Protected appointments system for hereditary privileges in Asia

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages)

This article needs attention from an expert in Korea, China, Japan or Vietnam. The specific problem is: lacks primary source, especially vietnamese and ryukyuan examples. WikiProject Korea, WikiProject China, WikiProject Japan or WikiProject Vietnam may be able to help recruit an expert. (February 2022)

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Chinese. (December 2021) Click [show] for important translation instructions.

View a machine-translated version of the Chinese article.
Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Chinese Wikipedia article at [[:zh:蔭襲]]; see its history for attribution.
You may also add the template {{Translated|zh|蔭襲}} to the talk page.
For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Korean. (December 2021) Click [show] for important translation instructions.

View a machine-translated version of the Korean article.
Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Korean Wikipedia article at [[:ko:음서]]; see its history for attribution.
You may also add the template {{Translated|ko|음서}} to the talk page.
For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Japanese. (December 2021) Click [show] for important translation instructions.

View a machine-translated version of the Japanese article.
Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Japanese Wikipedia article at [[:ja:蔭位]]; see its history for attribution.
You may also add the template {{Translated|ja|蔭位}} to the talk page.
For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

(Learn how and when to remove this message)

In the East Asian cultural sphere, a protected appointments system for hereditary privileges historically existed to select candidates for state bureaucracy based on their families. Originated in China, the system was one of the systems to select candidates for state bureaucracies besides imperial examinations.

Local varieties

[edit]

China

[edit]

The yinbuzhi (Chinese: 蔭補制) existed in the Tang dynasty and Song dynasty.^[1]

Korea

[edit]

Ŭmsŏ (Korean: 음서; Hanja: 蔭敍) was a system of the Goryeo dynasty that determined the suitability of the candidate based on their family backgrounds.There were four attested types of ŭmsŏ found in records.^[2]

Japan

[edit]

On-i (Japanese: 蔭位) was such a system for Japan that was adopted following the adoption of the Taihō Code in 701, and was allowed for Royal descendants and descendants of offices higher up.^[3]^[4]

Ryukyu

[edit]

Ryukyu's kage (蔭) is mentioned as one of the political positions in Ryukyu who wore attire appropriate for 8th class subordinates [zh; ja]).^[5]

Vietnam

[edit]

References

[edit]

^ [이성수의 생각]음서제. kgnews.
^ 음서. Encyclopedia of Korean Culture.
^ Engishiki
^ 井上光貞・関晃・土田直鎮・青木和夫校注『律令』（日本思想大系新装版、岩波書店、平成6年（1994年）） ISBN 978-4-00-003751-8
^ Xu, Baoguang [in Chinese]. Zhongshan Chuan Xin Lu (Book 5) 中山傳信錄.

Hub talks

Protected appointments system for hereditary privileges in Asia

Protected appointments system for hereditary privileges in Asia

Protected appointments system for hereditary privileges in Asia

Hub overview

Add your contribution

Inside this hub

Media Collections

Timelines

Articles

Notes collections

Notes

Days in Chronicle

Root Wikipedia Article

Protected appointments system for hereditary privileges in Asia

Local varieties

China

Korea

Japan

Ryukyu

Vietnam

References

Add your contribution

Related Hubs