Brianna Wu
Wu in 2015
Born	(1977-07-06) July 6, 1977 (age 47)^[1]^[2] West Virginia, U.S.
Occupations	CEO of Giant Spacekat software engineer^[3]^[4]^[5]
Known for	Commentary on issues related to women in gaming
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	Frank Wu

Brianna Wu (born July 6, 1977) is an American video game developer and computer programmer.^[6] She co-founded Giant Spacekat, an independent video game development studio, with Amanda Warner in Boston, Massachusetts.^[7] She is also a blogger and podcaster on matters relating to the video game industry.^[8]

In 2018, Wu unsuccessfully ran for Congress in Massachusetts's 8th congressional district.^[9] Wu began a second campaign for the primary in 2020; in April, she announced her departure from the race, due to the COVID-19 lockdown preventing in-person campaigning.^[10]^[11]

Early life and education

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Wu was born in West Virginia and raised in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, by adoptive parents.^[12]^[13] She grew up in an entrepreneurial environment; her father was a retired US Navy doctor who opened his own clinic, and her mother ran a series of small businesses.^[14]^[15] She enrolled at the University of Mississippi, studying journalism and political science and writing for The Daily Mississippian, but left in 2001 without a degree.^[12]

Career

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At the age of 19, Wu formed a small animation studio to create an animated pilot episode. The venture was unsuccessful, resulting in her withdrawal from college and a move to Washington, D.C., to work in political fundraising for several years.^[14] She later worked as a journalist until she was inspired by the release of the iPhone to work as a graphic designer and create a video game.

In 2010, she co-founded the company Giant Spacekat with Amanda Stenquist Warner.^[14] Wu was co-host of the weekly Isometric podcast on Relay FM. The podcast was launched in May 2014 and covers the video game industry.^[8] On April 18, 2016, the Isometric podcast was ended. The same hosts, including Wu, started a new podcast called Disruption on Relay FM, covering technology and culture.^[16]

Revolution 60

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Wu is credited as head of development for her company Giant Spacekat's game, Revolution 60.^[17] It features female protagonists, said to echo the founders of the game studio.^[7] The game was demonstrated at PAX East in March 2013, where it was listed as one of the 10 best indie games of the conference.^[18] The game, created with the Unreal Engine for a total budget of several hundred thousand dollars, was released for iOS devices in July 2014.^[17] In September 2016, a special edition of Revolution 60 was released on Steam and iOS.^[19]

2018 congressional bid

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Wu decided immediately after the 2016 United States presidential election to run for a Congressional seat in the greater Boston area, focusing in part on privacy rights and online harassment, but also on the wider Massachusetts economy. She challenged Rep. Stephen F. Lynch of the 8th district,^[20]^[21] in an announcement she made on Twitter.^[22] Wu stated, in a radio interview, that Lynch did not sufficiently represent the Democrats, citing his positions on reproductive health care and LGBTQ rights; Lynch is a centrist on the former^[23] and supportive of the latter.^[24] Wu also came out in favor of unions and collective bargaining.^[25] Wu feels that Massachusetts proportionally contributes more to the federal government than it receives in return and wants to use it as leverage in negotiations. She hopes that the Boston Bay area can rival San Francisco Bay as a technology hub.^[26] Wu moved to the 8th district in order to challenge the incumbent Lynch.^[27]

Wu also cited opposition to then-president Donald Trump, what she perceived as failures by Congress on technology issues,^[28] and what she perceived as the failure of the Democratic Party to emotionally connect with its voters^[29] as reasons for shifting from game development to politics.

