when the parties reconvened the following day, the agreement collapsed, with Núñez admitting: "It's all over, Ronaldo is going".[31] Speaking to ESPN, Ronaldo stated, "I had reached an agreement to renew my contract just a month before that season finished, but a week later the lawyer and the president of Barcelona agreed that that contract was absurd."[43] Paying the buy out clause fee in his contract, Inter Milan signed him in the summer of 1997 for a then world record fee of $27 million,[44] making him the second player, after Diego Maradona, to break the world transfer record twice.[29][31] He signed a five-year contract with the Italians,[45] and was unveiled to 4,000 Inter fans at their training ground.[46] His debut came on 27 July during the pre-season fixture against Manchester United.[46][47] His competitive debut came on the opening day of the 1997–98 season against Brescia.[48]
Ronaldo adapted to the Italian style of the game in his first season, finishing with 25 Serie A goals, and was named Serie A Footballer of the Year.[49] Ronaldo started to develop into a complete forward. He began racking up assists, became first-choice penalty taker, taking and scoring freekicks. Halfway through his first season he won FIFA World Player of the Year for the second time, and collected the Ballon d'Or.[50] During his time with Inter, he scored several goals against city rivals AC Milan in the Derby della Madonnina. Ronaldo and prolific Fiorentina striker Gabriel Batistuta were the two best strikers in Serie A, with their duels the most anticipated in Italy.[51] Ronaldo's goal celebrations often saw his Inter teammates congratulating him by kneeling down and pretending to shine his shoe.[52] Ronaldo scored a trademark goal against Lazio in the 1998 UEFA Cup Final. Running through defence to go one on one with Lazio goalkeeper Luca Marchegiani, Ronaldo feinted to go right then left, without touching the ball, leaving Marchegiani on his backside, before going right and slotting the ball into the net.[53] His Inter teammate Youri Djorkaeff stated; "Ronaldo was phenomenal. He proved that he was a cut above the rest that season."[53] After the 1998 FIFA World Cup, where he was named player of the tournament, Ronaldo was widely regarded as the best striker in the world.[29][54] By the end of the 1998–99 season, he was appointed Inter Milan captain.[55]
1999–2002: Recurring injury problems
[edit]"The knee injuries suffered at Inter Milan took away the explosiveness that made him possibly the greatest young footballer of all time, a futuristic fusion of speed, strength and skill. That is not to belittle Ronaldo's achievements in the second half of his career, when he scored eight goals in a single World Cup [in 2002] and became the first Ronaldo to receive a standing ovation at Old Trafford [in 2003], but it is the memory of the early years that puts mist in the eyes of grown men."
After two seasons with Inter, A.C. Milan defender Paolo Maldini viewed Ronaldo and Diego Maradona as the two best players he ever faced, stating, "Ronaldo during his first two years at Inter was a phenomenon."[56] Inter had high hopes going into the 1999–2000 season with their attack including Ronaldo and Italian stars Roberto Baggio and Christian Vieri.[57] However, on 21 November, during a Serie A match against Lecce, Ronaldo felt his knee buckle and was forced to limp off the field.[58] A medical examination confirmed that the striker had ruptured a tendon in his knee and would require surgery.[58] During his first comeback on 12 April 2000, he played only six minutes during the first leg of the Coppa Italia final against Lazio before suffering a complete rupture of the knee-cap tendons.[59][60] Ronaldo's physiotherapist Nilton Petrone stated, "his knee-cap actually exploded", and called it "the worst football injury" he's ever seen.[61]
Ronaldo was forced to miss the entire 2000–01 season and much of the two seasons either side of it.[62] Since his Inter teammate Javier Zanetti had replaced him as the team captain during his absence, he eventually inherited the captain's armband in late 2001.[63] After two operations and rehabilitation, Ronaldo came back for the 2002 World Cup, helping Brazil win their fifth World Cup title. Later in 2002, he won the FIFA World Player of the Year award for the third time, and transferred from Inter to Real Madrid.[50] Ronaldo was given his most recognizable nickname, Il Fenomeno, by the Italian press while playing there.[10][29] His Inter teammate Djorkaeff stated: "when we were training, we would practically stop to watch him. It was extraordinary."[64] Prior to his November 1999 injury, Ronaldo had registered 42 goals in 58 Serie A games, in what was the hardest league to score in with the most advanced defensive strategies and the world's best defenders.[65][66] After five years, he had played 99 games and scored 59 goals for Nerazzurri.[50] Ronaldo's performances at the club – especially the first two seasons before injury – saw him named among the four inaugural inductees into the Inter Milan Hall of Fame in 2018.[67][68]
Real Madrid
[edit]2002–2005: Ballon d'Or win and La Liga championship
[edit]
Having signed for Real Madrid for €46 million, his jersey sales broke all records on the first day.[69] Ronaldo was part of the Galácticos era of global stars signed by the club every summer, which included Zinedine Zidane, Luís Figo, Roberto Carlos and David Beckham.[70] He was sidelined through injury until October 2002 which further fuelled fan anticipation.[71] Ronaldo scored twice on his debut against Alavés, the first 61 seconds after coming on.[71] That same reception was observed at the final game of the season against Athletic Bilbao, where Ronaldo scored to finish his first season with 23 league goals and seal La Liga title for 2003.[72] He also won an Intercontinental Cup in 2002 and Supercopa de España in 2003, scoring in both finals.[72]
In the second leg of Real Madrid's Champions League quarter-final, Ronaldo scored a hat-trick against Manchester United at Old Trafford, knocking the English team out of the competition.[73] Completing his hat-trick with a swerving strike from 30 yards, Ronaldo was substituted off after 67 minutes, and was given a standing ovation from both sets of fans.[74][73] Reflecting on the ovation given to him from the oppositions' fans, Ronaldo stated that "it remains a very beautiful, very special moment".[75] Manchester United defender Wes Brown commented: "He was just unstoppable. A young Ronaldo [before a series of injuries] would have been even more dangerous, but it shows how good a player he was. Whenever he wanted to turn it on he could, on any stage, in any stadium".[74] Ronaldo scored in a 2–1 home win over Juventus in the first leg of the Champions League semi-finals, but injury crucially kept him out of most of the second leg defeat where Real were eliminated.[76]
In the 2003–04 season, Madrid were on track to win the treble, until Ronaldo was injured towards the end of the season; they subsequently lost the Copa del Rey final, were knocked out of the UEFA Champions League quarter-finals to Monaco, and suffered a league form breakdown.[77][78] During that second season at the club, Ronaldo scored one of the fastest goals in the club's history when he netted after 15 seconds in a league match against Atlético Madrid at the Bernabéu on 3 December 2003.[79] Three days later he helped to ensure Real's first league victory over Barcelona at the Nou Camp in 20 years when he scored the second goal in a 2–1 victory over his former club.[76] He finished the season as La Liga's top scorer with 25 goals and received the Pichichi Trophy for a second time, despite Madrid losing the league title to Valencia.[35]
2005–2007: Final two seasons
[edit]
In his final two seasons at Real Madrid, Ronaldo missed a number of games with injuries and weight issues, and with the acquisition of Ruud van Nistelrooy in 2006, he grew further out of favour with the manager Fabio Capello.[80] Speaking in 2017 on Ronaldo's weight issues and lack of fitness at Madrid, in addition to his ability, Capello summed up the conflicting emotions he has with the Brazilian: "The most difficult player to handle was the best I coached: Ronaldo, il Fenomeno."[81]
In four and a half seasons at the club, Ronaldo scored over a century of goals, becoming the fifth foreigner at Madrid to achieve the feat after Argentine Alfredo Di Stéfano, Hungarian Ferenc Puskás, Mexican Hugo Sánchez and Chilean Iván Zamorano.[82] Although the knee injuries before 2002 meant he "was robbed of the explosiveness of his early years" (according to FourFourTwo) by the time he signed for Real Madrid, Ronaldo was named by Marca as a member of the "Best foreign eleven in Real Madrid's history".[59][83]
While past his 1990s prime, Ronaldo still drew praise from his Madrid colleagues, with Zidane stating: "Without hesitation, Ronaldo is the best player I ever played with or against. He had such an ease with the ball. Every day I trained with him, I saw something different, something new, something beautiful."[84] Michael Owen, who joined Madrid in 2004, acknowledged that he never got the chance to play with Ronaldo in his prime when "he had absolute blistering speed and strength, mesmerizing foot speed, he was just a blur, he'd be that fast", before adding, "even in training, he showed more than enough to convince me that I would have loved to play with him at his peak."[85] Teammates for six months, Van Nistelrooy said: "Ronaldo was the best natural talent I ever played with. His innate ability went beyond anything that I'd ever seen or played alongside."[86][87]
AC Milan
[edit]
On 18 January 2007, it was reported that Ronaldo agreed terms with Milan for a transfer of €8.05 million.[88] Departing Real Madrid, having been the club's leading goalscorer for all of his four full seasons, Ronaldo thanked everyone except Capello: "I would like to thank the fans who've supported me all the time and thank all the teammates that I've had here and all the coaches I've had – except one".[89] Capello, who dropped him due to weight issues, commented: "I wish him the best of luck in doing what he used to do which is being a great player."[89] On 25 January, Ronaldo flew from Madrid to Milan, with statements on the club's website stating Ronaldo was in Milan for a medical, and that a meeting had been arranged with Real Madrid officials to discuss and finalize his transfer to the Milanese club.[90] On 26 January, Ronaldo successfully completed his medical tests at the Milanello training complex under the supervision of club doctors, and the transfer was completed on 30 January.[91] Wearing the number 99 jersey, he made his debut as a substitute on 11 February 2007 in the 2–1 victory over Livorno.[92] The next game at Siena, on 17 February, Ronaldo scored twice and assisted on a third goal in his first start for Milan, as they won 4–3.[93] In his first season, Ronaldo scored seven goals in 14 appearances.[58]
After his move to Milan, Ronaldo joined the list of the few players to have played for both Inter Milan and AC Milan in the Derby della Madonnina, and is one of few players to have scored for both rival teams in the Milan derby game (for Inter in the 1998–99 season and for AC Milan in the 2006–07 season), the others being players such as Giuseppe Meazza, Zlatan Ibrahimović, Enrico Candiani and Aldo Cevenini.[94] Ronaldo is also one of the few players to have started for Real Madrid and Barcelona, which also boasts a heated rivalry. Ronaldo, however, has never transferred directly between rival clubs. Ronaldo only played 300-plus minutes in his second season at Milan due to recurring injury problems and weight issues.[95] Ronaldo's only goals in the 2007–08 season, besides his goal against Lecce in pre-season, came in a 5–2 victory against Napoli at the San Siro, where he scored an emotional double.[96] It was also the first time Milan's much hyped attacking trio of Kaká, Alexandre Pato and Ronaldo, known as Ka-Pa-Ro, played together.[97]
Despite tremendous success over the past decade, Ronaldo never won the UEFA Champions League in his club career.[98] In 2019, FourFourTwo named him the best player never to win the competition;[99] in 2020, Sky Sports ranked him the second-best player (after Diego Maradona) never to win the Champions League or European Cup.[100] Ronaldo stated: "I live football with a passion that doesn't give me any peace for not winning the Champions League – it's a trophy everyone would love to win."[101] In 2011, Paul Wilson wrote in The Guardian: "Ronaldo was unlucky in his timing or his choice of club – for there is no doubt that at his very best he would have walked into any club in the world."[80] For the 2006–07 season, when AC Milan won the Champions League, Ronaldo was cup-tied with Madrid and ineligible to take part.[102][103] The closest that he came to Champions League success was in 2003 when he helped Real Madrid to the semi-finals, in which they lost to Juventus.[104]
On 13 February 2008, Ronaldo suffered a severe season-ending knee injury while jumping for a cross in Milan 1–1 draw with Livorno, and was stretchered off and taken to a hospital.[105] The club confirmed after the match that Ronaldo had ruptured the kneecap ligament in his left knee. It marked the third such occurrence of this injury, which he suffered twice to his right knee in 1999 and 2000.[106] Teammate Clarence Seedorf stated: "My heart stopped beating because it was like watching a repeat of the injury he suffered playing for Inter Milan against Lazio [in 2000]. His reaction was the same."[107] Silvio Berlusconi told Italy's RAI TV: "He fears for his career. I called him last evening and told him to believe in himself. He has enormous physical potential."[106] Ronaldo was released by Milan at the end of the season, as his contract expired and was not renewed.[108][109]
Corinthians
[edit]2009–2010: Paulistão and Copa do Brasil
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Ronaldo trained with Rio de Janeiro based Brazilian club Flamengo during his recovery from knee surgery, and the club's board of directors said that the doors were open for him to join.[110][111] On 9 December, however, Ronaldo signed a one-year deal with Flamengo's league rival Corinthians.[112] The announcement received much publicity in the Brazilian press about his choice of Corinthians over Flamengo, since Ronaldo publicly declared himself a Flamengo fan.[108] Rio-based sports newspaper Lance! called Ronaldo a "phenomenal traitor", and some angry fans burned Ronaldo shirts outside the Flamengo headquarters.[112] Ronaldo responded that playing for Corinthians was the only option open to him. "I understand perfectly, I'm openly a Flamengo fan. But I was training with Flamengo for four months and didn't receive any offer. Corinthians made an offer that will let me continue my career."[112]
Ronaldo played his first match for Corinthians on 4 March 2009, a Copa do Brasil match against Itumbiara at Estádio Juscelino Kubitschek, in which he came as a substitute for Jorge Henrique.[113] Ronaldo scored his first goal for Corinthians on 8 March 2009 in a Campeonato Paulista match against Palmeiras.[114] Scoring eight goals in nine matches, his form led to calls for his return to the Brazil national team – nearly 70% of respondents in a poll for the O Globo newspaper voted that he should be reinstated, with the country's president Lula also calling for his immediate return.[115] He scored twice in a 3–1 win against local rivals Santos in the first leg of the state championship final, with Santos idol Pelé looking on from the stands. His second goal, a chip over the Santos goalkeeper from 30 yards out, sent the Corinthians fans into hysteria.[115] Ultimately, he helped Corinthians win the Campeonato Paulista with ten goals in 14 games.[116]
Ronaldo scored in Corinthians 4–2 aggregate defeat of Internacional in the final of the 2009 Copa do Brasil, helping the club win the trophy for the third time (the second of his career), thus earning a spot in the Copa Libertadores 2010.[117][118] Following an injury lay off he returned on 20 September in a match against Goiás, and a week later scored for Corinthians in a draw against São Paulo. He finished the 2009 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A with 12 goals in 20 matches.[119]
2011: Retirement
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In February 2010, Ronaldo signed a contract extension with Corinthians that would keep him with the club until the end of 2011, and said he would then retire.[120][121] Commenting on his weight issues following this announcement, Brian Homewood of The Guardian stated: "Sadly, Ronaldo's celebrity is now more of a draw than his skills on the pitch – Coldplay, Israeli prime minister Shimon Peres and actor Hugh Jackman have all visited São Paulo to get a picture with the roly‑poly star."[122]
In February 2011, after Corinthians were eliminated from the 2011 Copa Libertadores by the Colombian team Deportes Tolima, Ronaldo announced his retirement from football, concluding an 18-year career.[123][124][125] In an emotional press conference on 14 February, he cited pain and hypothyroidism as the reasons for his premature retirement.[126] He discovered he had hypothyroidism – a condition which slows down metabolism and causes weight gain – during tests with Milan in 2007.[127]
The player said that the problem could be solved by taking hormones, but this practice is forbidden in football and would lead to a suspension for doping.[128] However, doctors disagree that such treatment would be confused with doping, with some publicly claiming that Ronaldo had lied when he said could not treat his hypothyroidism.[129] Corinthians' own doctor said that Ronaldo did not have this disease. Hypothyroidism is usually associated with a slight weight gain (eminently due to fluid accumulation, not fat gain) and difficulty getting rid of extra pounds.[130][131]
Ronaldo admitted his body had finally succumbed to the crippling litany of injuries that had blighted his career: "It's very hard to leave something that made me so happy. Mentally I wanted to continue but I have to acknowledge that I lost to my body. The head wants to go on but the body can't take any more. I think of an action but I can't do it the way I want to. It's time to go."[132]
International career
[edit]
Ronaldo made his international debut for Brazil on 23 March 1994 in a friendly match in Recife against Argentina.[133] His first senior goal for Brazil came on 4 May 1994 in a 3–0 friendly win against Iceland.[134] He went to the 1994 FIFA World Cup in the United States aged 17, but did not play as Brazil went on to win the tournament.[135] He stated he was "overjoyed" at the experience.[136] He was then known as Ronaldinho ("little Ronaldo" in Portuguese), because Ronaldo Rodrigues de Jesus, his older teammate, was also called Ronaldo and later nicknamed Ronaldão ("big Ronaldo") to further distinguish them.[137] Another player, Ronaldo de Assis Moreira, now widely known as Ronaldinho, was called Ronaldinho Gaúcho when he joined the Brazil team in 1999.[138][139]
Atlanta '96 and Copa América
[edit]At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Ronaldo used the name Ronaldinho again, since centre-back Ronaldo Guiaro, two years his senior, was one of his teammates. Brazil went on to win the bronze medal.[140] Ronaldo also represented Brazil in the 1995 Copa América (finishing second) and won both the 1997 and the 1999 editions of the tournament. He was named player of the tournament in 1997, was the top scorer in 1999 and scored in the finals of both, against Bolivia in 1997 and Uruguay in 1999.[141][142][143] He also took part in the friendly Tournoi de France in 1997, preceding the 1998 FIFA World Cup, scoring a goal as Brazil became runners-up. Ronaldo starred alongside Romário, dubbed the Ro-Ro attack, at the 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup, helping Brazil win their first ever Confederations Cup title where he finished as the third-highest scorer with 4 goals, scoring a hat-trick against Australia in the final.[144] On the combination of Ronaldo and Romário, Will Sharp writes: "...to the elation of all those fortunate enough to have watched them, they found themselves together, fated with the opportunity to forge one of the most outrageous offensive pairings the game has ever seen. Their partnership was brief but it was inexplicably brilliant."[145]
1998 FIFA World Cup
[edit]"The way he combined powerhouse athleticism with a poetic touch made for an awesome sight. In the 1990s, in his physical pomp, in his free-flowing prime, there was nothing remotely like him. By the time the 1998 World Cup came along his reputation had extended to the point of fully formed marvel. A happening."
