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Al-Mu'ayyad

Ibrahim ibn Jaʽfar al-Mutawakkil (Arabic: ابراهيم بن جعفر المتوكل; died 866), better known by his laqab al-Mu'ayyad (المؤيد), was an Abbasid prince, the third son of the Abbasid caliph al-Mutawakkil, He was the governor of Syria from 850 to 861 and also for a time third-in-line to the Abbasid throne.

Al-Mua'yyad was the brother of al-Muntasir and al-Mu'tazz, who both would eventually become caliphs as well.

Al-Mu'ayyad was the son of Al-Mutawakkil and his concubine, Umm Ishaq, an Andulasian concubine.

His father, caliph al-Mutawakkil had created a plan of succession that would allow his sons to inherit the caliphate after his death; he would be succeeded first by his eldest son, al-Muntasir, then by al-Mu'tazz and third by al-Mu'ayyad.

In 849, al-Mutawakkil arranged for his succession, by appointing three of his sons as heirs and assigning them the governance and proceeds of the Empire's provinces: the eldest, al-Muntasir, was named first heir, and received governorship of Egypt, the Jazira, and the proceeds of the rents in the capital, Samarra; al-Mu'tazz was charged with supervising the domains of the governor in the Khorasan; and al-Mu'ayyad was placed in charge of Syria.

Al-Mutawakkil had seemed to favour al-Muntasir. However, this appeared to change and al-Muntasir feared his father was going to move against him. With the implicit support of the Turkic faction of the army, he plotted the assassination of al-Mutawakkil which was carried out by a Turkic soldier on December 11, 861.

The Turkic regiments then prevailed on al-Muntasir to remove his brothers from the succession, fearing revenge for the murder of their father. In their place, he was to appoint his son as heir-apparent. On April 27, 862 both brothers, al-Mu'ayyad and al-Mu'tazz, wrote a statement of abdication. During al-Muntasir's short reign (r. 861–862), the Turks convinced him into removing al-Mu'tazz and al-Mu'ayyad from the succession. When al-Muntasir died of unknown causes, the Turkic officers gathered together and decided to install the dead caliph's cousin al-Musta'in (al-Mutawakkil's Nephew) on the throne.

The new caliph was almost immediately faced with a large riot in Samarra in support of the disenfranchised al-Mu'tazz; the rioters were put down by the military but casualties on both sides were heavy. Al-Musta'in, worried that al-Mu'tazz or al-Mua'yyad could press their claims to the caliphate, first attempted to buy them off and then threw them in prison.

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