Professor Thomas Whalen of Boston University said that, while the labor union-connected Lynch was native to South Boston's traditionally conservative 8th district, recent years of changing demographics could help Wu. Meanwhile, David S. Bernstein, a long-time political reporter for Boston Magazine, did not think Wu had a chance of unseating Lynch.^[26]

On Twitter in February 2017, Wu received media attention after she posted warnings about the militarization of space, along with voicing her concerns over giving private space tourism companies sole access to the Moon. She wrote, "Rocks dropped from [the Moon] have power of 100s of nuclear bombs". She later deleted the tweets after receiving criticism.^[30]^[31]

In late October 2017, Wu used the streaming service Twitch to raise awareness for her congressional campaign. This appears to be the first instance of anyone using Twitch in this manner. "One of the reasons Millennials feel disenfranchised is politicians don't speak to them in ways that feel genuine," said Wu. "Twitch is one of the most important ways to engage younger people." When asked, neither Twitch, the DNC, nor the Pew Research Center were aware of anyone having had done so. Wu was playing Wolfenstein II: The New Colossus during the stream.^[32]

Wu lost to Lynch in the Democratic primary held on September 4, 2018, having received approximately 23% of the vote to Lynch's 71%.^[33]^[9]

2020 congressional bid

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Wu began a second campaign for the 2020 election, again with an emphasis on tech issues such as Elizabeth Warren's proposal to break up giant new media companies such as Apple, Facebook and Google. On a WGBH-TV panel, Wu said, "for whatever reason, our Department of Justice has been more reluctant to pursue antitrust cases against companies in the last few years, certainly since the Bush years."^[10] She differs from certain elements of Warren's proposal, citing privacy concerns.^[34]

She endorses the Green New Deal, legislative goals aimed at shifting the United States to 100 percent renewable energy by 2035.^[35]

In April 2020, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on her campaign, she suspended her congressional bid.^[11]

Political views

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Since the outbreak of the Gaza war, Wu has received media attention for her strong support of Israel. She has argued in The Boston Globe that "my fellow leftists are betraying our Jewish allies" and "the casual antisemitism I’d looked past in progressive spaces became impossible to ignore."^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39]^[40]

Wu has stated the transgender movement's efforts to include transgender women in women's sports, which she considers an overreach, have unintentionally helped Republican anti-trans initiatives garner more political support.^[41]^[42]

Personal life

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In 2008, she married Frank Wu, four-time winner of the Hugo Award for Best Fan Artist. In 2020, she and Cenk Uygur co-founded Rebellion PAC, a political action committee with a focus on running advertisements in opposition to Donald Trump and in support of progressive get-out-the-vote efforts.^[43] She is a trans woman.^[44]^[45]

Gamergate-related harassment

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In October 2014, Wu posted multiple tweets about Gamergate advocates,^[46]^[47] ridiculing them for "fighting an apocalyptic future where women are 8 percent of programmers and not 3 percent."^[5] While she was monitoring 8chan's pro-Gamergate chanboard (/gg/), anonymous users posted sensitive personal information about her, including at least one post containing her address. Subsequently, Wu began receiving multiple, specific rape and death threats including her address, causing Wu to flee her home.^[48] These threats have been widely attributed to Gamergate supporters.^[5]^[49] In December, Wu said that she had received emails that contained images of mutilated dogs from people who identified as Gamergate supporters, following the recent death of her dog.^[50]

Along with Anita Sarkeesian and Zoë Quinn, Wu was one of the targets of Gamergate harassment.^[46]^[49]^[51]^[52] In February 2015, she said, "by attacking me so viciously, they're helping give me the visibility to usher in the very game industry they're terrified about."^[53] Wu started a legal defense fund for women targeted by Gamergate. As of late 2014, the Wu family was also offering a cash reward for information leading to the prosecution of those who sent the death threats.^[54]^[55]^[56] By February 2015 she said she was spending a full day a week contacting law enforcement, and was only attending events in the US with a security detail.^[53] In March 2015, she said she had received 48 death threats during the previous six months.^[57] As of May 2019, she and her husband were still living under aliases.^[58]

