The United States Department of Justice and several state governments sue Microsoft, alleging that the company illegally maintained its monopoly in the operating system market by anticompetitive means, particularly through its bundling of Internet Explorer with Windows. The case led to a settlement that imposed restrictions on Microsoft's business practices.

The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's philanthropic activities have faced criticism regarding their effectiveness, priorities, and potential unintended consequences. Some critics argue that the Foundation's focus on specific approaches, such as promoting genetically modified crops or supporting particular educational reforms, may not always align with the needs and priorities of the communities they aim to serve.

Bill Gates and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation have faced misinformation and conspiracy theories related to vaccine development and distribution, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. These controversies have included false claims about the Foundation's role in vaccine research, its alleged intentions behind vaccine distribution, and the safety and efficacy of vaccines.

During and after Bill Gates's divorce from Melinda Gates, allegations of past workplace misconduct and inappropriate behavior surfaced, including reports of an alleged affair with a Microsoft employee. These allegations led to scrutiny of Gates's past behavior and its impact on Microsoft's corporate culture.

The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's significant financial resources and influence on global health, development, and education policies have drawn criticism from some who argue that the Foundation's priorities may disproportionately shape international agendas and divert attention from other important issues.