Ronaldo entered the 1998 FIFA World Cup billed as the world's greatest player by reporters in the sport.[146] Jacob Steinberg of The Guardian writes, "In 1998, no one was as ferociously talented as Ronaldo, whose supernatural mixture of power, pace and skill had made him the player every child in the playground wanted to be; at the age of 21, the hopes and dreams of a nation rested on his shoulders."[146]
Ronaldo scored four goals and made three assists en route to the final,[147][148] scoring once and assisting Bebeto's goal in a 3–0 win against Morocco in the team's second group stage match,[149] netting twice in a 4–1 win against Chile in the round of 16, set–up two goals in Brazil's 3–2 victory over Denmark in the quarter-finals,[147][150] and scored once in the 1–1 draw against the Netherlands in the semi-finals, also netting Brazil's first penalty in the 4–2 shoot–out victory.[150][151][152] Hours before the final against France, Ronaldo suffered a convulsive fit.[147] At first, he was removed from the starting lineup 72 minutes before the match, and the team sheet (with Edmundo as his replacement) was submitted to the FIFA delegate.[146] The starting line up without Ronaldo was released to a stunned world media.[146] The BBC's John Motson stated, "The scenes in the commentary box have been absolute mayhem and chaos."[153] However, shortly before kick off, after pleading that he felt fine and requested to play, Ronaldo was reinstated by Brazil coach Mário Zagallo.[146]
Ronaldo was the last Brazilian player out of the tunnel as the teams entered the field. During the playing of the Brazil national anthem the camera focused on him throughout, with Ronaldo showing little emotion.[153] Steinberg states that Ronaldo "sleepwalked" through the final, which also saw him injured in a collision with French goalkeeper Fabien Barthez.[146] Zagallo admitted the fears over Ronaldo affected his team psychologically, and stated "for the whole of the first half I was wondering whether to take him off", but feared a public outcry in Brazil had he done so.[146] Brazil lost the match to hosts France 3–0.[154] Ronaldo later reflected: "We lost the World Cup but I won another cup – my life."[147]
An inquest was launched in Brazil, with team doctor Lídio Toledo telling the commission "imagine if I stopped Ronaldo playing and Brazil lost. At that moment I'd have to go and live on the North Pole."[146] Adrian Williams, professor of clinical neurology at Birmingham University, said that Ronaldo should not have played, that he would have been feeling the after effects of the seizure, and "there is no way that he would have been able to perform to the best of his ability within 24 hours of his first fit – if it was his first fit."[155] Despite his sub-par performance in the final due to his seizure hours earlier, Ronaldo was awarded the Golden Ball as the best player of the tournament for his performances leading up to the final, and finished the tournament as the joint-third highest scorer.[156] The nature of the incident set off a trail of questions and allegations which persisted for years, with Alex Bellos writing in The Guardian,
When Ronaldo's health scare was revealed after the match, the situation's unique circumstances lent itself to conspiracy theories. Here was the world's most famous sportsman, about to take part in the most important match of his career, when he suddenly, inexplicably, fell ill. Was it stress, epilepsy, or had he been drugged?"[157]
A conspiracy surrounded Nike, the sportswear company who sponsored Ronaldo and the Brazilian national team, with some in Brazil believing the company had forced Ronaldo to play.[157] The parliamentary inquiry was unable to find any wider conspiracy, although the Brazilian public remained unconvinced.[157] Reporting for CNN, Don Riddell wrote, "It's one of the great mysteries of our time: not the Loch Ness Monster, Stonehenge or the Lost City of Atlantis; it's the case of the missing striker – not so much a whodunit, more a kind of a what the heck happened?"[158]
2002 FIFA World Cup
[edit]
Prior to the 2002 FIFA World Cup, Ronaldo had barely played since rupturing the cruciate ligament in his right knee in April 2000, and he missed Brazil's entire qualification campaign where, in his absence, the team had been poor.[159] Tim Vickery writes, "Without Ronaldo, Brazil were a shambles, fortunate even to get to the tournament. With him, it was a different story."[160] In a remarkable comeback from injury that had threatened his career, Ronaldo led Brazil to their record fifth World Cup title, receiving the Golden Boot as top scorer with eight goals.[161] Many publications regarded his personal triumph as "redemption" for what occurred at the previous World Cup.[135][161][162][163] Ronaldo spoke about his obsession with lifting the World Cup trophy, having missed out in 1998. "I used to visualise the trophy in front of my eyes and imagine what a wonderful feeling it must be to hold it up in the air. It was a fabulous feeling actually to hold it in my hands and kiss it."[136] Dubbed the "three R's", Ronaldo starred in a formidable attack alongside Rivaldo and Ronaldinho, and the trio were named in the FIFA World Cup All-Star Team.[135][164]
Ronaldo scored against every opponent in the tournament except in the quarter-finals against England.[165] The match-winner against Turkey in the semi-final, with the winning goal a toe-poke finish with little back-lift while on the run – a finish he learned while playing futsal in his youth – the final whistle saw fans behind the goal hoist huge white letters to spell out his name, akin to the Hollywood Sign.[135][166] Much attention was on his haircut – in which his head was shaved except the forelock – done as a deliberate distraction to shift media attention away from a leg injury. He revealed that "when I arrived in training with this haircut everybody stopped talking about the injury".[167] In the final against Germany in Yokohama, Japan, Ronaldo scored twice in Brazil's 2–0 win and tied Pelé's Brazilian record of 12 career World Cup goals.[168] Ronaldo was the first player to seek out German players to offer his condolences,[162] before he was congratulated by Pelé when receiving his World Cup winners medal.[169] Gérard Saillant, the French surgeon who operated on Ronaldo's knee, was in the crowd as his guest, and stated after the game; "This gives hope to everyone who is injured, even those who aren't sportsmen, to see that by fighting you can make it. He's back to where he was; it's hugely satisfying and I am very moved."[170]
Ronaldo received a number of accolades for his achievement, including the Laureus World Sports Award for Comeback of the Year and the BBC World Sport Star of the Year, and in December 2002 he dedicated his third FIFA World Player of the Year award to the medical team which helped him recover.[171][172][173] In a 2017 interview with Fox Sports, Ronaldo stated, "the best team I played in was the Brazilian one in 2002, we felt that we could always score. It was a team without any vanity, or individuals. The collective was important."[174]
2006 FIFA World Cup
[edit]
On 2 June 2004, Ronaldo scored an unusual hat-trick of penalties for Brazil against arch-rivals Argentina in a 2006 World Cup qualifying match, which put them top of the group.[175] With 10 goals in 15 games, including a goal against Venezuela in the last game to secure first place, Ronaldo was the South American top scorer in Brazil's qualifying campaign.[176] Prior to the tournament, questions were asked of his weight and fitness,[177][178] but was declared fit for Brazil's opening match with Croatia.[179]
At the 2006 World Cup, Ronaldo was part of a much-publicized "magic quartet" alongside Adriano, Ronaldinho and Kaká.[180][181] The all-star Brazilian team was promoted as masters of Joga Bonito, "the beautiful game", which was advertised by Nike before the tournament.[182][183] Although Brazil won their first two group games against Croatia and Australia, Ronaldo was repeatedly jeered for being overweight and slow,[184] but coach Carlos Alberto Parreira kept him in the starting lineup.[185]
With two goals against Japan in the third match, Ronaldo became the 20th player to score in three World Cups and also equalled the all-time World Cup finals scoring record of fourteen, held by Gerd Müller (Ronaldo scored at France 98, Korea/Japan 2002 and Germany 2006).[185] He then broke Müller's record in the Round of 16 match against Ghana by scoring his fifteenth-career World Cup goal.[72][186] With his third goal of the tournament, Ronaldo became only the second player ever, after Jürgen Klinsmann, to score at least three goals in each of three World Cups.[187] Brazil, however, were knocked out by France 1–0 with a goal by striker Thierry Henry in the quarter-finals.[188] Ronaldo was awarded the Bronze Shoe as the third-highest goal-scorer of the World Cup.[189]
Having been listed in Guinness World Records, Ronaldo stated, "I am proud of my career and of the records I set. But I know that one day they will be broken."[190] Ronaldo and Klinsmann's shared record of at least three goals in three separate World Cup finals was broken by German striker Miroslav Klose, who has a record of at least four goals in each of three tournaments, having netted five at both the 2002 and 2006 finals, and four at the 2010 tournament.[191] Ronaldo finished with fifteen goals in nineteen World Cup matches, for an average of 0.79 per game.[192] His teammate Kaká reflected, "Ronaldo is the best player I have ever played with. I have seen il Fenomeno do things nobody else has ever done."[193]
Farewell match and sporadic appearances
[edit]
In February 2011, it was announced that Ronaldo would be given one last match for Brazil, a friendly against Romania in São Paulo on 7 June 2011, five years after his last match with the national team.[194] Brazilian Football Confederation official Ricardo Teixeira stated that it was fitting that his final game should take place in Brazil while representing his nation.[195]
Ronaldo played for 15 minutes in a match that ended with a Brazilian victory with a goal from Fred.[196] Fred celebrated his goal with Ronaldo's famous 'finger wag' celebration along with his Brazilian teammates. Ronaldo was introduced after 30 minutes, partnering 19-year-old Neymar in attack, and had three shots on target which were saved by the Romanian goalkeeper Ciprian Tătărușanu.[197] After the first half ended, Ronaldo made a farewell speech to the crowd.[197] With 62 goals for Brazil Ronaldo retired from international football as the second-highest goalscorer for his country, behind only Pelé (Neymar has since surpassed Pelé, with Ronaldo the third-highest scorer as of September 2023).[198][199]
On 13 December 2011 Ronaldo and Zinedine Zidane played a charity match with their friends against former and current players of the German team Hamburg in the ninth edition of the Match Against Poverty series, which Ronaldo and Zidane established in 2003.[200][201][202] In December 2012, Ronaldo and Zidane reunited for the Match Against Poverty in Porto Alegre, Portugal, with the field littered with World Cup winners from France and Brazil, which also saw 1982 World Cup star Zico (Ronaldo's childhood idol) turn out for Ronaldo's team.[203] In January 2013, Ronaldo was named one of the six ambassadors of the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil.[204]
Ronaldo was chosen as a goodwill ambassador for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 2000 as he had the highest global appeal among sportspeople, and he accepted the role as he saw it as "an obligation" to help with causes around the world.[205] Ronaldo played in the UNDP's 11th Match Against Poverty on 4 March 2014 against a Zidane XI in Bern, Switzerland, with proceeds raised helping the recovery efforts in the Philippines in the wake of Typhoon Haiyan.[206] Joined by Didier Drogba in attack, Ronaldo scored a hat-trick in the next year's match on 21 April 2015 in St Etienne, France, with proceeds going towards the African countries most affected by the Ebola epidemic.[207][208]
On 14 June 2018, Ronaldo featured at the 2018 FIFA World Cup opening ceremony held at the Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, Russia.[209] He walked out with a child wearing a Russia 2018 shirt at the beginning, and returned at the end of the ceremony with the official ball of the 2018 World Cup – Adidas Telstar 18 – which was sent into space with the International Space Station crew in March and came back to Earth in early June.[209]
Style of play and legacy
[edit]Ronaldo is regarded as one of the greatest and most complete forwards of all time.[72][80][210] Nicknamed Il (or O) Fenomeno (the phenomenon),[211] he was a prolific goalscorer, and despite being more of an individualistic attacker, he was also capable of providing assists for his teammates, due to his vision, passing and crossing ability.[80][212][213] He was an extremely powerful, fast, and technical player, with excellent movement, as well as being a composed finisher.[214][215][216] Highly regarded for his technical ability, Ronaldo was able to use both feet, despite being naturally right footed,[217][218] and is considered one of the most skillful dribblers in the game.[219] Ronaldo would also operate outside the penalty area before running with the ball towards goal,[72][80] with Rob Smyth writing, "he played like every attack had a 10-second deadline.. he would explode into life with no warning for defenders."[29] He frequently beat several players when dribbling at speed, and excelled in one on one situations, due to his ball control, acceleration, agility, balance and nimble footwork in his prime.[72][80][210][219]
His coach at Barcelona, Bobby Robson, commented: "Ronaldo could start from the halfway line and the whole stadium would ignite. He was the fastest thing I've ever seen running with the ball. Had he managed to stay free of injury, he had every chance of becoming the best footballer ever."[29] In one on one situations, Ronaldo often used elaborate feints to trick and beat defenders and goalkeepers; he popularised the use of many football tricks such as the elastico and the step over.[72][80][220] Sid Lowe of Sports Illustrated wrote, "When he was one on one with the goalkeeper, you knew that he would score. He was so natural, so cool, so utterly in control. He would dip the shoulder, step over, and bang!"[42]
His Barcelona teammate Óscar García observed, "I'd never seen anyone play football with such technical ability, creativity and precision at that incredible speed. What stood out to all of us, from the moment we met Ronnie, was that he could do things which other players found very difficult and make them look easy. But he could also produce those things while running at an unbelievable, explosive pace."[39] With his combination of speed, skill and finishing Ronaldinho called Ronaldo "the most complete striker there has ever been", a view echoed by Zlatan Ibrahimović, who stated, "as a football player, he was complete. There will never, in my view, be a better player than him."[221] The goalscoring idol of Lionel Messi, the Argentine states "Ronaldo was the best striker I've ever seen. He was so fast he could score from nothing."[222] Wanting to emulate Ronaldo growing up, Egypt and Liverpool forward Mohamed Salah opined, "The ability, the speed, the intelligence, he had everything".[223] Naming Ronaldo as an inspiration, Wayne Rooney stated, "as an out-and-out forward he was probably the best."[224] The outstanding influence for a generation of strikers, from Karim Benzema to Sergio Agüero, with Romelu Lukaku stating "he changed the dimension of a striker" and could "dribble like a winger, run like a sprinter", Zlatan added, "nobody influenced football and the players who emerged as much as Ronaldo".[225]
Ronaldo, as so many of those who looked up to him acknowledge, changed what it is to be a centre-forward. Every time you see a striker who is expected to hold the ball up, beat players, win headers, shoot from range, drop deep, do everything a striker can possibly do – it might be worth remembering him. He shifted boundaries, challenged convention, just as much as Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo have altered our perceptions of what a winger might be. Ronaldo, the original Ronaldo, inspired a phalanx of imitators, players we see on our screens every weekend. But he also turned the game so that it will always look just a little bit like him. More than most, he made that No. 9 his own.