In early 2017, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) closed its investigation of the matter. The FBI identified four men who sent threats and obtained confessions from two of them, one of whom stated that they had sent the threat as a "joke" but "understood that it was a federal crime to send a threatening communication to anyone and will never do it again". The U.S. Attorney for the District of Massachusetts declined to prosecute, giving no specific reason. Reacting to the report, Wu stated the FBI did not care about the investigation and that she was "livid".^[59] In the wake of the 2019 Poway synagogue shooting, however, she said that the FBI needs dedicated agents who understand online culture (8chan in particular).^[60]^[61]

In August 2021, The Washington Post reported that "despite the attempts to discredit her, wreck her career and destroy her sense of safety, Wu has now become a vocal proponent of forgiveness for those who apologize and show they have grown." However, "insults and continued harassment" still outnumbered apologies "10-to-1".^[62]

Wu said that she was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder as a result of the harassment.^[62]

References

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^ Wu, Brianna [@Spacekatgal] (July 6, 2015). "Today is my birthday. A year ago, we'd just shipped R60 - and I was looking forward to a less stressful year. Then Gamergate happened" (Tweet). Retrieved September 3, 2018 – via Twitter.
^ Wu, Brianna [@Spacekatgal] (July 22, 2018). "I'm 41, jerkface" (Tweet). Retrieved September 3, 2018 – via Twitter.
^ Orlando, Alexandra (November 9, 2016). "Interview with Brianna Wu". First-Person Scholar. University of Waterloo Games Institute & IMMERSe. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
^ Mantilla, Karla (August 31, 2015). Gendertrolling: How Misogyny Went Viral. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 255. ISBN 9781440833182.
^ ^a ^b ^c Teitell, Beth; Borchers, Callum. "GamerGate anger at women all too real for gamemaker". The Boston Globe. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
^ Wu, Brianna [@Spacekatgal] (December 7, 2017). "I'm so thrilled. Husband and I just signed all the paperwork, and we got a house in Dedham, Massachusetts! Huge backyard for the dogs, and it's three stories tall. Can't wait to start holding fundraisers!" (Tweet). Retrieved December 13, 2017 – via Twitter.
^ ^a ^b Starr, Michelle (July 30, 2014). "Revolution 60: A game by and about badass women". CNET. Retrieved October 12, 2014.
^ ^a ^b "Isometric podcast". 5by5 Studios. Archived from the original on October 13, 2014. Retrieved November 27, 2016.
^ ^a ^b "Massachusetts Primary Election Results". The New York Times. September 4, 2018. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
^ ^a ^b Dewey, Eliza (April 10, 2019). "Experts Debate Warren's Big Tech Break-Up Idea". WGBH-TV. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
^ ^a ^b Fox, Jeremy C. (April 28, 2020). "Brianna Wu ends bid to unseat Rep. Stephen Lynch, citing coronavirus" The Boston Globe.
^ ^a ^b Whitford, David (2015). "Brianna Wu vs. the Gamergate Troll Army". Inc. Archived from the original on January 12, 2017. Retrieved June 24, 2023.
^ "About Brianna Wu". Brianna Wu. Archived from the original on November 1, 2016. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Depth takes a holiday with Amanda Warner and Brianna Wu". The New Disruptors. Glenn Fleishman. July 24, 2014. Archived from the original (podcast) on April 23, 2016. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
^ Wu, Brianna (April 11, 2013). "Choose your character: Faced with change, an all-female indie dev team evolves to a higher form". The Magazine. No. 14. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
^ Wu, Brianna; Dow, Georgia; Sargent, Mikah; Lubitz, Steve (April 18, 2016). "#1. We Crashed The Isometric Starship". Disruption (Podcast). Relay FM. Retrieved November 27, 2016.{{cite podcast}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ ^a ^b Martens, Todd (August 13, 2014). "The women behind the sci-fi adventure 'Revolution 60' work for gender parity". Southern Illinoisan.
^ Montanez, Angelina (March 26, 2013). "The 10 best indie games of Pax East 2013". Evolve. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
