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Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur
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Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur
Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur Pasha (Arabic: الزبير رحمة منصور; c. 1830 – January 1913), also known as Sebehr Rahma or Rahama Zobeir, was a Sudanese slave trader and warlord in the late 19th century. He was later acknowledged by Isma'il Pasha, of the Khedivate of Egypt in granting him the title of Governor over Bahr el Ghazal (today western South Sudan).
His reputation as an archenemy of General Charles Gordon led to him gaining a near-mythic status in the United Kingdom, where he was referred to as "the richest and worst", a "Slaver King" "who [had] chained lions as part of his escort".
Born in 1830 as Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur, he came from the Gemaab section of the Ja'alin, an Arab tribe in northern Sudan.
He began his large-scale business in 1856, when he left Khartoum with a small army, to set up a network of trading forts known as zaribas, focusing his efforts on slave trading and ivory sales. At its height, his trading empire, backed by a personal army, controlled much of the Bahr el Ghazal as well as what are today parts of Chad and the Central African Republic.
In 1871, at the height of his power, Rahma was visited at his headquarters in Deim Zubeir by Georg Schweinfurth, who described the slave trader's court as "little less than princely". Isma'il Pasha of Egypt desired control over the region, but Rahma defeated a mercenary army sent against him. Instead in 1873 Isma'il added the region to his empire by acknowledging Rahma's power and granting him the title of Governor over Bahr el Ghazal.
Eventually Rahma controlled 30 zaribas, and earned the titles of bey and Pasha, after allying himself, and his lieutenant Rabih az-Zubayr, with the khedive Ismail Pasha briefly during the invasion of Darfur, where he led the southern forces. He was referred to as "the Black Pasha", and ultimately wished to become Governor General.
In 1877, General Gordon arrived as the newly appointed Governor of the Sudan, and sought to suppress the slave trade. Rahma brought his grievances to Cairo, asking for the Governorship of the newly conquered Darfur, but was rejected. Egyptian authorities also prohibited his return to Sudan, but allowed him to travel to Constantinople at the outbreak of the Russo-Turkish War.
That year, Gordon wrote back home "I have to contend with many vested interests, with fanaticism, with the abolition...with a large semi-independent province lately under Sebehr, the Black Pasha, at Bahr Gazelle".
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Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur
Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur Pasha (Arabic: الزبير رحمة منصور; c. 1830 – January 1913), also known as Sebehr Rahma or Rahama Zobeir, was a Sudanese slave trader and warlord in the late 19th century. He was later acknowledged by Isma'il Pasha, of the Khedivate of Egypt in granting him the title of Governor over Bahr el Ghazal (today western South Sudan).
His reputation as an archenemy of General Charles Gordon led to him gaining a near-mythic status in the United Kingdom, where he was referred to as "the richest and worst", a "Slaver King" "who [had] chained lions as part of his escort".
Born in 1830 as Al-Zubayr Rahma Mansur, he came from the Gemaab section of the Ja'alin, an Arab tribe in northern Sudan.
He began his large-scale business in 1856, when he left Khartoum with a small army, to set up a network of trading forts known as zaribas, focusing his efforts on slave trading and ivory sales. At its height, his trading empire, backed by a personal army, controlled much of the Bahr el Ghazal as well as what are today parts of Chad and the Central African Republic.
In 1871, at the height of his power, Rahma was visited at his headquarters in Deim Zubeir by Georg Schweinfurth, who described the slave trader's court as "little less than princely". Isma'il Pasha of Egypt desired control over the region, but Rahma defeated a mercenary army sent against him. Instead in 1873 Isma'il added the region to his empire by acknowledging Rahma's power and granting him the title of Governor over Bahr el Ghazal.
Eventually Rahma controlled 30 zaribas, and earned the titles of bey and Pasha, after allying himself, and his lieutenant Rabih az-Zubayr, with the khedive Ismail Pasha briefly during the invasion of Darfur, where he led the southern forces. He was referred to as "the Black Pasha", and ultimately wished to become Governor General.
In 1877, General Gordon arrived as the newly appointed Governor of the Sudan, and sought to suppress the slave trade. Rahma brought his grievances to Cairo, asking for the Governorship of the newly conquered Darfur, but was rejected. Egyptian authorities also prohibited his return to Sudan, but allowed him to travel to Constantinople at the outbreak of the Russo-Turkish War.
That year, Gordon wrote back home "I have to contend with many vested interests, with fanaticism, with the abolition...with a large semi-independent province lately under Sebehr, the Black Pasha, at Bahr Gazelle".
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