Emilio Butragueño stated, "Ronaldo creates a goalscoring opportunity where it doesn't exist. Most strikers need the midfielders and their teammates, but he does not."[226] On his speed of thought, Kaká said "For me the best players are those who are able to think of a play and execute it quickest and in the best way possible, and Ronaldo was the best at that. The speed of thought he had – and the speed he had to carry out his actions – were perfect."[226] Ronaldo was also a strong and powerful player who could shield the ball from the opposition, with former Italian defender Alessandro Nesta (who faced Ronaldo in a high-profile one on one duel in the 1998 UEFA Cup final which was billed as "the best attacker against the best defender in Serie A") stating: "It was the worst experience of my career. Ronaldo is the hardest attacker I've ever had to face."[227] Asked who was the toughest opponent of his career, Fabio Cannavaro responded, "I have no doubt, Ronaldo, the phenomenon. For my generation he was what Maradona or Pelé were for the previous ones. He was unmarkable."[228] Sid Lowe compared Ronaldo's ability to take on a number of opponents on a single run to what rugby player Jonah Lomu was doing in the same era.[42] Regarding Ronaldo's influence on the evolution of the centre-forward role, French former forward Thierry Henry said: "He did things nobody had seen before. He, together with Romário and George Weah, reinvented the centre-forward position. They were the first to drop from the box to pick up the ball in midfield, switch to the flanks, attract and disorientate the central defenders with their runs, their accelerations, their dribbling."[229]
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Comparing his natural ability to Roger Federer, Paul MacDonald of Goal wrote, "there's a joy to be had watching something we know to be extremely difficult executed with considerable ease. Ronaldo in his prime was able to do that better than anyone who has ever played the game."[230] A reliance on his superior innate ability is given as a reason for his application in training often not being as high as his teammates – though his knee issues may also have been a factor – with his Brazil teammate Emerson stating "Ronaldo felt he didn't need to work as hard as us, that he could do in two days what the rest of us would take ten days to do. And usually, he was right".[230] On his precocious talent – a talent which saw him become the youngest FIFA World Player of the Year at age 20, and youngest Ballon d'Or recipient aged 21 – Rob Smyth of The Guardian wrote in 2016, "Ronaldo is easily the best of the past 30 years, possibly ever. The other Ronaldo and Messi were brilliant teenagers but had nothing like the same impact at that age. Only Pelé, Diego Maradona and George Best can really compare."[29] Asked to name the best player of his lifetime, José Mourinho said, "Ronaldo, El Fenomeno. Cristiano Ronaldo and Leo Messi have had longer careers. They have remained at the top every day for 15 years. However, if we are talking strictly about talent and skill, nobody surpasses Ronaldo."[231] Mikaël Silvestre states, "I played against [Lionel] Messi and I played with Cristiano at Manchester United, but he [Ronaldo] is something else in terms of speed. Cristiano, maybe you can guess that he has three or four tricks he would use most of the time, but Ronaldo, it was always something different. He was inventing things on the spot, so you can't guide him left or right because he's going to get out of these situations, no matter what".[232] In 2020, Ronaldo was named in the Ballon d'Or Dream Team, a greatest all-time XI published by France Football magazine.[233]
"There were two Ronaldos: the one that returned after long-term injury in 2002 was a great goalscorer, but the 1990s version was a great everything. At his fearsome peak for PSV, Barcelona and Inter Milan he was arguably the most dangerous striker the world has ever seen."
At his physical peak in the 1990s, Ronaldo became severely affected by the knee injuries he suffered from late 1999 onward and the subsequent weight gain during his inactivity, which limited his speed, fitness, and mobility.[80][214] According to his physiotherapist Nilton Petrone, Ronaldo was vulnerable to injury due to a medical condition combined with his explosive running. "Ronaldo had a problem called trochlear dysplasia. This makes the relationship between the kneecap and the femur a bit unstable. There is no direct surgery for that so the kneecap keeps, for a lack of a better word, "dancing" on the femur. Ronaldo's injuries weren't because his body was weak, but because of his explosive capacity. He didn't just run fast in a straight line, he also changed direction at incredible speed. Ronaldo moved from left to right very fast...so it was obvious, by the way that he played, that injuries were always a possibility".[61] Acknowledging "he was never quite the same" after his knee injury in 2000, with "his pace and sheer brute force diminished in comparison to The Phenomenon" in the 1990s, FourFourTwo magazine ranked him the best player at the 2002 World Cup, adding "he was still a cut above the rest" in the tournament.[234]
Club ownership
[edit]Real Valladolid
[edit]
In September 2018, Ronaldo became the majority owner of La Liga club Real Valladolid after buying a 51% controlling stake in the club for €30 million.[235][236] At his unveiling as the club's new owner at Valladolid city hall, Ronaldo stated, "I have gone through many stages in my training in football to prepare for this. Football is all about passion. We want to build the best team possible to compete while also giving information about our management with transparency."[236]
Cruzeiro
[edit]In December 2021, Ronaldo bought a controlling stake in his boyhood club Cruzeiro. Investing 400 million reais ($70 million) in the club, Ronaldo stated he wants to "give back to Cruzeiro and take them where they deserve to be."[237]
On 30 April 2024, an announcement was made that Ronaldo had agreed to sell his ownership stake for undisclosed terms to BPW Sports company. The announcement also noted that Ronaldo would continue to be on the club's board of directors.[238]
Outside football
[edit]Personal life
[edit]
In 1997, Ronaldo met the Brazilian model and actress Susana Werner on the set of the Brazilian telenovela Malhação when they acted together in three episodes.[239][240] Although they never married, they began a long-term relationship and lived together in Milan until the beginning of 1999.[241]
In December 1999, Ronaldo married Brazilian footballer Milene Domingues, at the time pregnant with the couple's first son, Ronald, who was born in Milan, on 6 April 2000.[242] The marriage lasted four years. In 2005, Ronaldo became engaged to Brazilian model and MTV VJ Daniella Cicarelli, who became pregnant but suffered a miscarriage; the relationship lasted only three months after their luxurious wedding at the Château de Chantilly. The ceremony reportedly cost £700,000 (€896,000).[243]
Despite his fame – a 2003 poll by Nike listed him the world's most famous sportsperson (and third most famous person overall) – Ronaldo is protective of his privacy, including with teammates, stating in an interview with The Telegraph, "each [player] has his own private life, and no one thinks about anyone else's private life. Or talks about it."[75] By 2003 he was fluent in Portuguese, Spanish and Italian, and had a good understanding of English.[75]
In a 2005 interview with Folha de S.Paulo, Ronaldo revealed that, somewhat unexpectedly, he identified racially as white,[244] generating a wider conversation about the complex role of race in Brazil.[245][246][247] Ronaldo's father, Nelio Nazario, stated, "He knows full well that he's black. Actually, at the time, I thought it was some philosophy, something to that effect. Because he knows he's black."[246] According to a study led by geneticist Sérgio Pena of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, most Brazilians often have a misconception about their roots. "The maternal ancestry of the Brazilian white was one-third African, one third Amerindian, and one third European. An individual who considers himself white may be genomically more African than an individual who considers himself to be brown or black."[246]
In April 2008, Ronaldo was involved in a scandal involving three travesti prostitutes whom he met in a nightclub in Rio de Janeiro.[248] Ronaldo claimed that upon discovering that they were legally male, he offered them $600 to leave.[249] One of the three attempted to blackmail Ronaldo, while the other two admitted to lying about having sex with him.[250] Ronaldo's engagement to Maria Beatriz Antony was immediately halted,[251] but resumed shortly after and they married in the same year. Maria Beatriz Antony gave birth to their first daughter, named Maria Sophia, in Rio de Janeiro, on 24 December 2008. In April 2009, the family moved to a new penthouse in São Paulo.[252] On 6 April 2010, Maria Beatriz Antony gave birth to their second daughter. The girl, born in São Paulo, was named Maria Alice, and was born exactly 10 years after her older brother Ronald.[253]
In December 2010, Ronaldo and his family moved to a new mansion in São Paulo.[254] Also in December, Ronaldo took a paternity test and was confirmed to be the father of a boy named Alexander, born in April 2005. The boy was born after a brief relationship between Ronaldo and Michele Umezu, a Brazilian waitress who Ronaldo first met in Tokyo in 2002.[255][256] After the confirmation of his fourth child, Ronaldo stated on 6 December 2010 that he had had a vasectomy, feeling that having four children was enough.[257] Ronaldo and Maria Beatriz Antony divorced in 2012.[258]
In a 2011 interview with the BBC, former Real Madrid teammate Steve McManaman spoke about Ronaldo's personality. "He could go in a restaurant, and I could go in with him, and you're not just there with close friends. He invites everybody. You'd be at a table with him and it'd be a judge sitting opposite talking to a politician with someone off the street listening in. So he just had this amazing aura, where everyone wanted to join him. Sometimes there'd be 20 to 30 people sitting at meal times with him. He was a wonderful person. Everybody would second that, no matter what club he played for."[259]
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Ronaldo was the co-owner of A1 Team Brazil, along with former F1 driver Emerson Fittipaldi.[260] Ronaldo co-owns the sports marketing company 9INE, with his friend, mixed martial artist Anderson Silva, one of his clients.[261][262] A keen poker player, in April 2013 Ronaldo became a member of PokerStars SportStar, and in 2014 he played a charity poker tournament against tennis star Rafael Nadal.[263] On 11 December 2014, Ronaldo became a minority owner of the Fort Lauderdale Strikers of the North American Soccer League.[264][265] In 2015, Ronaldo opened eight new branches of his youth football school – the Ronaldo Academy – in China, the U.S. and Brazil, with 100 expected to be opened worldwide by 2020.[266][267] In 2017, Ronaldo's son, Ronald, was selected for the junior football team representing Brazil in the 2017 Maccabiah Games.[268] The Maccabiah is described as "the Jewish Olympics"; Ronald is not Jewish, but some participating countries have more relaxed rules about eligibility and Ronald is a member of a Jewish football club.[268]
In January 2023, Ronaldo announced his fifth engagement, to model and businesswoman Celina Locks.[269][270] Ronaldo and Locks went on to marry in July of the same year.[271]
Religion
[edit]A practicing Catholic, Ronaldo was baptized into the faith in 2023.[272] He donated a signed football to Pope Francis in 2014, which is now housed in the Vatican Museums.[273]
Media
[edit]Ronaldo appeared in The Simpsons season 18 episode "Marge Gamer" broadcast in April 2007.[274] Simon Crerar of The Times listed Ronaldo's performance as one of the thirty-three funniest cameos in the history of the show.[275] Ronaldo made a cameo appearance in Mike Bassett: England Manager (2001) and each film of the Goal! film trilogy, Goal! (2005), Goal II: Living the Dream (2007) and Goal III: Taking on the World (2009).[276] Archive footage of Ronaldo features in the music video "We Are One (Ole Ola)", the official song of the 2014 World Cup by Pitbull and Jennifer Lopez.[277]
Ronaldo has appeared in various commercials, from Snickers chocolate bar to Pirelli tyres.[278][279] Ronaldo's usual goal celebration of both arms outstretched – especially from his early career – was the basis for Pirelli's 1998 commercial where he replaced the figure of Christ from the Christ the Redeemer statue that towers over his home city of Rio de Janeiro while in an Inter Milan strip.[280] It was controversial with the Catholic Church.[279] Released in 2000 for the PlayStation and Game Boy Color, the video game Ronaldo V-Football was exclusively endorsed by Ronaldo.[281] In 2017 Ronaldo was added as an icon to the Ultimate Team in EA Sports' FIFA video game FIFA 18, receiving a 95 rating along with Brazilian compatriot Pelé, Argentine playmaker Diego Maradona, former Russian goalkeeper Lev Yashin and former French star Thierry Henry.[282] Ronaldo also appears as the cover athlete on the Icon edition of the game.[283][284]
In May 2021, DAZN released the first of a six-part series titled Ronaldo: El Presidente. The series takes viewers inside the day-to-day running of Real Valladolid, revealing every challenge and triumph in Valladolid's first full season under their Brazilian president, intercut with parallel narratives detailing the highs and lows of Ronaldo's own playing career.[285]
Nike sponsorship
[edit]"Ronaldo is the most global of all athletes today, bar none."