^ Grubb, Jeff (August 30, 2016). "Brianna Wu's Revolution 60 gets Special Edition release on iOS and Steam". VentureBeat. Retrieved March 29, 2025.
^ LeBlanc, Steve (December 23, 2016). "After online threats, gaming engineer plans run for Congress". WJTV. Retrieved December 27, 2016.
^ O'Connell, Sue; King, Alison (August 10, 2018). "Meet the 2018 Massachusetts Primary Candidates". NECN. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
^ Wu, Brianna [@Spacekatgal] (January 2, 2017). "My message for Stephen Lynch is simple. You've never had a primary fight to represent District 8. Well, I'm about to give you one" (Tweet). Retrieved January 2, 2017 – via Twitter.
^ "Steve Lynch on Abortion". OnTheIssues. Retrieved December 5, 2022.
^ Wirzbicki, Alan (March 10, 2010). "Gay-marriage advocates praise Lynch". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on July 9, 2015. Retrieved July 8, 2015.
^ McNerney, Kathleen; Chakrabarti, Meghna (February 27, 2017). "Game Developer Brianna Wu On Why She's Running For Congress". WBUR-FM. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
^ ^a ^b Knibbs, Kate (March 13, 2017). "Brianna Wu Wants to Play a New Game". The Ringer. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
^ Tran, Susan (February 27, 2017). "Congressional Candidate Brianna Wu Responds to Threats". NBC Boston. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
^ Larson, Selena (December 21, 2016). "GamerGate critic Brianna Wu to run for Congress". CNNMoney. Retrieved January 21, 2017.
^ Cox, Anna (March 15, 2017). "Brianna Wu Wants to Change the Democrats' Playbook". The New Yorker. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
^ Greenwood, Max (February 28, 2017). "Dem congressional candidate warns of 'militarization of space'". The Hill. Retrieved July 16, 2017.
^ Kriss, Sam (April 5, 2017). "The Patriarchy Hates the Moon". The Atlantic. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
^ Wilson, Jason (November 1, 2017). "Brianna Wu's Congressional run appears to be the first to campaign on Twitch". VentureBeat. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
^ n/a, n/a (September 4, 2018). "2018 Primary Election Results". Ballotpedia. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
^ Wu, Brianna (March 17, 2019). "Senator Warren is onto something: The best way to protect the tech industry is to break it up". Opinion. The Boston Globe. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
^ Ebbert, Stephanie (November 23, 2018). "Brianna Wu is Coming Back for 2020". Capital Source. The Boston Globe. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
^ Wu, Brianna (September 9, 2024). "I fear that progressivism has become the very thing we fought against". The Boston Globe. Retrieved October 31, 2024.
^ Fink, Rachel (June 2, 2024). "Briahna vs Brianna: American Political Pundits Feud on Social Media Over Israel's War Against Hamas". Haaretz.
^ Abrams, Dan (August 7, 2024). "Progressives are blaming Jewish super PAC for losses: Analyst". NewsNation.
^ Weiss, Bari (October 18, 2024). "Brianna Wu Says She Didn't Change. The Progressive Movement Did". The Free Press. Retrieved October 31, 2024.
^ Levin-Areddy, Adaam James; Wu, Brianna (March 10, 2025). "When the Left Became an Online Mob". The Dispatch Podcast. Retrieved March 29, 2025.
^ Goldmacher, Shane (February 8, 2025). "As Ground Shifts, 'Flailing' Democrats Struggle to Find Footing in Diversity Fight". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 7, 2025. Brianna Wu, a transgender woman and Democratic strategist who ran for Congress in 2018, said activists had overreached in recent years in pushing an extreme view of transgender rights. She blamed party leaders for embracing positions — like around participation in girls' sports — that turn off voters, and said this had aided Republican efforts to roll back transgender rights more broadly.
^ Damiano, Mike (February 2025). "'Erasing everything that you are.' In Trump's policies, a denial of trans existence". Boston Globe. Retrieved March 7, 2025. Wu said the Trump executive orders "dehumanize" trans people. She also views them as a "rational backlash" against what she regards as overreach by the trans rights movement to replace sex with gender identity in civil rights law and allow transgender women to compete in women's sports. "This progressive project has pushed these issues so far," she said.
