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Budapesti Közlekedési Zrt.
Budapesti Közlekedési Zártkörűen Működő Részvénytársaság, abbreviated to BKV Zrt. (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈbudɒpɛʃti ˈkøzlɛkɛdeːʃi ˈzeːjɛrteː], "Budapest Transit Company", the abbreviation BKV stands for its earlier name Budapesti Közlekedési Vállalat) is the main public transport operator in Budapest, Hungary. BKV was established in 1968 as a unified public transport company with the merger of the companies responsible for the different means of transport: bus operator FAÜ (Fővárosi Autóbuszüzem), tram and trolleybus operator FVV (Fővárosi Villamosvasút), suburban railway operator BHÉV (Budapesti Helyiérdekű Vasút) and riverboat operator FHV (Fővárosi Hajózási Vállalat). The metro was added in 1973. Transport in Budapest underwent another reorganization in 2010 when BKK (Budapesti Közlekedési Központ, "Budapest Transit Centre") was founded for the management of the city transport and infrastructure.
Since then, BKV is the largest public transport contractor of BKK, operating 4 metro lines, 36 tram, and 13 trolley bus routes, and 30% of the 243 local bus and 46 night bus lines.[citation needed]
City-owned BKV runs most of the vehicles of the extensive network of surface mass transportation in Budapest, with the emphasis on buses. The 900~ BKV-owned buses in Budapest circulate on 30% of the 243 routes. The buses are painted sky blue. Trolleybuses in red livery are operated on 13 routes. The night service is provided exclusively by buses and by the trams on Great Boulevard, but is planned to be overhauled in the future. The articulated bus is a hallmark of Budapest; both diesel and ETB bendy vehicles have been running since the late 1950s and still form the majority of BKV's fleet.
The late-2000s road rebuilding effort (affecting 50% of the city's principal roadways) also changed the lanes, creating distinct lanes for vehicles, reducing the travel time of the buses. Completing the eastern sector of M0 beltway around the city in 2008 significantly reduced traffic congestion, and the inauguration of metro line M4 in 2014 further helped the situation. Competitive wages are still a serious issue as bus drivers are often lured to the trucking industry.
BKV operates 36 city tram routes, including the Budapest Cog Railway that operates as tram line 60. The once-extensive network of tram tracks and the brown striped yellow trams were a characteristic of Budapest, but the network was curtailed under Communism owing to lack of funding. Line 4-6 is still the largest capacity tramline in Europe. The tram services are now set to have a renaissance as there is no further road capacity for bus lanes in Budapest. Replacing the more than 40-year-old rolling stock started in 2006 with new 54-meter long Siemens Combino Supra giants completely replacing former carriages on the 4-6 line.
The underground railway network is less extensive, consisting of four lines, but is still largely the most used mean of public transport in Budapest, with more than 1 million riders per day. The M1 line (or Földalatti), whose colour is yellow, is a small underground tramway inaugurated in 1896. The other three are full-sized metro lines: M2 (red), M3 (blue) and M4 (green). M2 and M4 run roughly east–west, while M3 runs mostly north–south. In 2005 a "BEB" monthly pass was introduced for a 10% extra cost over the regular price, which permitted the use of the MÁV national railway lines within the city area, effectively increasing the tracked service for BKV's passengers. Since 2009, all monthly (and 15-day) passes, now called the "Budapest-pass", are valid on the national railway and suburban bus lines within city boundaries.
As of 2009, approximately 54% of the passenger traffic in Budapest, a city of 1.7 million inhabitants, is still carried by BKV vehicles, with the remaining 46% using private vehicles. During 2003, a total of 1.4 billion people travelled by BKV. During the Socialist era, Budapest had 2 million residents and its public vs. private transport ratio (the so-called modal split) was 80% : 20% in favor of mass transit. This ratio was a result of artificial restriction: COMECON rules did not allow Hungary to produce private cars domestically and Dacia / Lada / Škoda / Trabant / Wartburg (marque) car imports were never enough. (After the Iron Curtain fell, a large number of second hand cars were imported from Austria and Western Europe, leading to rapid private motorisation of Budapest's streets.)
After the fall of Communism, BKV was initially plagued by a lack of funding. It survived by selling some of its garages and repair bases for mall and housing development. By October 2009, the average BKV diesel bus was 16.5 years old and the oldest one of the 1,400 strong fleet was 24 years old, with 3.5 million kilometers to its track record. Yet starting in 2010, a bus replacement program scrapped most of those old buses and increased the ratio of modern, air-conditioned low-floor buses to 80% by 2016. Since November 2022, BKV operates only low-floor buses.