Ronaldo has been sponsored by sportswear company Nike since the early part of his career. In 1996, Nike signed Ronaldo to a 10-year contract and to a lifetime endorsement deal worth over $180 million.[286] Nicknamed R9 (his initial and shirt number),[211] Ronaldo is closely associated with the original Nike Mercurial R9 that was designed for him for the 1998 FIFA World Cup.[287][288] To celebrate 15 years of the boot, Nike created a Mercurial Vapor IX inspired by the 1998 design, with Phil McCartney, VP of Football Footwear for Nike, stating; "Ronaldo's impact on the game 15 years ago was immense, and in the run up to 2014, we wanted to celebrate that boot and the man himself. We thought a modern construction of his 1998 boot would be a great commemoration of that moment."[287] In 2018, Ronaldo's R9 Mercurial boots inspired the Nike Mercurial Superfly VI boots commissioned for Kylian Mbappé.[289] Unveiled in 2000, a bronze statue of Ronaldo is located next to Ronaldo Field at Nike headquarters in Beaverton, Oregon.[290]
Ronaldo has appeared in a series of Nike commercials. He starred in the 1996 Nike commercial titled "Good vs Evil" in a gladiatorial game set in a Roman amphitheatre. Appearing alongside football players from around the world, including Paolo Maldini, Eric Cantona, Luís Figo, Patrick Kluivert and Jorge Campos, they defend "the beautiful game" against a team of demonic warriors, destroying evil by winning the match.[291] In 1998, he featured in a Nike commercial set in an airport with a number of stars from the Brazil national team, including Romário and Roberto Carlos.[292] In the run-up to the 2002 World Cup in Korea and Japan, he starred in Nike's "Secret Tournament" commercial (branded "Scopion KO") directed by Terry Gilliam, appearing alongside football players such as Thierry Henry, Fabio Cannavaro, Francesco Totti, Ronaldinho and Hidetoshi Nakata, with former player Eric Cantona as the tournament "referee".[293][294] In the run-up to the 2014 World Cup, Ronaldo starred as a mentor in Nike's Risk Everything animated commercial with a host of current players in the Nike stable.[295]
Career statistics
[edit]Club
[edit]| Club | Season | League | State league[a] | National cup[b] | Continental | Other | Total | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Division | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | ||
| Cruzeiro | 1993 | Série A | 14 | 12 | 2 | 0 | — | 4 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 21 | 20 | |
| 1994 | Série A | — | 18 | 22 | — | 8 | 2 | — | 26 | 24 | ||||
| Total | 14 | 12 | 20 | 22 | — | 12 | 10 | 1 | 0 | 47 | 44 | |||
| PSV | 1994–95 | Eredivisie | 33 | 30 | — | 1 | 2 | 2[c] | 3 | — | 36 | 35 | ||
| 1995–96 | Eredivisie | 13 | 12 | — | 3 | 1 | 5[c] | 6 | — | 21 | 19 | |||
| Total | 46 | 42 | — | 4 | 3 | 7 | 9 | — | 57 | 54 | ||||
| Barcelona | 1996–97 | La Liga | 37 | 34 | — | 4 | 6 | 7[d] | 5 | 1[e] | 2 | 49 | 47 | |
| Inter Milan | 1997–98 | Serie A | 32 | 25 | — | 4 | 3 | 11[c] | 6 | — | 47 | 34 | ||
| 1998–99 | Serie A | 19 | 14 | — | 2 | 0 | 6[f] | 1 | 1[g] | 0 | 28 | 15 | ||
| 1999–2000 | Serie A | 7 | 3 | — | 1 | 0 | — | — | 8 | 3 | ||||
| 2000–01 | Serie A | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | — | 0 | 0 | |||
| 2001–02 | Serie A | 10 | 7 | — | 1 | 0 | 5[c] | 0 | — | 16 | 7 | |||
| Total | 68 | 49 | — | 8 | 3 | 22 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 99 | 59 | |||
| Real Madrid | 2002–03 | La Liga | 31 | 23 | — | 1 | 0 | 11[f] | 6 | 1[h] | 1 | 44 | 30 | |
| 2003–04 | La Liga | 32 | 24 | — | 5 | 2 | 9[f] | 4 | 2[i] | 1 | 48 | 31 | ||
| 2004–05 | La Liga | 34 | 21 | — | 1 | 0 | 10[f] | 3 | — | 45 | 24 | |||
| 2005–06 | La Liga | 23 | 14 | — | 2 | 1 | 2[f] | 0 | — | 27 | 15 | |||
| 2006–07 | La Liga | 7 | 1 | — | 2 | 1 | 4[f] | 2 | — | 13 | 4 | |||
| Total | 127 | 83 | — | 11 | 4 | 36 | 15 | 3 | 2 | 177 | 104 | |||
| AC Milan | 2006–07 | Serie A | 14 | 7 | — | — | — | — | 14 | 7 | ||||
| 2007–08 | Serie A | 6 | 2 | — | — | — | — | 6 | 2 | |||||
| Total | 20 | 9 | — | — | — | — | 20 | 9 | ||||||
| Corinthians | 2009 | Série A | 20 | 12 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 3 | — | — | 38 | 23 | ||
| 2010 | Série A | 11 | 6 | 9 | 3 | — | 7[j] | 3 | — | 27 | 12 | |||
| 2011 | Série A | — | 2 | 0 | — | 2[j] | 0 | — | 4 | 0 | ||||
| Total | 31 | 18 | 21 | 11 | 8 | 3 | 9 | 3 | — | 69 | 35 | |||
| Career total | 343 | 247 | 41 | 33 | 35 | 19 | 93 | 49 | 6 | 4 | 518 | 352 | ||
- ^ Includes Campeonato Mineiro, Campeonato Paulista
- ^ Includes KNVB Cup, Copa del Rey, Coppa Italia, Copa do Brasil
- ^ a b c d Appearances in UEFA Cup
- ^ Appearances in UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
- ^ Appearance in Supercopa de España
- ^ a b c d e f Appearances in UEFA Champions League
- ^ Appearance in Serie A UEFA Cup qualification
- ^ Appearance in Intercontinental Cup
- ^ Appearances in Supercopa de España
- ^ a b Appearances in Copa Libertadores
International
[edit]| Team | Year | Competitive | Friendly | Total | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | ||
| Brazil[296] | 1994 | — | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | |
| 1995 | 1[a] | 0 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 3 | |
| 1996 | — | 4 | 5 | 4 | 5 | ||
| 1997 | 11[b] | 9 | 9 | 6 | 20 | 15 | |
| 1998 | 7[c] | 4 | 3 | 1 | 10 | 5 | |
| 1999 | 6[d] | 5 | 4 | 2 | 10 | 7 | |
| 2000 | — | — | — | ||||
| 2001 | — | — | — | ||||
| 2002 | 7[e] | 8 | 5 | 3 | 12 | 11 | |
| 2003 | 4[f] | 3 | 4 | 0 | 8 | 3 | |
| 2004 | 7[g] | 6 | 4 | 0 | 11 | 6 | |
| 2005 | 4[h] | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | |
| 2006 | 5[i] | 3 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 5 | |
| 2007 | — | — | — | ||||
| 2008 | — | — | — | ||||
| 2009 | — | — | — | ||||
| 2010 | — | — | — | ||||
| 2011 | — | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Total | 52 | 39 | 46 | 23 | 98 | 62 | |
Notes
- ^ Appearance in the 1995 Copa América
- ^ Six appearances and five goals in the 1997 Copa América, five appearances and four goals in the 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup
- ^ Appearances in the 1998 FIFA World Cup
- ^ Appearances in the 1999 Copa América
- ^ Appearances in the 2002 FIFA World Cup
- ^ Appearances in the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification
- ^ Appearances in the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification
- ^ Appearances in the 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification
- ^ Appearances in the 2006 FIFA World Cup
- Scores and results list Brazil's goal tally first.[199]
| ‡ | Goal scored by penalty |
|---|
| No. | Cap | Date | Venue | Opponent | Score | Result | Competition | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 4 May 1994 | Estádio da Ressacada, Florianópolis, Brazil |  Iceland |
1–0 | 3–0 | Friendly | [297] |
| 2 | 8 | 11 June 1995 | Wembley Stadium, London, England |  England |
2–1 | 3–1 | Umbro Cup | [298] |
| 3 | 10 | 11 October 1995 | Estádio de Pituaçu, Salvador, Brazil |  Uruguay |
1–0 | 2–0 | Friendly | [299] |
| 4 | 2–0 | |||||||
| 5 | 11 | 28 August 1996 | Central Dynamo Stadium, Moscow, Russia |  Russia |
2–2‡ | 2–2 | Friendly | [300] |
| 6 | 13 | 16 October 1996 | Albertão, Teresina, Brazil |  Lithuania |
1–0 | 3–1 | Friendly | [301] |
| 7 | 2–1 | |||||||
| 8 | 3–1 | |||||||
| 9 | 14 | 18 December 1996 | Vivaldão, Manaus, Brazil |  Bosnia and Herzegovina |
1–0 | 1–0 | Friendly | [302] |
| 10 | 15 | 26 February 1997 | Estádio Serra Dourada, Goiânia, Brazil |  Poland |
3–0 | 4–2 | Friendly | [303] |
| 11 | 4–0 | |||||||
| 12 | 16 | 2 April 1997 | Estádio Nacional Mané Garrincha, Brasília, Brazil |  Chile |
1–0 | 4–0 | Friendly | [304] |
| 13 | 3–0 | |||||||
| 14 | 20 | 8 June 1997 | Stade de Gerland, Lyon, France |  Italy |
2–3 | 3–3 | 1997 Tournoi de France | [305] |
| 15 | 22 | 13 June 1997 | Estadio Ramón Tahuichi Aguilera, Santa Cruz, Bolivia |  Costa Rica |
3–0 | 5–0 | 1997 Copa América | [306] |
| 16 | 4–0 | |||||||
| 17 | 25 | 22 June 1997 | Estadio Ramón Tahuichi Aguilera, Santa Cruz, Bolivia |  Paraguay |
1–0 | 2–0 | 1997 Copa América | [307] |
| 18 | 2–0 | |||||||
| 19 | 27 | 29 June 1997 | Estadio Hernando Siles, La Paz, Bolivia |  Bolivia |
2–1 | 3–1 | 1997 Copa América | [308] |
| 20 | 28 | 10 August 1997 | Seoul Olympic Stadium, Seoul, South Korea |  South Korea |
1–1‡ | 2–1 | Friendly | [309] |
| 21 | 33 | 19 December 1997 | King Fahd International Stadium, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |  Czech Republic |
2–0 | 2–0 | 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup | [310] |
| 22 | 34 | 21 December 1997 | King Fahd International Stadium, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia |  Australia |
1–0 | 6–0 | 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup | [311] |
| 23 | 2–0 | |||||||
| 24 | 5–0 | |||||||
| 25 | 35 | 25 March 1998 | Gottlieb-Daimler-Stadion, Stuttgart, Germany |  Germany |
2–1 | 2–1 | Friendly | [312] |
| 26 | 39 | 16 June 1998 | Stade de la Beaujoire, Nantes, France |  Morocco |
1–0 | 3–0 | 1998 FIFA World Cup | [313] |
| 27 | 41 | 27 June 1998 | Parc des Princes, Paris, France | Chile |
3–0‡ | 4–1 | 1998 FIFA World Cup | [314] |
| 28 | 4–1 | |||||||
| 29 | 43 | 7 July 1998 | Stade Vélodrome, Marseille, France |  Netherlands |
1–0 | 1–1 (4–2 p) |
1998 FIFA World Cup | [315] |
| 30 | 45 | 26 June 1999 | Arena da Baixada, Curitiba, Brazil |  Latvia |
3–0 | 3–0 | Friendly | [316] |
| 31 | 46 | 30 June 1999 | Estadio Antonio Aranda, Ciudad del Este, Paraguay |  Venezuela |
1–0 | 7–0 | 1999 Copa América | [317] |
| 32 | 4–0 | |||||||
| 33 | 48 | 6 July 1999 | Estadio Antonio Aranda, Ciudad del Este, Paraguay | Chile |
1–0‡ | 1–0 | 1999 Copa América | [318] |
| 34 | 49 | 11 July 1999 | Estadio Antonio Aranda, Ciudad del Este, Paraguay |  Argentina |
2–1 | 2–1 | 1999 Copa América | [319] |
| 35 | 51 | 18 July 1999 | Estadio Defensores del Chaco, Asunción, Paraguay | Uruguay |
3–0 | 3–0 | 1999 Copa América | [320] |
| 36 | 53 | 7 September 1999 | Estádio Beira-Rio, Porto Alegre, Brazil | Argentina |
4–1 | 4–2 | Friendly | [321] |
| 37 | 57 | 25 May 2002 | Bukit Jalil National Stadium, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia |  Malaysia |
1–0 | 4–0 | Friendly | [322] |
| 38 | 58 | 3 June 2002 | Ulsan Munsu Football Stadium, Ulsan, South Korea |  Turkey |
1–1 | 2–1 | 2002 FIFA World Cup | [323] |
| 39 | 59 | 8 June 2002 | Jeju World Cup Stadium, Seogwipo, South Korea |  China |
4–0 | 4–0 | 2002 FIFA World Cup | [324] |
| 40 | 60 | 13 June 2002 | Suwon World Cup Stadium, Suwon, South Korea | Costa Rica |
1–0 | 5–2 | 2002 FIFA World Cup | [325] |
| 41 | 2–0 | |||||||
| 42 | 61 | 17 June 2002 | Noevir Stadium Kobe, Kobe, Japan |  Belgium |
2–0 | 2–0 | 2002 FIFA World Cup | [326] |
| 43 | 63 | 26 June 2002 | Saitama Stadium, Saitama, Japan | Turkey |
1–0 | 1–0 | 2002 FIFA World Cup | [327] |
| 44 | 64 | 30 June 2002 | Nissan Stadium, Yokohama, Japan | Germany |
1–0 | 2–0 | 2002 FIFA World Cup | [328] |
| 45 | 2–0 | |||||||
| 46 | 66 | 20 November 2002 | Seoul World Cup Stadium, Seoul, South Korea | South Korea |
1–1 | 3–2 | Friendly | [329] |
| 47 | 2–2 | |||||||
| 48 | 70 | 7 September 2003 | Estadio Metropolitano Roberto Meléndez, Barranquilla, Colombia |  Colombia |
1–0 | 2–1 | 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification | [330] |
| 49 | 74 | 18 November 2003 | Pinheirão, Curitiba, Brazil | Uruguay |
2–1 | 3–3 | 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification | [331] |
| 50 | 3–3 | |||||||
| 51 | 78 | 2 June 2004 | Mineirão, Belo Horizonte, Brazil | Argentina |
1–0‡ | 3–1 | 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification | [332] |
| 52 | 2–0‡ | |||||||
| 53 | 3–1‡ | |||||||
| 54 | 81 | 5 September 2004 | Estádio do Morumbi, São Paulo, Brazil | Bolivia |
1–0 | 3–1 | 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification | [333] |
| 55 | 83 | 9 October 2004 | Estadio José Pachencho Romero, Maracaibo, Venezuela | Venezuela |
3–0 | 5–2 | 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification | [334] |
| 56 | 4–0 | |||||||
| 57 | 90 | 12 October 2005 | Estádio Olímpico do Pará, Pará, Brazil | Venezuela |
2–0 | 3–0 | 2006 FIFA World Cup qualification | [335] |
| 58 | 91 | 1 March 2006 | RZD Arena, Moscow, Russia | Russia |
1–0 | 1–1 | Friendly | [336] |
| 59 | 92 | 4 June 2006 | Stade de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland |  New Zealand |
1–0 | 4–0 | Friendly | [337] |
| 60 | 95 | 22 June 2006 | Westfalenstadion, Dortmund, Germany |  Japan |
1–1 | 4–1 | 2006 FIFA World Cup | [338] |
| 61 | 4–1 | |||||||
| 62 | 96 | 27 June 2006 | Westfalenstadion, Dortmund, Germany |  Ghana |
1–0 | 3–0 | 2006 FIFA World Cup | [339] |
Honours
[edit]Cruzeiro
- Campeonato Mineiro: 1994[72]
PSV Eindhoven
Barcelona
Inter Milan
Real Madrid
Corinthians
Brazil U23
Brazil
- FIFA World Cup: 1994, 2002; runner-up: 1998[72]
- Copa América: 1997, 1999; runner-up: 1995[72]
- FIFA Confederations Cup: 1997[72]
Individual
- Supercopa Libertadores top scorer: 1993–94[348]
- Supercopa Libertadores Team of the Year: 1993–94[348]
- Campeonato Mineiro top scorer: 1993–94[348]
- Campeonato Mineiro Team of the Year: 1994[348]
- Eredivisie top scorer: 1994–95[30]
- FIFA World Player of the Year: 1996, 1997, 2002[72][349]
- Trofeo EFE La Liga Ibero-American Player of the Year: 1996–97, 2002–03[350]
- Pichichi Trophy: 1996–97, 2003–04[35]
- European Golden Shoe: 1996–97[351]
- World Soccer magazine World Player of the Year (3): 1996, 1997, 2002[352]
- Don Balón Award La Liga Foreign Player of the Year: 1996–97[353]
- Copa América Final Most Valuable Player: 1997[348]
- Copa América Most Valuable Player: 1997[141]
- FIFA Confederations Cup Bronze Boot: 1997[354]
- FIFA Confederations Cup All-Star Team: 1997
- UEFA Cup Winners' Cup Final Most Valuable Player: 1997
- Copa América All-Star Team: 1997, 1999[348]
- IFFHS World's Top Goal Scorer of the Year: 1997[355]
- Bravo Award: 1997, 1998[356]
- Onze d'Or: 1997, 2002[357]
- Ballon d'Or: 1997, 2002;[358] runner-up: 1996[359]
- European Sports Media ESM Team of the Year: 1996–97, 1997–98[360]
- FIFA XI: 1997, 1998[361]
- Serie A Footballer of the Year: 1998[49]
- Serie A Foreign Footballer of the Year: 1998[362]
- UEFA Cup Final Most Valuable Player: 1998[363]
- UEFA Club Footballer of the Year: 1997–98[364]
- UEFA Club Forward of the Year: 1997–98[364]
- FIFA World Cup Golden Ball: 1998[365]
- FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: 1998, 2002[164]
- FIFA World Cup top assist provider: 1998[366]
- Inter Milan Player of the Year: 1998[367]
- FIFA World Cup Golden Shoe: 2002[368]
- FIFA World Cup Silver Ball: 2002[368]
- FIFA World Cup Final Most Valuable Player: 2002[369]
- Intercontinental Cup Most Valuable Player: 2002[370]
- UEFA Team of the Year: 2002[371]
- BBC World Sport Star of the Year: 2002[372]
- Laureus World Sports Awards Comeback of the Year: 2003[172]
- Best Male Soccer Player ESPY Award: 2003[373]
- FIFA 100 (2004)[374]
- FIFA World Cup Bronze Boot: 2006[375]
- Brazilian Football Museum Hall of Fame: 2006[376]
- Golden Foot award: 2006[377]
- France Football magazine's all-time starting XI: 2007[348]
- Association of Football Statisticians (AFS) Top-100 Players of All Time: 2007. #2[378]
- Sports Illustrated Team of the Decade: 2009[379]
- Real Madrid Hall of Fame[380]
- Marca Leyenda: 2011[381]
- L'Équipe's top 50 South-American footballers in history: #5[382]
- Italian Football Hall of Fame: 2015[383]
- International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS) Legends[384]
- Inter Milan Hall of Fame: 2018[385]
- Globe Soccer Awards Player Career Award: 2018[386]
- Ballon d'Or Dream Team: 2020[387]
- IFFHS All-time Men's B Dream Team: 2021[388]
See also
[edit]References
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- ^ Hughes, Rob (10 June 1999). "He and Ronaldo Give Inter a Dynamic Duo : For Vieri, One More Change of the Jersey". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2015.
