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Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination
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Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination
The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) and its subsequent versions (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised, ACE-R and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III, ACE-III) are neuropsychological tests used to identify cognitive impairment in conditions such as dementia.
The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination was originally developed as a theoretically motivated extension of the mini–mental state examination (MMSE) which attempted to address the neuropsychological omissions and improve the screening performance of the latter.
The ACE encompassed tests of five cognitive domains: attention/orientation, memory, language, verbal fluency, and visuospatial skills. It is scored out of 100, with a higher score denoting better cognitive function. At the recommended cut-off scores of 88 and 82, the ACE was reported to have good sensitivity and specificity for identifying different forms of dementia and other impairments of memory and judgement (0.93 and 0.71; 0.82 and 0.96, respectively). The ACE also incorporated the MMSE, such that this score (out of 30) might also be generated.
The ACE-R was a development of the earlier ACE which also incorporated the MMSE, but had clearly defined subdomain scores.
The ACE-III was developed to improve the performance of certain parts of the test and also to avoid a potential copyright violation by replacing the elements shared with the MMSE.
The current version of the test is the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III). This consists of 19 activities which test five cognitive domains: attention, memory, fluency, language and visuospatial processing.
Attention is tested by asking the patient for the date including the season and the current location; repeating back three simple words; and serial subtraction. An example is something like "subtract seven from 100 and then continue subtracting seven away from each new number."
Memory is tested by asking the patient to recall the three words previously repeated; memorising and recalling a fictional name and address; and recalling widely known historical facts. The memory section is split into five sections scattered throughout the tests.
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Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination
The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) and its subsequent versions (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised, ACE-R and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III, ACE-III) are neuropsychological tests used to identify cognitive impairment in conditions such as dementia.
The Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination was originally developed as a theoretically motivated extension of the mini–mental state examination (MMSE) which attempted to address the neuropsychological omissions and improve the screening performance of the latter.
The ACE encompassed tests of five cognitive domains: attention/orientation, memory, language, verbal fluency, and visuospatial skills. It is scored out of 100, with a higher score denoting better cognitive function. At the recommended cut-off scores of 88 and 82, the ACE was reported to have good sensitivity and specificity for identifying different forms of dementia and other impairments of memory and judgement (0.93 and 0.71; 0.82 and 0.96, respectively). The ACE also incorporated the MMSE, such that this score (out of 30) might also be generated.
The ACE-R was a development of the earlier ACE which also incorporated the MMSE, but had clearly defined subdomain scores.
The ACE-III was developed to improve the performance of certain parts of the test and also to avoid a potential copyright violation by replacing the elements shared with the MMSE.
The current version of the test is the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III). This consists of 19 activities which test five cognitive domains: attention, memory, fluency, language and visuospatial processing.
Attention is tested by asking the patient for the date including the season and the current location; repeating back three simple words; and serial subtraction. An example is something like "subtract seven from 100 and then continue subtracting seven away from each new number."
Memory is tested by asking the patient to recall the three words previously repeated; memorising and recalling a fictional name and address; and recalling widely known historical facts. The memory section is split into five sections scattered throughout the tests.