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Blackfeet Nation
The Blackfeet Nation (Blackfoot: Aamsskáápipikani / ǎmssk̇ǎaṗiiṗiik̇ǔni, Pikuni / ṗiik̇ǔni), officially named the Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation of Montana, is a federally recognized tribe of Siksikaitsitapi people with an Indian reservation in Montana. Tribal members primarily belong to the Piegan Blackfeet (Ampskapi Piikani) band of the larger Blackfoot Confederacy that spans Canada and the United States.
The Blackfeet Indian Reservation is located east of Glacier National Park and borders the Canadian province of Alberta. Cut Bank Creek and Birch Creek form part of its eastern and southern borders. The reservation contains 3,000 square miles (7,800 km2), twice the size of the national park and larger than the state of Delaware. It is located in parts of Glacier and Pondera counties.
The Blackfeet claim to have lived on the Northern Great Plains for thousands of years. Through raids in the Southern Plains and trade with the Cree, they eventually acquired firearms and horses. They were a powerful force on the Great Plains, controlling an area that extended from North of current day Edmonton, Alberta Province, as far South as to Yellowstone National Park; and as far West from Glacier Park all the way East to the Black Hills of South Dakota. After contact with settlers, they increasingly kept to the most Western regions of their territory and slowly exited what is now Eastern Montana and Western Saskatchewan. The Badger Two Medicine area, south of Glacier Park, was and remains an especially sacred site for the tribe.[citation needed]
During the late 19th century, Blackfeet territory was encroached on and annexed by European Americans and Canadians, who eventually forced the Blackfeet to cede their lands. The Blackfeet moved to smaller Indian reservations in the United States and reserves in Canada. Adjacent to their reservation, established by Treaty of 1896, are two federally controlled areas: the Lewis and Clark National Forest, set up in 1896, which contains the Badger-Two Medicine area, an area of 200 square miles (520 km2); and Glacier National Park, both part of the tribal nation's former territory. The Badger-Two Medicine area is sacred to the Blackfeet people. This sacred part of the Rocky Mountain Front was excluded from Blackfeet lands in a Treaty of 1896, but they reserved uninhibited access for hunting, foraging, and fishing rights. Since the early 1980s, when the Bureau of Land Management illegally sold drilling rights leases without consultation with the tribe (violating both treaty law and the U.S. Environmental Protections Act), the Blackfeet have worked to prevent ecological harm to land they know as sacred and roll back the leases.
The United States federal government temporarily suspended most leasing activities for drilling in this area in the 1990s, and in 2007 the Bush administration made permanent a moratorium on issuing new permits. Many leaseholders had already voluntarily relinquished their leases, and in November 2016 the Department of Interior announced the cancellation of the 15 drilling rights leases held by Devon Energy Corporation in the Badger-Two Medicine area. The Blackfeet had documented that the area was not a "wilderness," as the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex was designated in 1964, but a "human landscape" shaped by and integral to their culture. There was one remaining oil lease credited to the name of Solenex LLC which refused to give up its lease. In June 2020, a court ruled in favor of the Blackfeet Nation and maintained that Solenex cannot drill in the Badger Two Medicine. Later, during the Biden administration in 2021, a federal appeals court overturned the ruling and further authorized Solenex to drill. Tribal lawyers worked with a coalition of other tribes and nonprofits to settle with Solenex. In 2023, they settled for $2.3 million, ending all of Solenex's current and future activities on the land. The Blackfeet then coalesced a wide-ranging group of stakeholders, including tribal representatives, to oversee further stewardship and conservation of the Badger Two Medicine.
Elevations in the reservation range from a low of 3,400 feet (1,000 m) to a high of 9,066 feet (2,763 m) at Chief Mountain. Adjacent mountains include Ninaki Mountain and Papoose. The eastern part of the reservation is mostly open hills of grassland, while a narrow strip along the western edge is covered by forests of fir and spruce. Free-ranging cattle are present in several areas, sometimes including on roadways.
Several waterways drain the area with the largest being the St. Mary River, Two Medicine River, Milk River, Birch Creek and Cut Bank Creek. There are 175 miles (282 km) of streams and eight major lakes on the reservation.
The reservation is east of the Lewis and Clark National Forest in Montana, which contains the Badger-Two Medicine area, sacred to the Blackfeet people. The Badger-Two Medicine area is at the Rocky Mountain Front of the national forest. The Blackfeet call the Rocky Mountains the "Backbone of the World". Their names for peaks include Morning Star, Poia, Little Plume, Running Crane, Spotted Eagle, Kiyo, Scarface, Elkcalf Bullshoe, and Curly Bear.