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External links
[edit]
- Ronaldo at Real Madrid (in English and Spanish)
- Ronaldo – FIFA competition record (archived)
- Ronaldo – UEFA competition record (archive)
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Ronaldo
View on GrokipediaEarly years
Childhood in Rio de Janeiro
Ronaldo Luís Nazário de Lima was born on September 18, 1976, in Itaguaí, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to parents Nélio Nazário de Lima and Sônia dos Santos Barata.[7][2] As the youngest of three children, he grew up primarily in the Bento Ribeiro neighborhood, a low-income suburb in northern Rio de Janeiro, where his family faced financial hardships typical of the area's working-class residents.[7][8] Ronaldo's family dynamics were shaped by early challenges; his father, who struggled with alcoholism, abandoned the family when Ronaldo was 11 years old, leaving his mother, Sônia, to raise the three children alone while working long hours as a cook and cleaner to support them.[2] In this environment, young Ronaldo took on responsibilities to help care for his older siblings—a brother and a sister—often contributing by running errands or assisting with household tasks amid the modest living conditions of their small home.[9] The socioeconomic pressures of Bento Ribeiro, characterized by limited opportunities and community reliance on informal economies, exposed Ronaldo to the realities of poverty, though the neighborhood was described as lower-middle-class without direct ties to slums.[10][8] From an early age, Ronaldo immersed himself in street football in the alleys and open spaces of Bento Ribeiro, where the game served as both recreation and escape in the urban landscape.[11] His natural talent caught the eye of local talent scouts at age 12, leading to his first organized football experience with the futsal team at Social Ramos Club in the neighborhood.[7] By age 14, he joined the youth team of São Cristóvão in the Carioca League, having been spotted by former Brazilian World Cup winner Jairzinho, who was coaching there and recognized his exceptional speed and skill during informal matches.[11] These early steps in structured play honed his abilities amid the vibrant street football culture of Rio, setting the foundation for his rapid rise.[10]Youth career and professional debut
Ronaldo began his organized football journey in the Bento Ribeiro neighborhood, joining the Social Ramos Club at the age of 12 in 1989, where he initially played futsal and quickly demonstrated exceptional talent by scoring 166 goals in his first season.[11] Despite coming from a family facing significant hardships in Bento Ribeiro, he progressed to São Cristóvão at age 14, transitioning to 11-a-side football.[12] His rapid development caught the attention of agents Reinaldo Pitta and Alexandre Martins, who secured a ten-year contract with him while he was still at São Cristóvão, positioning them to guide his early career moves.[9] At age 16 in early 1993, Ronaldo underwent a trial with Cruzeiro in Belo Horizonte, facilitated by Brazilian football legend Jairzinho, leading to his signing for approximately US$50,000 after impressing in youth assessments.[11] He joined Cruzeiro's youth setup, where he led the under-20 team to become top scorers in the Minas Gerais state championship and earned individual state youth awards for his prolific scoring.[11] These accomplishments highlighted his potential, with early interest emerging from European clubs; notably, Porto offered US$500,000 for his services later that year, though the bid was declined as Cruzeiro aimed to develop him further.[11] Ronaldo made his professional debut for Cruzeiro on May 25, 1993, at age 16, coming on as a substitute in a 1-0 victory over Caldense in the Minas Gerais State Championship, just three months after arriving at the club.[13] In the 1993–1994 season, he exploded onto the senior scene, scoring 44 goals in 47 appearances across all competitions, a remarkable tally that underscored his transition from youth prospect to professional standout.Club career
Cruzeiro (1993–1994)
Ronaldo made his professional debut for Cruzeiro on 25 May 1993, at the age of 16, in a Campeonato Mineiro match against Caldense, where he scored twice and became the youngest player to score for the club's senior team.[13] Over the course of the 1993–1994 season, he rapidly established himself as a key figure, scoring a total of 44 goals in 47 appearances across all competitions, a remarkable tally that showcased his explosive pace, dribbling ability, and finishing prowess.[14] His contributions were particularly standout in the Campeonato Mineiro, where he netted 20 goals in 21 games, helping Cruzeiro secure the state championship title in 1994.[11] One of Ronaldo's most memorable performances came on 5 October 1993, during a Supercopa Libertadores group stage match against Colo-Colo, in which he scored a hat-trick in Cruzeiro's 6–1 victory, becoming the youngest player to achieve a hat-trick in an international club competition at 17 years old.[13] He also played a pivotal role in Cruzeiro's successful 1993 Copa do Brasil campaign, their first-ever win in the competition, contributing goals including a standout five-goal haul in a 6–0 league win over Bahia on 7 November 1993, which highlighted his clinical finishing and ability to dominate defenses single-handedly.[14] These displays not only propelled Cruzeiro to domestic success but also drew widespread attention, marking Ronaldo as a generational talent. At just 17, Ronaldo faced significant adaptation challenges, balancing the intense physical demands of professional football—such as robust tackles from seasoned defenders—with burgeoning media scrutiny that turned him into a national sensation overnight.[11] His rapid rise culminated in a high-profile transfer to PSV Eindhoven in the summer of 1994 for a fee of approximately $6 million, a record for a teenager at the time and a testament to his immediate impact on Brazilian football.[14]PSV Eindhoven (1994–1996)
Ronaldo joined PSV Eindhoven from Cruzeiro in the summer of 1994 for a transfer fee of $6 million, marking his entry into European football at the age of 17.[13] Following his breakout performances in Brazil, where he had impressed as a winger, Ronaldo adapted quickly to the demands of the Dutch Eredivisie under manager Dick Advocaat.[15] In his debut season of 1994–1995, he exploded onto the scene, scoring 30 goals in 33 league appearances to claim the Eredivisie top scorer title and helping PSV secure a third-place finish.[16] Overall, across all competitions that year, he netted 35 goals in 36 matches, demonstrating explosive pace, dribbling skill, and clinical finishing that overwhelmed defenses.[17] During the 1995–1996 campaign, Ronaldo continued his prolific form despite a minor injury interruption, scoring 12 goals in just 13 Eredivisie games before departing in the summer.[16] He played a pivotal role in PSV's success, contributing to their victory in the KNVB Cup with a goal in the competition and earning widespread acclaim for his contributions.[7] In total, over two seasons, Ronaldo made 57 appearances for PSV, scoring 54 goals, including standout performances in European competitions such as a hat-trick against Bayer Leverkusen in the UEFA Cup, where he showcased his versatility with a penalty, a long-range strike, and a composed finish.[16][15] He also notched memorable goals against rivals like Ajax in league clashes, solidifying his reputation as a game-changer.[18] At PSV, Ronaldo fully transitioned into a central striker role, evolving from his earlier wide positioning in Brazil to a more focal point in attack, where his blend of speed, strength, and technique allowed him to lead the line with devastating effect.[15] This adaptation highlighted his growth into a complete forward, capable of dropping deep to initiate plays or bursting forward to score. Off the pitch, Ronaldo immersed himself in Dutch culture, learning the language to better integrate with teammates and the local community, while his extraordinary talent earned him the nickname "O Fenômeno" amid growing media hype across Europe.[17] His emergence at PSV not only propelled the club but also announced him as a global superstar in the making.[7]Barcelona (1996–1997)
Ronaldo joined Barcelona from PSV Eindhoven in the summer of 1996 for a then-world-record transfer fee of $19.5 million, arriving just before his 20th birthday under the guidance of new manager Bobby Robson.[12] The Brazilian striker quickly adapted to La Liga, forming a potent attacking partnership with Robson's tactical setup that emphasized his explosive pace and finishing, contributing to a revitalized Barcelona side after a trophyless previous season.[19] In the 1996–1997 La Liga season, Ronaldo scored 34 goals in 37 appearances, earning the Pichichi Trophy as the league's top scorer and helping Barcelona finish second behind Real Madrid.[20] His highlights included a memorable hat-trick in a 3–2 victory over Valencia, featuring a stunning solo run for the third goal that showcased his dribbling prowess and earned widespread acclaim.[21] Another standout moment was his iconic solo goal against Compostela in October 1996, where he weaved through multiple defenders before chipping the keeper, often regarded as one of the greatest individual goals in La Liga history.[22] Overall, Ronaldo netted 47 goals in 49 matches across all competitions, a remarkable tally that underscored his immediate impact.[23] Ronaldo's brilliance propelled Barcelona to success in cup competitions, including the Copa del Rey, where they defeated Real Betis 3–2 in the final, and the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, with Ronaldo scoring the decisive penalty in a 1–0 win over Paris Saint-Germain.[19] At just 20 years old, he was named the 1996 FIFA World Player of the Year, becoming the youngest recipient of the award and cementing his status as a global phenomenon.[24] His departure came abruptly after one season, as Barcelona sold him to Inter Milan in 1997 for a new world-record fee of $27 million following contract disputes, where the club reneged on renewal promises despite his stellar contributions.[25] Robson, who had advocated for Ronaldo's signing, expressed disappointment over the handling but praised the player's professionalism throughout.[26]Inter Milan: World record transfer and early success (1997–1999)
In the summer of 1997, Inter Milan president Massimo Moratti activated Ronaldo's buyout clause at Barcelona to secure the 20-year-old Brazilian striker for a world-record transfer fee of $27 million, surpassing the previous benchmark set by his own move to Barcelona a year earlier.[27] This deal, finalized in June amid reported tensions over Ronaldo's contract at the Catalan club, marked the second time in consecutive years that he shattered the global transfer record, a feat not achieved since Diego Maradona in the 1980s.[28] Arriving in Serie A, Europe's most defensively rigorous league at the time, Ronaldo quickly adapted under manager Luigi Simoni, who positioned him as the focal point of Inter's attack alongside midfield creators like Diego Simeone and Youri Djorkaeff.[29] Ronaldo's debut season (1997–1998) showcased his explosive pace, dribbling prowess, and clinical finishing, as he netted 25 goals in 28 Serie A appearances, helping Inter to a second-place finish behind Juventus.[28] Iconic moments included a solo run and goal against Juventus in a 1–0 victory in January 1998, where he evaded multiple defenders before slotting past Angelo Peruzzi, and a dazzling third goal in the UEFA Cup final against Lazio in May 1998, sealing a 3–0 win at the Parc des Princes and securing Inter's third title in the competition.[27] His integration with the team was seamless, as Simoni's tactical setup emphasized Ronaldo's ability to exploit spaces on the counter, leading to 34 goals across all competitions and earning him the Serie A Footballer of the Year award.[1] These performances culminated in Ronaldo winning the 1997 Ballon d'Or at age 21, making him the youngest recipient in history and the second Inter player to claim the award.[30] In Italy, he was affectionately dubbed "Il Fenomeno" by fans and media, a moniker reflecting his otherworldly talent and the awe he inspired on the pitch.[29] Following Brazil's run to the 1998 FIFA World Cup final, Ronaldo's profile soared, fueling a media frenzy that transformed him into a global icon and intensified scrutiny around his every move at Inter.[27]Inter Milan: Injury struggles and departure (1999–2002)
Ronaldo's time at Inter Milan took a dramatic turn in late 1999 when he suffered a severe knee injury during a Serie A match against Lecce on November 21, scoring in a 6–0 victory before collapsing with a ruptured patellar tendon in his right knee.[31] The injury required surgery in Paris, initially sidelining him for five months, but it marked the beginning of prolonged struggles that kept him out for much of the 1999–2000 season.[32] Just six minutes into his attempted comeback in the Coppa Italia final against Lazio on April 12, 2000, Ronaldo suffered an even more devastating blow, with his knee giving way completely and resulting in a full rupture of the patellar tendon.[33] This second injury, described by Ronaldo as feeling like his "knee had exploded," led to another surgery and a 16-month absence from competitive football, forcing him to miss the entire 2000–01 season.[32] Ronaldo made a tentative return in September 2001, scoring on his debut against Brescia, but ongoing pain and recovery challenges limited his involvement. In the 2001–02 season, he appeared in 10 Serie A matches for Inter, netting 7 goals despite persistent knee issues and weight gain from prolonged rehabilitation, which affected his mobility and stamina. Tensions arose with coach Marcello Lippi, who had taken over at Inter in 1999 and delayed Ronaldo's reintegration in early 2001 due to concerns over his fitness and excess weight after the long layoff, creating friction within the club.[32] Lippi's cautious approach, while aimed at protecting the player, highlighted Ronaldo's struggles to regain his pre-injury explosiveness, exacerbating frustrations as Inter failed to challenge for the Scudetto. The injuries took a heavy psychological toll on Ronaldo, with reports of depression emerging after the 2000 setback, as he grappled with doubts about ever returning to elite football and described the pain as so intense that "life began and ended on the pitch."[32] In reflections years later, Ronaldo linked these periods to broader mental health challenges, noting the lack of support for such issues in football at the time.[34] Amid ongoing recovery complications and club discord, Ronaldo departed Inter in August 2002 for Real Madrid in a €45 million transfer, ending his five-year stint in Italy on a note of unfulfilled potential.[35] The move, finalized just before the transfer deadline, allowed him to seek a fresh start away from the injuries that had defined his Nerazzurri years.Real Madrid: Galácticos integration and peak (2002–2005)
Ronaldo joined Real Madrid from Inter Milan in August 2002 for a transfer fee of €45 million, becoming the latest high-profile addition to the club's Galácticos era under president Florentino Pérez, which already featured stars like Zinedine Zidane, Luís Figo, and Roberto Carlos.[36] This move came shortly after his triumphant performance at the 2002 FIFA World Cup, where he had recovered from severe knee injuries sustained during his time at Inter to lead Brazil to victory.[1] His integration into the star-studded squad was seamless, as he adapted quickly to playing alongside elite midfield creators who provided service to his explosive finishing. Ronaldo made his Real Madrid debut on October 6, 2002, against Deportivo Alavés in La Liga, scoring a brace in a 5-1 victory and immediately announcing his return to peak form.[37] In his debut season (2002–2003), he netted 30 goals across 44 appearances in all competitions, including 23 in La Liga and a stunning hat-trick in a 3-0 win over Alavés on March 1, 2003, contributing significantly to Real Madrid's league title win—their 29th—and the 2002 Intercontinental Cup triumph, where he scored the opening goal in a 2-0 final victory over Olimpia of Paraguay.[38][39] His clinical finishing and speed revitalized the team's attack, forming dynamic partnerships with Zidane, whose visionary passes often unlocked defenses for Ronaldo, and Figo, who delivered precise crosses.[1] These performances earned Ronaldo his second Ballon d'Or in 2002, recognizing his World Cup heroics and early club contributions as the world's best player. The following season (2003–2004) saw him reach new heights, leading La Liga in scoring with 24 goals to claim the Pichichi Trophy.[40] With David Beckham's arrival in the summer of 2003, Ronaldo's role in the Galácticos' fluid attacking system further emphasized the era's emphasis on individual brilliance within a collective framework, though the team fell short of major silverware that year despite his personal dominance.[40]Real Madrid: Declining form and exit (2005–2007)
During the 2004–2005 season, Ronaldo scored 24 goals in 40 appearances across all competitions for Real Madrid, contributing significantly to the team's attack despite the club finishing fourth in La Liga and failing to win any major titles. Coach Vanderlei Luxemburgo publicly criticized Ronaldo's physical condition, accusing him of weight gain and lack of discipline, which strained their relationship and contributed to the coach's dismissal later that year.[41] In the 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 seasons, Ronaldo's form declined sharply due to recurring injuries and fitness problems, limiting him to just 15 goals in 69 total appearances across all competitions. His contract with Real Madrid expired at the end of the 2006–2007 campaign without renewal, as the club sought to rebuild amid ongoing concerns over his reliability.[42] Following Brazil's participation in the 2006 FIFA World Cup, Ronaldo returned to preseason training noticeably overweight at around 94 kg—10 kg more than during his 2002 World Cup triumph—and was promptly benched by new manager Fabio Capello, who viewed him as a disruptive influence due to his partying habits and refusal to adhere to a strict diet.[43] Capello, despite praising Ronaldo as the most talented player he ever coached, pushed for his exit, leading to a transfer to AC Milan in January 2007 for a fee of approximately €8 million.[44] Reflecting on this period later, Ronaldo admitted to personal struggles with his weight and lifestyle, stating he felt "defeated" by overeating and the emotional toll of his physical changes, which exacerbated his challenges at the club.[45]AC Milan (2007–2008)
