- Wikipedia

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Leonard Bernstein
Bernstein in 1977
Born	Louis Bernstein (1918-08-25)August 25, 1918 Lawrence, Massachusetts, U.S.
Died	October 14, 1990(1990-10-14) (aged 72) New York City, U.S.
Burial place	Green-Wood Cemetery
Education	Harvard University (BA) Curtis Institute of Music (Dip)
Occupations	\n Conductor \n composer \n pianist \n lecturer \n author \n
Works	List of compositions
Spouse	\n Felicia Montealegre \n (m. 1951; died 1978)
Children	3
Awards	Full list
Signature

Leonard Bernstein (/\u02c8b\u025c\u02d0rnsta\u026an/ BURN-styne;^[1] born Louis Bernstein; August 25, 1918 \u2013 October 14, 1990) was an American conductor, composer, pianist, music educator, author, and humanitarian. Considered to be one of the most important conductors of his time, he was the first American-born conductor to receive international acclaim. Bernstein was \"one of the most prodigiously talented and successful musicians in American history\" according to music critic Donal Henahan.^[2] Bernstein's honors and accolades include seven Emmy Awards,^[3] two Tony Awards,^[4] and 16 Grammy Awards (including the Lifetime Achievement Award)^[5] as well as an Academy Award nomination. He received the Kennedy Center Honor in 1981.^[6]\n

As a composer, Bernstein wrote in many genres, including symphonic and orchestral music, ballet, film and theatre music, choral works, opera, chamber music, and pieces for the piano. Bernstein's works include the Broadway musical West Side Story, which continues to be regularly performed worldwide, and has been adapted into two (1961 and 2021) feature films, as well as three symphonies, Serenade after Plato's \"Symposium\" (1954), and Chichester Psalms (1965), the original score for the Elia Kazan drama film On the Waterfront (1954), and theater works including On the Town (1944), Wonderful Town (1953), Candide (1956), and his Mass (1971).\n

Bernstein was the first American-born conductor to lead a major American symphony orchestra.^[7] He was music director of the New York Philharmonic and conducted the world's major orchestras, generating a legacy of audio and video recordings.^[8] Bernstein was also a critical figure in the modern revival of the music of Gustav Mahler, in whose music he was most interested.^[9] A skilled pianist,^[10] Bernstein often conducted piano concertos from the keyboard. He shared and explored classical music on television with a mass audience in national and international broadcasts, including Young People's Concerts with the New York Philharmonic.^[11]\n

Bernstein worked in support of civil rights,^[12] protested against the Vietnam War,^[13] advocated nuclear disarmament, raised money for HIV/AIDS research and awareness, and engaged in multiple international initiatives for human rights and world peace. He conducted Mahler's Resurrection Symphony to mark the death of president John F. Kennedy,^[14] and in Israel at a concert, Hatikvah on Mt. Scopus, after the Six-Day War.^[15] The sequence of events was recorded for a documentary entitled Journey to Jerusalem.^[16] At the end of his life, Bernstein conducted a performance of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 in Berlin to celebrate the fall of the Berlin Wall.\n