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Blackfeet Nation
The Blackfeet Nation (Blackfoot: Aamsskáápipikani / ǎmssk̇ǎaṗiiṗiik̇ǔni, Pikuni / ṗiik̇ǔni), officially named the Blackfeet Tribe of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation of Montana, is a federally recognized tribe of Siksikaitsitapi people with an Indian reservation in Montana. Tribal members primarily belong to the Piegan Blackfeet (Ampskapi Piikani) band of the larger Blackfoot Confederacy that spans Canada and the United States.
The Blackfeet Indian Reservation is located east of Glacier National Park and borders the Canadian province of Alberta. Cut Bank Creek and Birch Creek form part of its eastern and southern borders. The reservation contains 3,000 square miles (7,800 km2), twice the size of the national park and larger than the state of Delaware. It is located in parts of Glacier and Pondera counties.
The Blackfeet claim to have lived on the Northern Great Plains for thousands of years. Through raids in the Southern Plains and trade with the Cree, they eventually acquired firearms and horses. They were a powerful force on the Great Plains, controlling an area that extended from North of current day Edmonton, Alberta Province, as far South as to Yellowstone National Park; and as far West from Glacier Park all the way East to the Black Hills of South Dakota. After contact with settlers, they increasingly kept to the most Western regions of their territory and slowly exited what is now Eastern Montana and Western Saskatchewan. The Badger Two Medicine area, south of Glacier Park, was and remains an especially sacred site for the tribe.[citation needed]
During the late 19th century, Blackfeet territory was encroached on and annexed by European Americans and Canadians, who eventually forced the Blackfeet to cede their lands. The Blackfeet moved to smaller Indian reservations in the United States and reserves in Canada. Adjacent to their reservation, established by Treaty of 1896, are two federally controlled areas: the Lewis and Clark National Forest, set up in 1896, which contains the Badger-Two Medicine area, an area of 200 square miles (520 km2); and Glacier National Park, both part of the tribal nation's former territory. The Badger-Two Medicine area is sacred to the Blackfeet people. This sacred part of the Rocky Mountain Front was excluded from Blackfeet lands in a Treaty of 1896, but they reserved uninhibited access for hunting, foraging, and fishing rights. Since the early 1980s, when the Bureau of Land Management illegally sold drilling rights leases without consultation with the tribe (violating both treaty law and the U.S. Environmental Protections Act), the Blackfeet have worked to prevent ecological harm to land they know as sacred and roll back the leases.
The United States federal government temporarily suspended most leasing activities for drilling in this area in the 1990s, and in 2007 the Bush administration made permanent a moratorium on issuing new permits. Many leaseholders had already voluntarily relinquished their leases, and in November 2016 the Department of Interior announced the cancellation of the 15 drilling rights leases held by Devon Energy Corporation in the Badger-Two Medicine area. The Blackfeet had documented that the area was not a "wilderness," as the Bob Marshall Wilderness Complex was designated in 1964, but a "human landscape" shaped by and integral to their culture. There was one remaining oil lease credited to the name of Solenex LLC which refused to give up its lease. In June 2020, a court ruled in favor of the Blackfeet Nation and maintained that Solenex cannot drill in the Badger Two Medicine. Later, during the Biden administration in 2021, a federal appeals court overturned the ruling and further authorized Solenex to drill. Tribal lawyers worked with a coalition of other tribes and nonprofits to settle with Solenex. In 2023, they settled for $2.3 million, ending all of Solenex's current and future activities on the land. The Blackfeet then coalesced a wide-ranging group of stakeholders, including tribal representatives, to oversee further stewardship and conservation of the Badger Two Medicine.
Elevations in the reservation range from a low of 3,400 feet (1,000 m) to a high of 9,066 feet (2,763 m) at Chief Mountain. Adjacent mountains include Ninaki Mountain and Papoose. The eastern part of the reservation is mostly open hills of grassland, while a narrow strip along the western edge is covered by forests of fir and spruce. Free-ranging cattle are present in several areas, sometimes including on roadways.
Several waterways drain the area with the largest being the St. Mary River, Two Medicine River, Milk River, Birch Creek and Cut Bank Creek. There are 175 miles (282 km) of streams and eight major lakes on the reservation.
The reservation is east of the Lewis and Clark National Forest in Montana, which contains the Badger-Two Medicine area, sacred to the Blackfeet people. The Badger-Two Medicine area is at the Rocky Mountain Front of the national forest. The Blackfeet call the Rocky Mountains the "Backbone of the World". Their names for peaks include Morning Star, Poia, Little Plume, Running Crane, Spotted Eagle, Kiyo, Scarface, Elkcalf Bullshoe, and Curly Bear.