Ronaldo's 2007–08 season at AC Milan was overshadowed by persistent injuries, limiting him to just nine appearances across all competitions, in which he scored one goal. Early in the campaign, a thigh muscle tear sustained during training in October 2007 sidelined him for nearly two months, exacerbating concerns over his fitness following previous knee problems from his time at Real Madrid. Upon his return in December, he contributed sparingly, with his sole goal coming on 15 April 2008 in a 2–0 Serie A victory over Parma, where he converted a low cross from teammate Mathieu Flamini to seal the win. The season's turning point came on 13 February 2008, when Ronaldo ruptured the patellar tendon in his left knee while challenging for a header during a 1–1 Serie A draw against Livorno, an injury that required surgery and ruled him out for the remainder of the campaign. This setback, echoing his history of knee issues dating back to 1999 and 2000, highlighted the physical toll on his body and restricted his involvement in AC Milan's UEFA Champions League run, where the team advanced to the round of 16 before elimination by Arsenal; Ronaldo made no appearances in the competition. During his extended rehabilitation, he received notable support from teammates, including training sessions alongside compatriot Kaká, who praised Ronaldo's resilience and mentored younger players amid the recovery process.[46] Ronaldo briefly returned in October 2008 for a substitute appearance in the Coppa Italia, but ongoing knee complications persisted. In December 2008, after failing a routine medical examination required for contract renewal, AC Milan and Ronaldo mutually terminated his agreement, allowing him to seek opportunities elsewhere.Corinthians: Return to Brazil (2009–2011)
Following frustrations with recurring injuries at AC Milan, Ronaldo signed a one-year contract on a free transfer with Corinthians in December 2008, returning to Brazilian football after 15 years abroad.[47] The move was seen as a sentimental homecoming for the 31-year-old striker, who had begun his professional career in Brazil with Cruzeiro.[48] Despite initial skepticism about his fitness and weight, Ronaldo quickly integrated into the squad, making his debut in March 2009 and scoring his first goal for the club shortly after.[49] In 2009, Ronaldo played a pivotal role in Corinthians' domestic double, contributing key goals across competitions. He scored 10 goals in the Campeonato Paulista, including two goals in the first leg of the final against Santos on 26 April 2009, in a 3–1 victory; Corinthians secured the title with a 1–1 draw in the second leg on 3 May.[50] Later that year, he netted goals in both legs of the Copa do Brasil final against Internacional (one in the 2–0 first-leg win and one in the 2–2 second leg), helping Corinthians to a 4–2 aggregate triumph to claim the national cup for the third time in club history.[51] Overall, Ronaldo recorded 15 goals in 27 appearances that season, aiding the club's success while mentoring younger teammates like Dentinho through his experience and leadership on the pitch.[52] His contributions earned widespread public adoration in Brazil, though not without controversy over his weight and occasional nightlife incidents, such as a 2009 fine for arriving late to training after a night out.[49] The 2010 season saw Ronaldo overcome ongoing fitness doubts to lead Corinthians' attack, scoring a total of 22 goals across competitions, including 8 in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A as the club clinched the national league title.[52] His movement and finishing remained effective, with notable strikes like a brace against former club Cruzeiro highlighting his enduring quality. Ronaldo's presence boosted team morale and provided guidance to emerging talents, solidifying his role as a veteran influence during Corinthians' centenary year celebrations.[51]Retirement from professional football
Ronaldo announced his retirement from professional football on February 14, 2011, during an emotional press conference in São Paulo, citing severe pain from recurring injuries and a hypothyroidism condition diagnosed four years earlier while at AC Milan, which slowed his metabolism and exacerbated his physical struggles.[53][54] At age 34, he reflected on the decision as feeling like "my first death," expressing regret over unfulfilled dreams such as participating in another FIFA World Cup.[53] His final professional match had occurred the day before, on February 13, 2011, when he substituted into Corinthians' Campeonato Paulista game against Palmeiras without scoring.[51] Over his 18-year career, Ronaldo had scored 414 goals in 616 matches across clubs and the Brazilian national team, establishing him as one of the game's all-time greats despite persistent injury setbacks.[55] The announcement drew immediate tributes from football's elite; FIFA President Sepp Blatter hailed him as "one of the greatest players in the history of our sport," while Pelé described Ronaldo as "the third best Brazilian player ever, after myself and Zico."[54][51] In the wake of his retirement, Ronaldo began transitioning to off-field pursuits, founding the sports marketing agency 9INE to leverage his global fame in business ventures and media appearances, marking the start of his role as a prominent figure in football's commercial landscape.[56]International career
Youth internationals and senior debut (1994–1997)
Ronaldo's path to the senior Brazil team was paved by his standout performances in youth internationals. At age 16, he featured for the under-17 side at the 1993 South American Championship in Colombia, where Brazil finished third and Ronaldo scored five goals, including key contributions in matches against Argentina and Chile.[57][13] He continued his rise with the under-20 team at the 1995 South American Championship in Bolivia, helping Brazil secure qualification for the FIFA World Youth Championship while demonstrating his explosive pace and finishing ability in the tournament.[58] Ronaldo earned his senior international debut on 23 March 1994, at age 17, in a 2–0 friendly victory over Argentina in Recife, entering as a substitute in the second half.[59][60] His first goal for the national team arrived later that year, on 4 May 1994, during a 3–0 friendly win against Iceland in Florianópolis.[60][61] At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Ronaldo, then 19, led Brazil's under-23 squad to a bronze medal after a 4–3 semi-final loss to Nigeria. He netted five goals across six matches, highlighted by a hat-trick in a 3–1 group-stage win over Denmark, which propelled Brazil into the knockout rounds.[58][62] Ronaldo's breakthrough came at the 1997 Copa América in Bolivia, where he scored five goals in seven appearances as Brazil claimed the title with a 3–1 final victory over the hosts. His standout displays, including a brace against Paraguay in the quarter-finals, earned him the Golden Ball as the tournament's best player and cemented his reputation as Brazil's emerging phenomenon.[3][63]1998 FIFA World Cup
Ronaldo played a pivotal role for Brazil at the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France, appearing in all seven matches and scoring four goals, which tied him for third in the tournament's scoring charts behind Davor Šuker (6) and Gabriel Batistuta (5).[64] His goals came in the group stage against Scotland, where he netted the winner in a 2–1 victory, and a brace against Chile in a 4–1 round-of-16 win. He added his fourth goal in the quarter-final against Denmark, securing a 3–2 triumph and helping Brazil advance to the semi-finals.[65] These performances earned him the Golden Ball as the tournament's best player, underscoring his explosive pace, dribbling, and finishing that captivated global audiences. The tournament took a dramatic turn after Brazil's semi-final penalty shootout win over the Netherlands on July 7. On July 11, the day before the final, Ronaldo suffered a seizure in his hotel room, collapsing unconscious for several minutes and requiring immediate medical attention, including a hospital visit where he underwent tests.[66] Doctors diagnosed the episode as a convulsive fit, possibly linked to stress or an underlying condition, but cleared him to play after he insisted on his fitness; he was controversially reinstated to the starting lineup just over an hour before kickoff, despite initially being omitted from the team sheet.[67] This decision sparked immediate debate among medical experts and team officials about the risks to his health and whether he should have been risked in such a high-stakes match.[27] In the final against hosts France on July 12 at the Stade de France, Brazil suffered a 3–0 defeat, with Ronaldo unable to influence the game, managing only 20 touches and no shots on target as France's Zinedine Zidane scored twice from corners.[68] Post-match, inquiries intensified, including a French government investigation into the medical decisions and allegations of external pressures, fueling conspiracy theories about sponsorship influences and whether Ronaldo's condition had been mishandled to prioritize commercial interests over player welfare.[69] Despite the loss, Ronaldo's earlier exploits elevated his status as a global superstar, drawing unprecedented media attention and endorsements, though the incident amplified ongoing concerns about his vulnerability to serious health issues.[70]1999 Copa América
Ronaldo participated in the 1999 Copa América in Paraguay, where he scored five goals in six matches, helping Brazil win the title with a 3–0 final victory over Uruguay. His performances, including goals against Venezuela, Colombia, and Chile, earned him the Golden Boot as the tournament's top scorer.[3][60]2002 FIFA World Cup
Ronaldo's participation in the 2002 FIFA World Cup was shrouded in uncertainty following severe knee injuries at Inter Milan that sidelined him for nearly 16 months, with many doubting his readiness for international competition after limited club appearances upon his return to Real Madrid in late 2001.[71] Despite these concerns, Brazil coach Luiz Felipe Scolari included him in the 23-man squad, citing Ronaldo's potential to lead the attack alongside Rivaldo and Ronaldinho.[31] In a pre-tournament friendly against Malaysia in May 2002, Ronaldo scored and assisted in a 4-0 victory, boosting his confidence and easing some selection doubts.[72] Ronaldo began the tournament on the bench for Brazil's opening Group B match against Turkey on June 3, 2002, entering as a substitute in the 61st minute and scoring the decisive goal in a 2-1 win, marking his emotional return to the World Cup stage four years after his collapse in the 1998 final.[73] He started every subsequent match, forming a potent front three that propelled Brazil through the group stage with convincing victories: two goals against China PR in a 4-0 rout on June 8, and two more against Costa Rica in a 5-2 triumph on June 13, where his quick strikes in the 13th and 64th minutes helped secure top spot in the group. In the knockout stages, Ronaldo netted the winner against Belgium in the round of 16 (2-0 on June 17) and scored against Turkey again in the semi-final (2-1 on June 22), setting up a final showdown. The pinnacle came in the final against Germany on June 30, 2002, at the International Stadium in Yokohama, Japan, where Ronaldo scored both goals in Brazil's 2-0 victory—his first in the 8th minute via a clinical finish from Rivaldo's pull-back, and the second in the 79th minute on a breakaway to seal Brazil's fifth World Cup title.[73] His eight goals across seven matches made him the tournament's top scorer.[74] Ronaldo later reflected, "Not even in my wildest dreams did something like this happen," highlighting the personal triumph amid the collective success.[71] For his pivotal role, Ronaldo earned the Golden Shoe as the tournament's leading scorer and was named to the FIFA World Cup All-Star Team, receiving the Silver Ball as the second-best player. His World Cup heroics directly contributed to him winning the 2002 FIFA World Player of the Year award, his third such honor, underscoring his resurgence on the global stage.[75]2006 FIFA World Cup
Ronaldo entered the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany at age 29, as part of Brazil's highly touted attacking quartet alongside Adriano, Ronaldinho, and Kaká, but faced intense scrutiny over his physical condition and role within the team. Initially positioned as a backup to Adriano, he came off the bench in the opening group matches against Croatia (1–0 win, substituting in the 66th minute without scoring) and Australia (2–0 win, entering in the 72nd minute), drawing criticism for limited mobility and apparent weight gain, with reports estimating him at around 94 kg, up from 83 kg in 2002.[76][77] His tournament performance improved in the final group stage fixture against Japan, where he started and scored twice in a 4–1 victory, netting in the 45+1st minute with a low shot after a through ball from Ronaldinho and in the 81st minute via a header from a Juninho Pernambucano cross, briefly silencing doubters and tying him with Gerd Müller at 14 World Cup goals.[78] In the round of 16 against Ghana, Ronaldo started again and scored the opening goal in the 5th minute, latching onto a long ball from Cafu to round the goalkeeper and tap in, becoming the all-time leading World Cup scorer with 15 goals and helping secure a 3–0 win.[79] Overall, he appeared in five matches, scoring three goals and providing no assists, though his output was seen as underwhelming given Brazil's expectations as favorites.[52] Brazil advanced to the quarter-finals but were eliminated 1–0 by France, with Thierry Henry scoring the decisive goal in the 57th minute from a Zidane free kick; Ronaldo started but was substituted in the 74th minute amid a lackluster team display marked by poor creativity.[80] Post-tournament, Ronaldo defended his contributions, stating in interviews that the goals against Japan and Ghana proved his value despite the early criticism, while emphasizing a need to recover and regain full fitness at Real Madrid for the upcoming club season.[78] The exit highlighted concerns about his declining speed and endurance at nearly 30, signaling the later stages of his international career.[76]International retirement and farewell matches (2006–2011)
Following the 2006 FIFA World Cup, where Ronaldo scored three goals including a record-breaking 15th in the tournament, his international involvement with Brazil significantly diminished due to persistent injuries and declining physical condition. He did not feature in any national team matches between the conclusion of the 2006 World Cup and 2011, marking a gradual exit from the Seleção. Ronaldo was not selected for the 2010 FIFA World Cup squad by coach Dunga, primarily due to his poor form, weight issues, and lack of recent international appearances since 2006, as the team prioritized fitter players like Luís Fabiano and Nilmar.[81][51] Ronaldo formally announced his retirement from professional football on February 14, 2011, after amassing 97 caps and 62 goals for Brazil over 17 years, reflecting on how his body could no longer withstand the rigors of the game amid ongoing injury battles. Despite the announcement focusing on his club career with Corinthians, it effectively ended his international tenure, as he had not played for the national team in nearly five years. To honor his contributions, the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF) organized a farewell appearance later that year. On June 7, 2011, Ronaldo substituted into a friendly match against Romania at Pacaembu Stadium in São Paulo, entering in the 78th minute during Brazil's 1-0 victory; this 15-minute cameo, alongside emerging stars like Neymar, served as his official international send-off and brought his cap total to 98.[51][82][60] Ronaldo's international legacy encompassed appearances across four FIFA World Cups (1994, 1998, 2002, and 2006), where he tallied 15 goals—the most at the time—along with participations in three Copa América tournaments (1995, 1997, and 1999, winning the latter two) and the 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup (also a victory). His 98 caps broke down into 19 World Cup matches (4 goals in 1998, 8 in 2002, 3 in 2006, and squad member in 1994 without playing), 33 Copa América and Confederations Cup games (14 goals), and 46 friendlies (40 goals), underscoring his role in Brazil's successes, including the 2002 World Cup triumph where he was top scorer with 8 goals. In post-match reflections during his 2011 farewell, Ronaldo expressed gratitude for contributing to Brazil's World Cup victories in 1994 (as a non-playing squad member) and 2002, calling the latter "the pinnacle of my career" and emphasizing the honor of helping secure the nation's fifth title.[60][83] After retiring, Ronaldo took on occasional ambassadorial roles with the CBF, most notably as the official ambassador for the 2014 FIFA World Cup hosted in Brazil, where he promoted the event and engaged in promotional activities to boost global interest. In this capacity, he leveraged his status as a two-time World Cup winner to represent Brazilian football on the international stage, including public appearances and media engagements tied to CBF initiatives.[84][85]Playing style and career impact