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v t e Leonard Bernstein
\n List of compositions \n Awards \n
Opera and operetta	\n Trouble in Tahiti (1951) \n Candide (1956) \n A Quiet Place (1983) \n
Musicals	\n On the Town (1944)\n \"New York, New York\" \n \"Lonely Town\" \n Peter Pan (1950) \n Wonderful Town (1953)\n \"Ohio\" \n West Side Story (1957)\n \"A Boy Like That\" \n \"America\" \n \"Cool\" \n \"Gee, Officer Krupke\" \n \"I Feel Pretty\" \n \"Maria\" \n \"One Hand, One Heart\" \n \"Something's Coming\" \n \"Somewhere\" \n Tonight\" \n \"Tonight Quintet\" \n A Party with Betty Comden and Adolph Green (1958, collaboration) \n The Race to Urga (1968) \n 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue (1976) \n The Madwoman of Central Park West (1979, contribution) \n
Ballet	\n Fancy Free (1944) \n Dybbuk (1974) \n
Orchestral music	\n Symphony No. 1 (Jeremiah) (1942) \n Symphony No. 2 (The Age of Anxiety) (1948\u201349, revised 1965) \n Symphony No. 3 (Kaddish) (1963) \n Fanfare for the Inauguration of John F. Kennedy (1961) \n CBS Music (1976) \n Slava! A Political Overture (1977) \n Divertimento (1980) \n Concerto for Orchestra (1986, 1988, 1989, originally Jubilee Games) \n
Concertante	\n Prelude, Fugue and Riffs (1948) \n Serenade after Plato's \"Symposium\" (1954) \n \u1e24alil (1981) \n
Chamber music	\n Piano Trio (1937) \n Clarinet Sonata (1942) \n Dance Suite (1989) \n
Choral	\n Hashkiveinu (1945) \n Chichester Psalms (1965) \n \"Olympic Hymn\" (1981) \n Missa Brevis (1988) \n
Vocal	\n Psalm 148 (art song, 1935) \n I Hate Music (song cycle, 1943) \n La Bonne Cuisine (song cycle, 1947) \n \"So Pretty\" (1968) \n Songfest: A Cycle of American Poems for Six Singers and Orchestra (1977) \n \"My Twelve Tone Melody\" (1988) \n
Piano music	\n Non troppo presto (Music for the Dance No. 1) (1937) \n Music for the Dance No. 2 (1938) \n Sonata for the Piano (1938) \n Anniversaries (1942\u20141988)\n Seven Ann. (1942\u201343) \n Four Ann. (1948) \n Five Ann. (1949\u201351) \n Thirteen Ann. (1988) \n Four Sabras (ca. 1950) \n Bridal Suite (1960) \n Touches (1980) \n
Other compositions	\n The Lark (incidental music) (1955) \n Mass (1971) \n Opening Prayer (1986) \n
Film adaptations	\n On the Town (1949 film) \n West Side Story (1961 film) \n West Side Story (2021 film) \n
Books	\n The Joy of Music \n
Related articles	\n Academy for the Love of Learning \n Artful Learning \n Bernstein\u2013Mahler cycle \n Inside Pop: The Rock Revolution \n Leonard Bernstein Festival of the Creative Arts \n New York Philharmonic concert of April 6, 1962 \n Pacific Music Festival \n These Radical Chic Evenings (1970 essay) \n The Unanswered Question (lecture series) \n Young People's Concerts \n Maestro (2023 film)\n soundtrack \n
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Authority control databases $\"Edit$
International	ISNI 2 VIAF FAST 2 WorldCat
National	Germany United States France BnF data Japan Italy Australia Czech Republic Spain Portugal Netherlands Norway Latvia Croatia Greece Korea Sweden Poland Vatican Israel Finland Catalonia Belgium
Academics	CiNii
Artists	MusicBrainz Discography of American Historical Recordings BRAHMS Grammy Awards Emmy Awards FID
People	BMLO Trove Deutsche Biographie DDB
Other	IdRef SNAC 2 RISM

Early life and education

1918\u20131935: Early life and family

1935\u20131941: College years

Career

1940s: Rise to prominence

New York Philharmonic conducting debut

Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, television debut and Tanglewood

1950s: Career expansion and West Side Story

1960s: Innovations and Lincoln Center

1970s: Mass, Dybbuk and international acclaim

1980s: A Quiet Place, and Tanglewood

Personal life

Death and legacy

Social activism and humanitarian efforts

FBI file

Civil rights

\"Radical Chic\"

Anti-Vietnam war efforts

Rostropovich and the Soviet Union

Nuclear disarmament

Advocacy for AIDS research and patient care

Philanthropy

Influence and characteristics

As a conductor

As an educator

As a composer

Audio recordings

Bibliography

Videography

Awards and honours

References

Citations

Sources

Further reading

External links

Archival records

Leonard Bernstein

Talks

18 April, 1944