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{"parse":{"title":"Trofim Lysenko","pageid":49185,"text":{"*":"

In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Denisovich and the family name is Lysenko.

Trofim Lysenko
\u0422\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043c \u041b\u044b\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e
Lysenko in 1938
Born	Trofim Denisovich Lysenko (1898-09-29)29 September 1898 Karlovka, Poltava Governorate, Russian Empire (now Karlivka, Poltava Oblast, Ukraine)
Died	20 November 1976(1976-11-20) (aged 78) Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Citizenship	Soviet Union
Alma mater	Kiev Agricultural Institute (1925) Uman Agropolytechnicum [ru] (1921)
Known for	\n Lysenkoism \n Rejecting Mendelian inheritance \n Vernalization \n
Awards	\n Hero of Socialist Labour \n Order of Lenin x8 \n Medal \"For Labour Valour\" \n Jubilee Medal \"In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin\" \n Medal \"For Valiant Labour in the Great Patriotic War 1941\u20131945\" \n Medal \"In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow\" \n Stalin Prize x3 \n
Scientific career
Fields	\n Biology \n Agronomy \n
Institutions	Soviet Academy of Sciences
Notable students	Artavazd Avakyan [ru], Pyotr Kononkov [ru]
\n
Signature

Trofim Denisovich Lysenko (Russian: \u0422\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0301\u043c \u0414\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u044b\u0441\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043a\u043e; Ukrainian: \u0422\u0440\u043e\u0445\u0438\u0301\u043c \u0414\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0301\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447 \u041b\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0301\u043d\u043a\u043e, romanized: Trokhym Denysovych Lysenko, IPA: [tro\u02c8x\u026am de\u02c8n\u026asow\u026at\u0283 l\u026a\u02c8s\u025bnko]; 29 September [O.S. 17 September] 1898 – 20 November 1976) was a Soviet agronomist and scientist.^[1]^[2] He was a proponent of Lamarckism, and rejected Mendelian genetics in favour of his own idiosyncratic, pseudoscientific ideas later termed Lysenkoism.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]\n

In 1940, Lysenko became director of the Institute of Genetics of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, and he used his political influence and power to suppress dissenting opinions and discredit, marginalize, and imprison his critics, elevating his anti-Mendelian theories to state-sanctioned doctrine.^[7]^[8]\n

Soviet scientists who refused to renounce genetics were dismissed from their posts and left destitute. Hundreds if not thousands of others were imprisoned. Several were sentenced to death as enemies of the state, including the botanist Nikolai Vavilov, whose sentence was commuted to prison.^[9] Lysenko's ideas and practices contributed to the famines that killed millions of Soviet people;^[9] the adoption of his methods from 1958 in the People's Republic of China had similarly calamitous results, contributing to the Great Chinese Famine of 1959 to 1961.^[9]\n

\n\n

v t e Lysenkoism
Lysenkoists	\n Trofim Lysenko \n J. D. Bernal \n Nikita Khrushchev \n Joseph Stalin \n VASKhNIL \n
Dissidents	\n Wac\u0142aw Gajewski \n Georgii Karpechenko \n Zhores Medvedev \n Georgii Nadson \n Hans Stubbe \n Tan Jiazhen \n Nikolai Vavilov \n
Concepts	\n Heredity \n Heritability \n Hybridization \n Inheritance of acquired characteristics \n Lamarckism \n Mendelian inheritance \n Vernalization \n
Soviet policies	\n Bourgeois pseudoscience \n Collectivization in the Soviet Union \n Pavlovian session \n Suppressed research in the Soviet Union \n Politicization of science \n

Authority control databases $\"Edit$
International	ISNI VIAF FAST WorldCat
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Other	IdRef SNAC Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine

Early life and study

Academic career

Work in Azerbaijan

Work in Odessa

After Odessa and first confrontation with geneticists

Tree planting

World War II

Post-war

August 1948 session of VASKhNIL

Politics

Repression of biologists

Consequences of Lysenko's views

After Stalin

Lysenko's theories

\"The influence of the thermal factor on the duration of plant development phases\"

Vernalization

Theory of stage development of plants

Summer potato planting

Sowing over stover

Inheritance of acquired traits

Works

Honours and awards

Legacy

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

Trofim Lysenko

Talks

1 January, 1925