Technical attributes and playing style
Ronaldo Nazário was celebrated for his explosive speed, which enabled him to surge past defenders while maintaining exceptional control of the ball. Medical assessments during his time at Inter Milan estimated he could run 100 meters in approximately 10.2 seconds, making him one of the quickest forwards in football history.[27] This attribute was particularly evident in his ability to accelerate rapidly from deep positions, turning transitions into goal-scoring opportunities with devastating effect.[86] Zinedine Zidane once remarked that Ronaldo was "faster with the ball than most people were without it," highlighting how his pace overwhelmed even elite defenses.[87] His dribbling prowess stood out in tight spaces, where he blended strength, quick feet, and precise close control to navigate through multiple opponents.[88] Ronaldo frequently employed signature feints, such as the step-over, to deceive markers and create space—moves that left defenders, including Alessandro Nesta, describing him as "unstoppable."[87][27] As an all-around finisher, he excelled with either foot, delivering clinical strikes from acute angles or in one-on-one scenarios with ruthless precision.[27] His shooting combined power and accuracy, often slowing down mid-stride to maintain composure before unleashing shots that caught goalkeepers off guard.[86] Ronaldo's career saw him evolve from a versatile winger in his youth days at Cruzeiro, where he burst onto the scene as a 16-year-old with wide-ranging runs, to a complete number 9 during his transformative spell at Barcelona.[89] There, he redefined the central striker role by dropping deep to receive the ball, swiveling past challengers, and driving forward with explosive bursts—blending the freedom of a winger with the instincts of a poacher.[27] Despite his 1.83-meter (6-foot) frame, which was modest for a traditional target man, Ronaldo developed respectable aerial ability through superior timing and elevation, contributing to his all-phase threat in the box. This evolution allowed him to influence games comprehensively, creating as effectively as he scored. Ronaldo drew significant inspiration from Romário, whom he admired and who advised him on his early move to Europe, shaping his opportunistic finishing and flair.[27] His extraordinary ball control and ability to glide past opponents also invited frequent comparisons to Diego Maradona, with observers noting similarities in their hypnotic dribbling and game-changing individualism.[88] However, Ronaldo's style was not without vulnerabilities; his game heavily relied on his pre-injury pace for those signature surges, which formed the core of his attacking potency.[27] He occasionally displayed a fiery temperament, as seen in disciplinary tensions during international campaigns, though this rarely overshadowed his technical brilliance.[27]Injury history and its effects
Ronaldo's injury history was marked by severe knee problems that began in late 1999 and recurred throughout his career, significantly altering his physical capabilities and role on the pitch. On November 21, 1999, during a Serie A match for Inter Milan against Lecce, he suffered a rupture of the patellar tendon in his right knee, requiring immediate surgery in Paris by French surgeon Dr. Gerard Saillant.[31] This sidelined him for five months, but just six minutes into his return on April 12, 2000, in the Coppa Italia final against Lazio, Ronaldo experienced a complete rupture of the same knee's tendons, described by him as feeling like his "knee had exploded."[90] Another surgery followed under Saillant in France, leading to a total absence of 16 months from competitive football.[91] These back-to-back knee injuries forced Ronaldo to undergo extensive rehabilitation, including intensive physiotherapy sessions that he later called "endless torture," supported by Brazilian physio Nilton Petrone and later treatments in Barcelona with renowned knee specialist Dr. Ramon Cugat.[90] Psychological support from family, including the birth of his son Ronald during recovery, played a crucial role in his mental resilience, though he later revealed ongoing therapy for the emotional toll of these setbacks.[31] The injuries caused significant weight fluctuations, with Ronaldo's frame varying from around 85 kg in his peak years to over 100 kg at times due to prolonged inactivity and medications, exacerbating recovery challenges.[92] The career consequences were profound: his explosive pre-injury style—characterized by blistering speed and direct runs—gave way to a more calculated approach in deeper roles to preserve his mobility.[87] In 2008, while at AC Milan, he sustained another devastating knee injury on February 13 against Livorno, rupturing tendons in his left knee after just 58 minutes of play, which limited his appearances in the 2007–2008 season to only a handful and accelerated his decline in Europe.[49] Compounding these physical traumas, Ronaldo was diagnosed in 2007 with hypothyroidism linked to a pituitary gland issue during medical tests at AC Milan, a condition that slowed his metabolism and contributed to further weight gain, ultimately influencing his retirement announcement in 2011.[93] Despite these obstacles, his determination allowed a triumphant return for the 2002 FIFA World Cup, but the cumulative effects shortened his elite-level career and shifted him toward less demanding positions later on.[90]Legacy in football
Ronaldo Luís Nazário de Lima, known as O Fenômeno, cemented his legacy as one of football's most transformative figures through his unparalleled goal-scoring prowess at the FIFA World Cup, where he became the all-time leading scorer with 15 goals across four tournaments, a record he set in 2006 before it was surpassed in 2014.[94] His achievements also include being the youngest winner of the Ballon d'Or at age 21 in 1997, an award that recognized his explosive emergence as a complete forward during his time at Inter Milan.[95] These milestones not only highlighted his individual brilliance but also elevated Brazil's dominance in international football, inspiring a generation of players to blend technical finesse with physical dominance. Ronaldo's playing style revolutionized the centre-forward position in the 1990s and 2000s, redefining athleticism for strikers by combining blistering speed, power, and dribbling in ways previously unseen, as noted by contemporaries like Thierry Henry, who credited him with performing feats that reshaped the role.[96] This influence extends to modern forwards, with players like Kylian Mbappé drawing comparisons for their similar use of pace and skill to dismantle defenses, a resemblance Ronaldo himself acknowledged by stating that Mbappé reminded him of his younger self.[97] His ability to excel despite severe injuries further underscored his resilience, setting a benchmark for athletic forwards that emphasized versatility over specialization. As a cultural icon, Ronaldo's career has been immortalized in documentaries such as The Phenomenon (2022), a DAZN production that chronicles his rise, struggles with injury, and triumphant return, capturing his status as a global symbol of football's highs and lows. He remains a central figure in debates over the greatest striker of all time, often pitted against Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo in discussions of peak performance and impact, with Ronaldo Nazário himself reflecting in 2025 interviews that his era's competition was uniquely intense, though he respects the modern duo's achievements without claiming superiority.[98] In a February 2025 ESPN interview, he emphasized his career's enduring lessons on perseverance, stating that his legacy lies in proving that true greatness transcends statistics.[99]Post-retirement career
Club ownership: Real Valladolid (2018–2025)
In September 2018, Brazilian footballer Ronaldo Nazário acquired a 51 percent majority stake in Real Valladolid for approximately €30 million, assuming the role of club president shortly after the team's promotion to La Liga at the end of the 2017–18 season.[100][101] The purchase aimed to stabilize the financially strained club, which had recently cleared €25 million in debts with Ronaldo's investment, positioning Valladolid for sustained competition in Spain's top flight.[102] During his tenure, Ronaldo oversaw frequent managerial changes to navigate competitive challenges, including the appointment of Sergio González as head coach in 2020, who helped secure survival in La Liga during the 2019–20 season amid the COVID-19 disruptions.[103] However, the club faced multiple relegations and promotions: relegated at the end of the 2020–21 season, promoted back via playoffs in 2021–22, relegated again in 2022–23, and promoted once more in 2023–24 before a final demotion in April 2025 following a 5–1 loss to Real Betis.[104][105] Subsequent hires included Paulo Pezzolano in April 2025 and multiple interim coaches like Álvaro Rubio, reflecting ongoing efforts to address poor performances that yielded only 16 points in the 2024–25 La Liga campaign.[6][106] Ronaldo's ownership drew significant controversies, particularly from fans frustrated with perceived mismanagement and his divided attention due to other ventures. Protests erupted in April 2023 with chants of "Ronaldo leave now!" accusing him of prioritizing Real Madrid interests, escalating to organized demonstrations outside José Zorrilla Stadium in December 2024 under the banner "Ronaldo go home" amid a winless streak.[107] Further unrest peaked in May 2025 when supporters threw 60,000 fake €500 notes—printed with Ronaldo's face—onto the pitch during a match against Barcelona, symbolizing financial grievances and demands for his exit.[108] Additional backlash arose from decisions like a 2022 attempt to simplify the club badge, viewed as eroding tradition, and the sacking of reserve team coach Julio Baptista in November 2023 after public criticism of club policies.[103][109] In 2024, Ronaldo rejected multiple sale offers, including a €28.7 million bid from a construction firm and an €80 million deal that fell through earlier in the year, opting instead to inject personal funds to cover salary limits and retain control despite mounting pressures.[110][111] He reversed a mid-year announcement to sell in August 2024, committing to stay amid the club's struggles.[112] Ultimately, on May 23, 2025, Ronaldo agreed to sell his majority stake to the Ignite consortium—a North American investment group led by businessman Gabriel Solares—ending his six-year ownership after the latest relegation to Segunda División and amid accumulated debts exceeding €40 million.[113][6] The transaction, with undisclosed final terms but initially valued around €40 million by Ronaldo, marked a turbulent conclusion to his European club venture, shifting focus back to Brazilian football interests.[114][115]Club ownership: Cruzeiro (2021–2024)
In December 2021, Ronaldo Nazário acquired a 90% controlling stake in his boyhood club Cruzeiro through his company Tara Sports Brasil for 400 million Brazilian reais (approximately $70 million USD at the time). The club was reeling from a severe financial crisis following its historic relegation to Série B in 2019, with accumulated debts exceeding 1 billion reais (around $195–200 million USD). Ronaldo assumed responsibility for restructuring the club's finances over a 10-year period as part of the deal, which was facilitated under Brazil's new SAF (Sociedade Anônima do Futebol) law aimed at improving club governance and attracting investment.[116][117][118] Under Ronaldo's ownership, Cruzeiro made significant strides in on-field performance and financial recovery. In January 2022, he appointed Uruguayan coach Paulo Pezzolano as the club's first head coach post-acquisition, who implemented a disciplined tactical approach emphasizing defensive solidity and quick transitions. This led to Cruzeiro clinching the 2022 Série B title with a record 75 points, securing promotion back to Série A for the 2023 season after just one year in the second tier. Financially, Ronaldo's interventions reduced the club's debt from over 1 billion reais to effectively cleared, stabilizing operations and enabling investments in infrastructure and youth development.[119][120][121] Despite these accomplishments, Ronaldo's tenure faced notable challenges, including fan criticisms over perceived mismanagement of spending and player transfers. Early decisions, such as the release of club legend Fábio in a cost-cutting move, sparked protests and eroded supporter patience. Later, sales of key assets like midfielder Matheus Pereira to Al-Hilal in Saudi Arabia for approximately €20 million in 2023 drew scrutiny for prioritizing short-term revenue over squad retention, especially as Cruzeiro struggled with mid-table finishes in Série A and inconsistent results. These issues contributed to growing unrest among fans, who booed Ronaldo during matches.[122][123][124] In April 2024, Ronaldo divested his full 90% stake in Cruzeiro to local businessman Pedro Lourenço, owner of the BH Supermarket chain, through the BPW Sports group, for 600 million reais (about $117 million USD). The transaction yielded a substantial profit of around 200 million reais compared to his initial investment, allowing Ronaldo to exit amid ongoing criticisms while leaving the club in a healthier financial and competitive position.[5][125][126]Football administration and CBF candidacy
Following his retirement from professional football in 2011, Ronaldo Nazário took on prominent roles in Brazilian football governance, beginning with his appointment as an ambassador for the Local Organising Committee of the 2014 FIFA World Cup hosted in Brazil. In this capacity, he contributed to organizational efforts, including promoting the event and addressing logistical challenges amid public protests, leveraging his status as a national icon to enhance the tournament's image.[85] In December 2024, Ronaldo announced his candidacy for the presidency of the Confederação Brasileira de Futebol (CBF), Brazil's national football governing body, aiming to succeed incumbent Ednaldo Rodrigues in the election scheduled for March 2026.[127] His platform centered on restoring the prestige and global respect of the Brazilian national team, the Seleção, which he described as being in a state of deep crisis following recent poor performances, including early exits from major tournaments.[128] Ronaldo emphasized leveraging his legacy as a two-time World Cup winner to unite stakeholders and implement reforms for sustainable improvement in Brazilian football infrastructure and competitiveness.[129] Throughout early 2025, Ronaldo's campaign faced significant hurdles, including limited engagement from the CBF's electoral college, which comprises 27 state federations, 20 Série A clubs, and 20 Série B clubs. He secured dialogue with only four state federations, highlighting a broader resistance to change within the administration.[130] While no major public endorsements from figures like Pelé's family were reported, Ronaldo positioned his bid as a call for accountability, indirectly addressing longstanding perceptions of corruption and inefficiency in the CBF by pledging to prioritize merit-based governance and national team revival.[131] Criticisms of Ronaldo's candidacy largely stemmed from his controversial tenures as club owner, particularly the financial turmoil at Cruzeiro during his 2021–2024 ownership, which included relegation and subsequent sale amid debts, raising questions about his administrative track record.[103] On March 12, 2025, Ronaldo withdrew his candidacy, citing a lack of openness to dialogue and insufficient support to mount a viable challenge, effectively ending his bid before the election and allowing Rodrigues to secure re-election unopposed.[132]Other business ventures
Ronaldo co-owns 9ine Sports & Entertainment, a sports marketing and talent management agency he helped launch in 2011, which represents high-profile athletes including Neymar and handles endorsements, sponsorships, and events.[56][133] The agency has expanded beyond athlete representation to produce media content and organize sports-related events, contributing to Ronaldo's diversification into entertainment sectors.[134] In 2017, Ronaldo acquired a 50% stake in the Brazilian esports organization CNB alongside professional poker player André Akkari, marking his entry into the growing competitive gaming industry.[135] The investment reflected his interest in emerging digital sports, though specific ongoing involvement details remain limited. Ronaldo's company partnered with DAZN in 2022 to produce the documentary film The Phenomenon: The Rise, Fall and Redemption of Ronaldo, which chronicles his football career, injuries, and comeback.[134] The project highlighted his role in content creation, drawing on personal archives and interviews with peers to explore his legacy. Ronaldo owns several high-value properties, including a residence in Ibiza, Spain, which was burglarized in 2022 with losses estimated at €3 million.[136] He also maintains real estate holdings in Brazil, supporting his personal and business interests in both countries. As of 2025, Ronaldo's net worth is estimated at $160 million, derived primarily from endorsement deals, agency operations, and asset sales rather than active playing income.[137][138]Personal life
Family, marriages, and children