^ Weigel, David (August 13, 2020). "The Trailer: The path ahead for Kamala Harris". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 30, 2022.
^ Wu, Brianna [@BriannaWu] (September 19, 2024). "I'm just gonna put this out there for Republicans to understand what the policies you advocate would mean for my life as a trans woman" (Tweet). Retrieved September 20, 2024 – via Twitter.
^ Wu, Brianna (September 12, 2024). "Trans influencer Brianna Wu weighs in on the presidential race and LGBTQ+ policies". The Hill (Interview). Interviewed by Robby Soave. 3:46. Retrieved September 20, 2024.
^ ^a ^b Wingfield, Nick (October 15, 2014). "Feminist critics of video games facing threats in 'GamerGate' campaign". The New York Times. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
^ Bahadur, Nina (August 28, 2014). "One woman's amazing response to sexism in the tech industry". HuffPost. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
^ Hart, Andrew (October 11, 2014). "Game developer Brianna Wu flees home after death threats". HuffPost. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
^ ^a ^b Sreenivasan, Hari (October 16, 2014). "#Gamergate leads to death threats against women in the gaming industry". PBS NewsHour. Retrieved October 20, 2014. That sparked a campaign that came to be dubbed GamerGate, highlighting perceived corruption among video game journalists. From there, GamerGate has grown to include outright harassment of women like Quinn and Sarkeesian who work in or critique the industry. Threats on Twitter even forced Brianna Wu, another game developer, to leave her Boston area home after her address was made public.
^ Beres, Damon (December 2, 2014). "#GamerGate Harasses Brianna Wu After She Tweets About Her Dead Dog". HuffPost. Retrieved December 4, 2014.
^ Dockterman, Eliana (October 16, 2014). "What is #GamerGate and why are women being threatened about video games?". Time. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
^ Singal, Jesse (October 20, 2014). "The Gamergate controversy". The Boston Globe. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
^ ^a ^b Takahashi, Dean (February 9, 2015). "Brianna Wu speaks up about death threats and personal cost of opposing #GamerGate". VentureBeat. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
^ Eisen, Andrew (October 31, 2014). "Harassed Game Dev Setting Up Legal Defense Fund For Harassed Women". GamePolitics.com. Archived from the original on November 8, 2014. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
^ Cox, Carolyn (October 31, 2014). "Brianna Wu Setting Up A Legal Defense Fund For Women Targeted By Gamergate". The Mary Sue. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
^ Levy, Karyne (November 6, 2014). "Woman Who Left Her Home Because Of 'Gamergate' Death Threats Is Offering A Reward For Information". Business Insider. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
^ Bray, Hiawatha (March 8, 2015). "Brianna Wu makes stand at PAX East". The Boston Globe. Retrieved May 25, 2015.
^ I., D. (April 3, 2019). "The vile experiences of women in tech A book excerpt and interview with Emily Chang, author of "Brotopia"". The Economist: Open Future. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
^ Edwards, Jim (February 16, 2017). "FBI's 'Gamergate' file says prosecutors declined to charge men believed to have sent death threats — even when they confessed on video". Business Insider. Retrieved March 21, 2017.
^ Garsd, Jasmine (April 29, 2019). "Site's Ties To Shootings Renew Debate Over Internet's Role In Radicalizing Extremists". NPR. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
^ Zakrzewski, Cat (April 29, 2019). "California synagogue shooting puts fringe site 8chan in spotlight". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
^ ^a ^b Anders, Caroline (August 5, 2021). "GamerGaters inundated her with death threats. Now some are apologizing — and she forgives them". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved August 8, 2021.

External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brianna Wu.

Official website for her initial campaign at the Wayback Machine (archived June 29, 2018)
Current official campaign website Archived June 16, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
"Video games don't cause mass shootings. But gamer culture encourages hate." (August 9, 2019) The Washington Post (op-ed by Brianna Wu on toxic gamer culture)