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Bruce's Beach
Bruce's Beach was an African-American beach resort at Manhattan Beach in Los Angeles County, California. The property, which was located at 26th Street and Highland Avenue, was owned and operated by Charles and Willa Bruce for the benefit of the black community when racial segregation prevented them from enjoying opportunities provided at other beaches in the area. After it opened in 1912, it became a successful and popular visitor destination for African Americans. In 1924 the city of Manhattan Beach council used eminent domain to close it down as the area proposed was to be redeveloped as a public park.
The property, acquired from the Bruce family and other owners, remained undeveloped for decades. Part of the site was eventually turned into a park in the 1960s and renamed Bruce's Beach in 2007. A lifeguard facility and parking lot were constructed on the beach parcels. In 2021, the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors voted unanimously to approve returning the county land to the heirs of Charles and Willa Bruce. The complex process of transferring the parcels to their great-grandsons was completed in 2022. In January 2023 the Bruce family announced their decision to sell the beach back to the county for $20 million.
Peck's Pier and Pavilion in Manhattan Beach was an area of recreation for African Americans. In 1912, Willa and Charles Bruce bought a property in the strand area for $1,225 from Los Angeles real estate broker Henry Willard. They established a resort and named it for Mrs. Bruce. On property right by the sand, they ran a popular lodge, cafe and dance hall. The development provided beach access to Black people, whose access to public shore was highly restricted. Other beach attractions available to African-Americans included Peck's Pier and pavilion on 34th Street, a section of Santa Monica State Beach referred to as the "Ink Well", and the Pacific Beach Club in Orange County.
Manhattan Beach was a predominantly white community and Mrs. Bruce's initiative "defiantly transgressed these racial boundaries". As Los Angeles's population increased and property values soared in the 1920s, Black people in the area suffered from increased racial tension, before eminent domain proceedings started by the city forced the club to close down.
While some historians credit George H. Peck (1856–1940), a wealthy developer and the founder of Manhattan Beach, for having "bucked" the practice of racial exclusion, Peck created barriers to direct Black out-of-town visitors to Bruce's Beach. To reach the ocean, visitors had to walk an extra half mile around property owned by Peck, who had lined it with security and “No Trespassing” signs.
Under the pretense of building a city park, the city of Manhattan Beach took control of the land from the Bruce family, and the buildings were razed in 1927. The city used eminent domain to acquire surrounding properties including some others that were black-owned. The couple sued for $120,000, which included $35,000 for each lot and $50,000 in damages. In 1929 they received a $14,500 settlement. Some of the property, including two of the Bruce family lots, were transferred to the state in 1948 for Manhattan State Beach. In the 1950s, city officials began to worry that family members might sue to regain their land unless it was used for the purpose for which it had been originally taken. In the 1960s, the property, which had been vacant for decades, was made into a city park first called Bayview Terrace Park, then Parque Culiacan. In 1995, the state transferred a portion of the land with the Bruce's parcels to Los Angeles County, with a condition that the county couldn’t transfer the property. The county then owned the entire block bordered by 26th and 27th streets, Manhattan Avenue and The Strand which was used for county lifeguard facilities and a parking lot.
In 2006 under the leadership of Manhattan Beach's Mayor Mitch Ward the city's first and only Black elected official, the Manhattan Beach City Council decided to rename the park, "commemorating our community's understanding that friendship, goodwill and respect for all begins within our own boundaries and extends to the world community. All are welcome." The city acknowledged its history of racial discrimination and in March 2007 the beach was ceremoniously renamed Bruce's Beach during an event exhibiting "a deep tide of goodwill."
The park is on a steep slope overlooking the ocean and includes rolling grassy terraces with benches and small trees. It is located above the County Lifeguard Station, between 26th and 27th Street, and runs west from Highland Avenue to Manhattan Avenue.
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Bruce's Beach
Bruce's Beach was an African-American beach resort at Manhattan Beach in Los Angeles County, California. The property, which was located at 26th Street and Highland Avenue, was owned and operated by Charles and Willa Bruce for the benefit of the black community when racial segregation prevented them from enjoying opportunities provided at other beaches in the area. After it opened in 1912, it became a successful and popular visitor destination for African Americans. In 1924 the city of Manhattan Beach council used eminent domain to close it down as the area proposed was to be redeveloped as a public park.
The property, acquired from the Bruce family and other owners, remained undeveloped for decades. Part of the site was eventually turned into a park in the 1960s and renamed Bruce's Beach in 2007. A lifeguard facility and parking lot were constructed on the beach parcels. In 2021, the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors voted unanimously to approve returning the county land to the heirs of Charles and Willa Bruce. The complex process of transferring the parcels to their great-grandsons was completed in 2022. In January 2023 the Bruce family announced their decision to sell the beach back to the county for $20 million.
Peck's Pier and Pavilion in Manhattan Beach was an area of recreation for African Americans. In 1912, Willa and Charles Bruce bought a property in the strand area for $1,225 from Los Angeles real estate broker Henry Willard. They established a resort and named it for Mrs. Bruce. On property right by the sand, they ran a popular lodge, cafe and dance hall. The development provided beach access to Black people, whose access to public shore was highly restricted. Other beach attractions available to African-Americans included Peck's Pier and pavilion on 34th Street, a section of Santa Monica State Beach referred to as the "Ink Well", and the Pacific Beach Club in Orange County.
Manhattan Beach was a predominantly white community and Mrs. Bruce's initiative "defiantly transgressed these racial boundaries". As Los Angeles's population increased and property values soared in the 1920s, Black people in the area suffered from increased racial tension, before eminent domain proceedings started by the city forced the club to close down.
While some historians credit George H. Peck (1856–1940), a wealthy developer and the founder of Manhattan Beach, for having "bucked" the practice of racial exclusion, Peck created barriers to direct Black out-of-town visitors to Bruce's Beach. To reach the ocean, visitors had to walk an extra half mile around property owned by Peck, who had lined it with security and “No Trespassing” signs.
Under the pretense of building a city park, the city of Manhattan Beach took control of the land from the Bruce family, and the buildings were razed in 1927. The city used eminent domain to acquire surrounding properties including some others that were black-owned. The couple sued for $120,000, which included $35,000 for each lot and $50,000 in damages. In 1929 they received a $14,500 settlement. Some of the property, including two of the Bruce family lots, were transferred to the state in 1948 for Manhattan State Beach. In the 1950s, city officials began to worry that family members might sue to regain their land unless it was used for the purpose for which it had been originally taken. In the 1960s, the property, which had been vacant for decades, was made into a city park first called Bayview Terrace Park, then Parque Culiacan. In 1995, the state transferred a portion of the land with the Bruce's parcels to Los Angeles County, with a condition that the county couldn’t transfer the property. The county then owned the entire block bordered by 26th and 27th streets, Manhattan Avenue and The Strand which was used for county lifeguard facilities and a parking lot.
In 2006 under the leadership of Manhattan Beach's Mayor Mitch Ward the city's first and only Black elected official, the Manhattan Beach City Council decided to rename the park, "commemorating our community's understanding that friendship, goodwill and respect for all begins within our own boundaries and extends to the world community. All are welcome." The city acknowledged its history of racial discrimination and in March 2007 the beach was ceremoniously renamed Bruce's Beach during an event exhibiting "a deep tide of goodwill."
The park is on a steep slope overlooking the ocean and includes rolling grassy terraces with benches and small trees. It is located above the County Lifeguard Station, between 26th and 27th Street, and runs west from Highland Avenue to Manhattan Avenue.