Ronaldo Luís Nazário de Lima, commonly known as Ronaldo, was born on September 18, 1976, in Itaguaí, Brazil, as the third child of Nélio Nazário de Lima Sr. and Sônia dos Santos Barata. His parents separated when he was 11 years old, after which he lived primarily with his mother while pursuing his early football career.[2] Ronaldo's first marriage was to Brazilian footballer and model Milene Domingues on December 24, 1999; the couple divorced in 2003 following a separation announced earlier that year.[139] His second marriage, to model and television presenter Daniella Cicarelli, lasted only three months, from February 14, 2005, to May 11, 2005, and ended amid reports of a miscarriage during her pregnancy.[140] Ronaldo married for the third time in 2008 to public relations professional Maria Beatriz "Bia" Antony, with whom he separated in 2012 after four years together; the union produced two daughters. In September 2023, Ronaldo wed model, influencer, and entrepreneur Celina Locks in a private ceremony in Ibiza, Spain, marking his fourth marriage; the couple had been dating since 2016.[141] Ronaldo has four children from three different relationships. His eldest child is son Ronald, born on April 18, 2000, to ex-wife Milene Domingues; Ronald briefly pursued youth football in Spain before shifting to acting and music.[142] With Bia Antony, he has daughters Maria Sofia, born on December 24, 2008, in Rio de Janeiro, and Maria Alice, born in 2009.[143][2] His youngest child is son Alexander, born on April 1, 2010, to model Michele Umezu; Ronaldo confirmed paternity through a DNA test shortly after the birth and underwent a vasectomy later that year.[144] Throughout his career, Ronaldo's family provided emotional support, particularly during his prolonged injury recoveries in the late 1990s and early 2000s, with his mother Sônia often credited for her unwavering encouragement. Post-divorces, he navigated public disputes over child custody and visitation rights with ex-partners, including legal proceedings with Bia Antony in the early 2010s that were resolved amicably to prioritize the children's well-being. As of 2025, Ronaldo maintains a relatively low-profile family life in Brazil, focusing on co-parenting his children while sharing occasional family moments on social media with his wife Celina Locks.[145]Religion and personal beliefs
Ronaldo Nazário has described the Christian faith as a fundamental aspect of his life since childhood, though he was not formally baptized until adulthood. Raised in a culturally Christian environment in Brazil, he maintained a personal connection to spirituality throughout his career and personal challenges, viewing it as a source of guidance and renewal. In June 2022, Nazário demonstrated his deepening commitment by completing the Camino de Santiago pilgrimage on a bicycle, an approximately 450-kilometer journey across Spain undertaken as a vow made during a difficult period in his life.[146][147] On September 12, 2023, at the age of 46, Nazário received the sacraments of baptism, confirmation, and first Holy Communion in a private ceremony at São José Parish in São Paulo, Brazil, marking his formal entry into the Catholic Church. He announced the event on Instagram, stating, "Today is a very special day. I was baptized! The Christian faith has always been a fundamental part of my life, since I was little, although I had not yet been baptized." Nazário emphasized the transformative nature of the sacraments, adding, "With the sacrament, I feel truly regenerated as a child of God—in a new way, more conscious, more deep. I renew my commitment to follow the path of good, by my own free will, believing in the love of Jesus, in the love of charity. Thank you, God, thank you to everyone who accompanied me in this moment."[147][148] Nazário's public expressions of faith extend to occasional acknowledgments of divine support in interviews and social media, where he credits spiritual beliefs for fostering personal resilience and growth. In post-baptism reflections, he has highlighted how faith provided him with a deeper sense of purpose amid life's trials, including his well-documented career setbacks. His involvement in Catholic practices, such as the pilgrimage and sacraments, underscores a deliberate embrace of religious life in his later years, influencing his outlook on family and legacy.[149]Health challenges post-retirement
Following his retirement from professional football in February 2011, Ronaldo continued to manage hypothyroidism, a condition diagnosed four years earlier during his stint at AC Milan that slows metabolism and contributed to ongoing weight challenges.[150] The disorder, which he publicly attributed to part of his retirement decision alongside chronic injuries, led to significant weight gain in the years immediately after hanging up his boots, drawing widespread media attention and scrutiny over his physical condition.[93] In 2012, after reaching a weight of nearly 120 kg, Ronaldo joined the "Medida Certa" weight-loss program on the Brazilian TV show Fantástico, where he documented his efforts to shed excess pounds through structured diet and exercise regimens.[45] On the program, he lost approximately 17 kg over several weeks, sharing insights into his daily gym routines—including cardio sessions and strength training—along with meal plans focused on balanced nutrition to counteract his metabolic issues.[151] These experiences highlighted his post-retirement lifestyle adjustments, as he openly discussed in media appearances how the show's discipline helped him regain control over his health.[152] Ronaldo's career-long knee injuries have persisted into retirement, causing chronic pain that affects daily activities such as climbing stairs, a factor he cited in his 2011 farewell as evidence of his body's limitations.[53] The cumulative damage from multiple surgeries and ruptures has resulted in long-term mobility issues, though he has incorporated targeted physical therapy and low-impact exercises into his routine to manage symptoms.[153] In recent years, Ronaldo has recommitted to fitness amid his business ventures, displaying noticeable improvements in physique by mid-2024 through consistent gym work and dietary oversight, as evidenced by public appearances alongside figures like Mike Tyson who shared similar transformation stories.[154] By 2025, he continued this regimen, emphasizing preventive health measures in interviews to address both weight management and joint health, reflecting a broader shift toward wellness in his post-playing life.Sponsorships and public image
Nike partnership and endorsements
Ronaldo Luís Nazário de Lima, known as Ronaldo or R9, established a pivotal partnership with Nike early in his professional career. The relationship began in 1994 when he was 17 years old, shortly after his breakthrough at Cruzeiro and move to PSV Eindhoven, marking the start of his endorsement with the sportswear giant.[155] In 1997, at age 20, Nike signed him to a landmark 10-year contract valued at approximately $100 million, which later included lifetime endorsement elements, making it one of the most lucrative athlete agreements in sports history at the time.[156] This arrangement provided Ronaldo with annual earnings exceeding $1 million from Nike, positioning him as a central figure in the brand's global football strategy.[137] A hallmark of the partnership was the development of the custom "R9" boot line within Nike's Mercurial series, designed specifically for Ronaldo's explosive speed and style. The inaugural Mercurial R9 boots debuted in 1998, featuring innovative lightweight construction that revolutionized football footwear and became iconic during his standout performances.[157] Nike's marketing leveraged Ronaldo prominently, including high-profile advertisements during the 1998 FIFA World Cup, such as the famous "Airport" campaign featuring the Brazilian national team, which amplified the brand's visibility and sales worldwide.[158] Beyond Nike, Ronaldo secured several other major endorsements that enhanced his commercial profile. He featured in Pirelli's promotional materials during his time at Inter Milan, including calendar appearances.[159] These deals, combined with his Nike association, contributed significantly to Nike's market dominance in Brazilian football; as part of Nike's broader 1996 agreement with the Brazilian Football Confederation worth approximately $40 million over 10 years, Ronaldo's endorsement helped the brand overtake competitors like Adidas in kit supply and fan merchandise, transforming Nike's presence in the country's soccer culture.[158] Even after his retirement in 2011, Ronaldo's lifetime Nike deal remains active as of 2025, with ongoing collaborations including boot re-releases like the Mercurial Vapor III R9 edition.[160] He continues to endorse other brands, such as Betfair in a 2022 ambassadorship role focused on sports betting promotion, underscoring his enduring appeal in the commercial landscape.[161]Media career and public commentary
Following his retirement from professional football in 2011, Ronaldo transitioned into media roles, serving as a pundit for Rede Globo during major international tournaments. He provided expert commentary for the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, analyzing matches and sharing insights from his experience as the tournament's all-time leading scorer.[162] Ronaldo continued in this capacity for the 2018 and 2022 World Cups, offering analysis on Brazil's performances and global trends in the sport.[163] In recent years, Ronaldo has been vocal in public commentary on contemporary football figures and debates. In June 2025, he described Neymar as Brazil's "biggest hope" for the 2026 FIFA World Cup, urging the national team to build around the forward despite injury challenges and emphasizing the need for patience in his recovery process.[164] He stressed that Neymar's return to form would be crucial, noting the difficulties of reintegrating after a year-long absence but expressing confidence in his potential impact.[165] Ronaldo also weighed in on the enduring Messi versus Cristiano Ronaldo debate in 2025 interviews. In August, he praised Cristiano Ronaldo's "fantastic journey" and "incredible achievements" while ultimately favoring Lionel Messi as the superior talent, highlighting Messi's natural genius over Ronaldo's disciplined longevity.[166] Earlier in February, Ronaldo ranked himself above Cristiano Ronaldo among the all-time greats but placed Messi in an elite category alongside Pelé and Diego Maradona, underscoring Messi's unparalleled creativity.[167] In April 2025, Ronaldo revealed his all-time best starting XI, notably excluding Cristiano Ronaldo while including himself, Messi, Pelé, and Maradona. The lineup featured Gianluigi Buffon in goal; defenders Cafu, Paolo Maldini, Fabio Cannavaro, and Roberto Carlos; midfielders Maradona, Zinedine Zidane, and Zico; and forwards Pelé, Messi, and Ronaldo—a selection that sparked discussions on generational preferences in football history.[168] Ronaldo's public image has also been shaped by outspoken criticisms of Brazilian football governance, including corruption allegations against the CBF in 2021–2023, which influenced his media engagements and sponsorship negotiations.[169]Career statistics
Club statistics
Ronaldo's professional club career spanned from 1993 to 2011, during which he made 518 appearances and scored 352 goals across seven senior clubs, excluding friendlies. These figures encompass domestic leagues, national cups, and European competitions. His goal-scoring prowess was evident from his debut at Cruzeiro, where he quickly established himself as a prodigious talent, through to his retirement at Corinthians. The following table summarizes his appearances and goals by club:| Club | Years | Appearances | Goals |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cruzeiro | 1993–1994 | 47 | 44 |
| PSV Eindhoven | 1994–1996 | 57 | 54 |
| Barcelona | 1996–1997 | 49 | 47 |
| Inter Milan | 1997–2002 | 99 | 59 |
| Real Madrid | 2002–2007 | 177 | 104 |
| AC Milan | 2007–2008 | 20 | 9 |
| Corinthians | 2009–2011 | 69 | 35 |
| Total | 1993–2011 | 518 | 352 |
International statistics
Ronaldo represented the Brazil senior national team from 1994 to 2006, accumulating 98 caps and 62 goals, placing him third on the country's all-time scoring list behind Neymar (79 goals) and Pelé (77 goals) as of 2025.[170] These figures encompass official matches across all competitions but exclude his under-23 appearances at the 1996 Summer Olympics, where he scored 3 goals in 6 games.[60] His international goals broke down by major tournament as follows:| Tournament | Appearances | Goals |
|---|---|---|
| FIFA World Cup | 19 | 15 |
| Copa América | 13 | 10 |
| FIFA Confederations Cup | 5 | 4 |
| FIFA World Cup qualifiers | 15 | 10 |
| Friendlies | 39 | 21 |
| Other competitions | 7 | 2 |
| Total | 98 | 62 |
| Opponent | Goals |
|---|---|
| Argentina | 7 |
| Uruguay | 5 |
| Chile | 4 |
| Mexico | 4 |
| Costa Rica | 4 |
| Venezuela | 3 |
| Australia | 3 |
| Bolivia | 3 |
| Peru | 3 |
| Sweden | 3 |
Honours
Club honours
Ronaldo's club career was marked by several collective successes across different teams in Brazil and Europe, where he contributed significantly to his sides' triumphs through his goal-scoring prowess.Cruzeiro
- Copa do Brasil (1993): Ronaldo helped Cruzeiro secure their first-ever Copa do Brasil title, defeating Grêmio 2–1 in the final on aggregate; he scored 5 goals in the competition, including a hat-trick against Colo-Colo in the round of 16.[171][11]
- Campeonato Mineiro (1994): Cruzeiro won the state championship undefeated, with Ronaldo as the top scorer with 22 goals in 20 matches, securing the title with a 1–0 victory over Atlético Mineiro in the final.[172]
PSV Eindhoven
- Eredivisie (1994–95): PSV won the Dutch league title; Ronaldo was the top scorer with 30 goals in 33 appearances.[7]
- Eredivisie (1995–96): PSV retained the league title; Ronaldo scored 23 goals in 25 league matches.[7]
- KNVB Cup (1995–96): PSV clinched the Dutch Cup by beating Sparta Rotterdam 5–2 in the final; Ronaldo contributed 1 goal in the tournament across 4 appearances, helping propel the team to victory.[173]
Barcelona
- Copa del Rey (1996–97): Barcelona defeated Real Betis 3–2 in the final to win the Spanish Cup; Ronaldo scored 3 goals in 7 matches during the competition.[174][23]
- UEFA Cup Winners' Cup (1996–97): In a 1–0 final win over Paris Saint-Germain, Ronaldo netted the decisive goal; he tallied 4 goals in 6 European matches that season.[174][23]
Inter Milan
- UEFA Cup (1997–98): Inter triumphed 3–0 over Lazio in the final in Ronaldo's absence due to injury, but he had scored 6 goals in 11 matches earlier in the tournament to aid the run.[173]
Real Madrid
- La Liga (2002–03): Real Madrid claimed the Spanish league title, finishing one point ahead of Real Sociedad; Ronaldo scored 23 goals in 31 league appearances, playing a pivotal role in the success.[1]
- Supercopa de España (2003): Real Madrid defeated Mallorca 3–1 on aggregate; Ronaldo scored 1 goal in the competition.[173]
- UEFA Super Cup (2002): Real Madrid beat Feyenoord 3–1 in the final; Ronaldo scored 1 goal in the match.[173]
- Intercontinental Cup (2002): In a 2–0 victory over Olimpia, Ronaldo scored both goals in the final at Tokyo's National Stadium.[1]
- La Liga (2006–07): Real Madrid won the Spanish league title; Ronaldo contributed 14 goals in 27 appearances across all competitions before his departure in February 2007.[1]
Corinthians
- Campeonato Paulista (2009): Corinthians won the state championship, edging Santos 4–2 on aggregate in the final; Ronaldo scored 10 goals in 14 matches, including two in the first leg of the final.[175][176]
- Copa do Brasil (2009): Corinthians lifted the cup with a 4–2 aggregate win over Internacional in the final; Ronaldo netted 3 goals in 6 appearances during the tournament.[171][175]
International honours
Ronaldo's international career with Brazil was marked by significant team successes, particularly in major tournaments, where he contributed both as a squad member and a key starter. He featured in four FIFA World Cups, helping Brazil secure two titles and a runners-up finish, while also leading the team to victories in the Copa América and the FIFA Confederations Cup.[177][42] In the 1994 FIFA World Cup, the 17-year-old Ronaldo was the youngest member of Brazil's squad that won the tournament in the United States, though he did not appear in any matches.[177] Four years later, at the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France, Ronaldo played a prominent role despite a convulsion episode before the final, as Brazil reached the championship match but lost 3-0 to the hosts.[178] His most celebrated World Cup achievement came in 2002 in South Korea and Japan, where he started as Brazil claimed their fifth title, defeating Germany 2-0 in the final; Ronaldo scored both goals in the decider and finished as the tournament's top scorer with eight goals overall.[179] Ronaldo was instrumental in Brazil's consecutive Copa América triumphs in 1997 and 1999. In the 1997 edition hosted by Bolivia, he scored five goals to share the top-scorer honour and netted the third goal in the 3-1 final victory over Bolivia.[55] Two years later in Paraguay, he again led the scoring charts with five goals, including one in the 3-0 final win against Uruguay.[180] Brazil's 1997 FIFA Confederations Cup victory in Saudi Arabia showcased Ronaldo's finishing prowess, as he scored a hat-trick in the 6-0 final rout of Australia, partnering with Romário—who also netted three—for a memorable "Ro-Ro" performance.[83] Ronaldo also participated in the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, where he helped Brazil secure the bronze medal in men's football after a semifinal loss to Nigeria; he contributed three goals across the tournament, including one in the 5-0 bronze-medal match against Portugal.[181]| Tournament | Achievement | Year | Ronaldo's Contribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| FIFA World Cup | Winner | 1994 | Squad member (no appearances) |
| FIFA World Cup | Runner-up | 1998 | 4 goals in 7 matches |
| FIFA World Cup | Winner | 2002 | 8 goals (top scorer), 2 in final |
| Copa América | Winner | 1997 | 5 goals (co-top scorer), 1 in final |
| Copa América | Winner | 1999 | 5 goals (co-top scorer), 1 in final |
| FIFA Confederations Cup | Winner | 1997 | 3 goals (hat-trick in final) |
| Olympic Games | Bronze medal | 1996 | 3 goals in 5 matches |