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Budapesti Közlekedési Zrt.
Budapesti Közlekedési Zártkörűen Működő Részvénytársaság, abbreviated to BKV Zrt. (Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈbudɒpɛʃti ˈkøzlɛkɛdeːʃi ˈzeːjɛrteː], "Budapest Transit Company", the abbreviation BKV stands for its earlier name Budapesti Közlekedési Vállalat) is the main public transport operator in Budapest, Hungary. BKV was established in 1968 as a unified public transport company with the merger of the companies responsible for the different means of transport: bus operator FAÜ (Fővárosi Autóbuszüzem), tram and trolleybus operator FVV (Fővárosi Villamosvasút), suburban railway operator BHÉV (Budapesti Helyiérdekű Vasút) and riverboat operator FHV (Fővárosi Hajózási Vállalat). The metro was added in 1973. Transport in Budapest underwent another reorganization in 2010 when BKK (Budapesti Közlekedési Központ, "Budapest Transit Centre") was founded for the management of the city transport and infrastructure.
Since then, BKV is the largest public transport contractor of BKK, operating 4 metro lines, 36 tram, and 13 trolley bus routes, and 30% of the 243 local bus and 46 night bus lines.[citation needed]
City-owned BKV runs most of the vehicles of the extensive network of surface mass transportation in Budapest, with the emphasis on buses. The 900~ BKV-owned buses in Budapest circulate on 30% of the 243 routes. The buses are painted sky blue. Trolleybuses in red livery are operated on 13 routes. The night service is provided exclusively by buses and by the trams on Great Boulevard, but is planned to be overhauled in the future. The articulated bus is a hallmark of Budapest; both diesel and ETB bendy vehicles have been running since the late 1950s and still form the majority of BKV's fleet.
The late-2000s road rebuilding effort (affecting 50% of the city's principal roadways) also changed the lanes, creating distinct lanes for vehicles, reducing the travel time of the buses. Completing the eastern sector of M0 beltway around the city in 2008 significantly reduced traffic congestion, and the inauguration of metro line M4 in 2014 further helped the situation. Competitive wages are still a serious issue as bus drivers are often lured to the trucking industry.
BKV operates 36 city tram routes, including the Budapest Cog Railway that operates as tram line 60. The once-extensive network of tram tracks and the brown striped yellow trams were a characteristic of Budapest, but the network was curtailed under Communism owing to lack of funding. Line 4-6 is still the largest capacity tramline in Europe. The tram services are now set to have a renaissance as there is no further road capacity for bus lanes in Budapest. Replacing the more than 40-year-old rolling stock started in 2006 with new 54-meter long Siemens Combino Supra giants completely replacing former carriages on the 4-6 line.
The underground railway network is less extensive, consisting of four lines, but is still largely the most used mean of public transport in Budapest, with more than 1 million riders per day. The M1 line (or Földalatti), whose colour is yellow, is a small underground tramway inaugurated in 1896. The other three are full-sized metro lines: M2 (red), M3 (blue) and M4 (green). M2 and M4 run roughly east–west, while M3 runs mostly north–south. In 2005 a "BEB" monthly pass was introduced for a 10% extra cost over the regular price, which permitted the use of the MÁV national railway lines within the city area, effectively increasing the tracked service for BKV's passengers. Since 2009, all monthly (and 15-day) passes, now called the "Budapest-pass", are valid on the national railway and suburban bus lines within city boundaries.
As of 2009, approximately 54% of the passenger traffic in Budapest, a city of 1.7 million inhabitants, is still carried by BKV vehicles, with the remaining 46% using private vehicles. During 2003, a total of 1.4 billion people travelled by BKV. During the Socialist era, Budapest had 2 million residents and its public vs. private transport ratio (the so-called modal split) was 80% : 20% in favor of mass transit. This ratio was a result of artificial restriction: COMECON rules did not allow Hungary to produce private cars domestically and Dacia / Lada / Škoda / Trabant / Wartburg (marque) car imports were never enough. (After the Iron Curtain fell, a large number of second hand cars were imported from Austria and Western Europe, leading to rapid private motorisation of Budapest's streets.)
After the fall of Communism, BKV was initially plagued by a lack of funding. It survived by selling some of its garages and repair bases for mall and housing development. By October 2009, the average BKV diesel bus was 16.5 years old and the oldest one of the 1,400 strong fleet was 24 years old, with 3.5 million kilometers to its track record. Yet starting in 2010, a bus replacement program scrapped most of those old buses and increased the ratio of modern, air-conditioned low-floor buses to 80% by 2016. Since November 2022, BKV operates only low-floor buses.
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