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This article is about the inventor of the telephone. For the song about him, see The Sweet.

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Alexander Graham Bell
Bell, c. 1917
Born	Alexander Bell (1847-03-03)March 3, 1847 Edinburgh, Scotland
Died	August 2, 1922(1922-08-02) (aged 75) Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia, Canada
Citizenship	United Kingdom (1847\u20131922) British-subject in Canada (1870\u20131882) United States (1882\u20131922)
Alma mater	University of Edinburgh University College London
Occupations	Inventor scientist engineer professor ^a teacher of the deaf ^[2]
Known for	Invention of the telephone ^b Co-founder of Bell Telephone Company, Bell Canada and AT&T
Spouse	\n Mabel Gardiner Hubbard \n (m. 1877)
Children	4
Parents	\n Alexander Melville Bell \n Eliza Grace Symonds \n
Relatives	Gardiner G. Hubbard (father-in-law) David C. Bell (uncle) Gilbert H. Grosvenor (son-in-law) David Fairchild (son-in-law) Melville Bell Grosvenor (grandson) Mabel Grosvenor (granddaughter) A. Graham Bell Fairchild (grandson) Gilbert Grosvenor (great-grandson) Edwin Grosvenor (great-grandson) Chichester Bell (cousin)
Awards	Volta Prize (1880) Membership of NAS (1883) Albert Medal (1902) John Fritz Medal (1907) Elliott Cresson Medal (1912) Hughes Medal (1913) AIEE Edison Medal (1914)
\n \n \n Bell's voice [3] \n \n Re-identified in 2013, Bell made this wax-disc recording of his voice in 1885. \n
Signature

Notes
^a Boston University (see below). ^b See below. ^c Two died soon after birth.

Alexander Graham Bell (/\u02c8\u0261re\u026a.\u0259m/; born Alexander Bell; March 3, 1847 \u2013 August 2, 1922)^[4] was a Scottish-born^{[N 1]} Canadian-American inventor, scientist, and engineer who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone. He also co-founded the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in 1885.^[7]\n

Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work.^[8] His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices, which eventually culminated in his being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone, on March 7, 1876.^{[N 2]} Bell considered his invention an intrusion on his real work as a scientist and refused to have a telephone in his study.^[9]^{[N 3]}\n

Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils, and aeronautics. Bell also had a strong influence on the National Geographic Society^[11] and its magazine while serving as its second president from 1898 to 1903.\n

Beyond his work in engineering, Bell had a deep interest in the emerging science of heredity.^[12] His work in this area has been called \"the soundest, and most useful study of human heredity proposed in nineteenth-century America... Bell's most notable contribution to basic science, as distinct from invention.\"^[13]\n

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Early life

First invention

Education

First experiments with sound

Family tragedy

Canada

Work with deaf people

Continuing experimentation

The telephone

The race to the patent office

Later developments

Competitors

Family life

Later inventions

Photophone

Metal detector

Hydrofoils

Aeronautics

Heredity and genetics

Death

Legacy and honors

Honorary degrees

Portrayal in film, television and fiction

Bibliography

See also

References

Notes

Citations

Further reading

External links

Multimedia

Alexander Graham Bell

Media collections