Ángela Ruiz Robles

Ángela Ruiz Robles, the inventor of the Mechanical Encyclopedia, died in Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain. She passed away having never seen her invention commercially produced, but leaving behind a legacy of innovation in education.

Ángela Ruiz Robles, the Spanish teacher, writer, pioneer, and inventor of the mechanical precursor to the electronic book, was born in Villamanín, León, Spain. She later became known for her invention of the Mechanical Encyclopedia, an early concept for an e-reader.