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Media of Canada
The media of Canada is highly autonomous, uncensored, diverse, and very regionalized. Canada has a well-developed media sector, but its cultural output—particularly in English films, television shows, and magazines—is often overshadowed by imports from the United States and the United Kingdom. As a result, the preservation of a distinctly Canadian culture is supported by federal government programs, laws, and institutions such as the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), the National Film Board of Canada (NFB), and the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC).
Canadian mass media, both print and digital, and in both official languages, is largely dominated by a "handful of corporations". The largest of these corporations is the country's national public broadcaster, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, which also plays a significant role in producing domestic cultural content, operating its own radio and TV networks in both English and French.
In addition to CBC/Radio-Canada, the provincial governments of British Columbia, Ontario, and Québec operate their own public broadcast services, which play an important role within their respective markets. These include Télé-Québec in Québec, the Knowledge Network Corporation in British Columbia, and TVO Media Education Group and Groupe Média TFO in Ontario.
The 1991 Broadcasting Act declares "the system should serve to safeguard, enrich, and strengthen the cultural, political, social, and economic fabric of Canada". The promotion of multicultural media began in the late 1980s as multicultural policy was legislated in 1988. In the Multiculturalism Act, the federal government proclaimed the recognition of the diversity of Canadian culture. Thus, multicultural media became an integral part of Canadian media overall. Upon numerous government reports showing lack of minority representation or minority misrepresentation, the Canadian government stressed separate provision be made to allow minorities and ethnicities of Canada to have their own voice in the media.
Non-news media content in Canada, including film and television, is influenced both by local creators as well as by imports from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and France. In an effort to reduce the amount of foreign-made media, government interventions in television broadcasting can include both regulation of content and public financing. Canadian tax laws limit foreign competition in magazine advertising.
According to data from the 2020 General Social Survey on Social Identity, Canadians use various news sources, including newspapers, magazines, television, radio, and the Internet. The Internet is the most popular method for following news at 80%, followed by television at 67%. Other sources include radio (40%), newspapers (36%), and magazines (11%).
People with a university degree are more likely to use the Internet, newspapers, and magazines for news. Specifically, 90% of university graduates use the Internet, compared to 46% using newspapers and 17% using magazines. Among immigrants, media usage for news increases the longer they have been in Canada. The survey shows that daily news consumption varies: 39% of immigrants who arrived in Canada 0 to 5 years ago, 40% for 6 to 10 years, 58% for 11 or more years, and 60% for those not immigrants.
Internet use is higher among younger individuals (15 to 34 years) at 95%, while those 55 years and older prefer television, with 88% following news on this platform. In the younger demographic, there are no gender differences for Internet use; however, in older age groups, more men use the Internet compared to women. Among those aged 55 and older, 67% of men and 59% of women use the Internet. Television viewership is higher among women in all age groups.
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Media of Canada
The media of Canada is highly autonomous, uncensored, diverse, and very regionalized. Canada has a well-developed media sector, but its cultural output—particularly in English films, television shows, and magazines—is often overshadowed by imports from the United States and the United Kingdom. As a result, the preservation of a distinctly Canadian culture is supported by federal government programs, laws, and institutions such as the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), the National Film Board of Canada (NFB), and the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC).
Canadian mass media, both print and digital, and in both official languages, is largely dominated by a "handful of corporations". The largest of these corporations is the country's national public broadcaster, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, which also plays a significant role in producing domestic cultural content, operating its own radio and TV networks in both English and French.
In addition to CBC/Radio-Canada, the provincial governments of British Columbia, Ontario, and Québec operate their own public broadcast services, which play an important role within their respective markets. These include Télé-Québec in Québec, the Knowledge Network Corporation in British Columbia, and TVO Media Education Group and Groupe Média TFO in Ontario.
The 1991 Broadcasting Act declares "the system should serve to safeguard, enrich, and strengthen the cultural, political, social, and economic fabric of Canada". The promotion of multicultural media began in the late 1980s as multicultural policy was legislated in 1988. In the Multiculturalism Act, the federal government proclaimed the recognition of the diversity of Canadian culture. Thus, multicultural media became an integral part of Canadian media overall. Upon numerous government reports showing lack of minority representation or minority misrepresentation, the Canadian government stressed separate provision be made to allow minorities and ethnicities of Canada to have their own voice in the media.
Non-news media content in Canada, including film and television, is influenced both by local creators as well as by imports from the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and France. In an effort to reduce the amount of foreign-made media, government interventions in television broadcasting can include both regulation of content and public financing. Canadian tax laws limit foreign competition in magazine advertising.
According to data from the 2020 General Social Survey on Social Identity, Canadians use various news sources, including newspapers, magazines, television, radio, and the Internet. The Internet is the most popular method for following news at 80%, followed by television at 67%. Other sources include radio (40%), newspapers (36%), and magazines (11%).
People with a university degree are more likely to use the Internet, newspapers, and magazines for news. Specifically, 90% of university graduates use the Internet, compared to 46% using newspapers and 17% using magazines. Among immigrants, media usage for news increases the longer they have been in Canada. The survey shows that daily news consumption varies: 39% of immigrants who arrived in Canada 0 to 5 years ago, 40% for 6 to 10 years, 58% for 11 or more years, and 60% for those not immigrants.
Internet use is higher among younger individuals (15 to 34 years) at 95%, while those 55 years and older prefer television, with 88% following news on this platform. In the younger demographic, there are no gender differences for Internet use; however, in older age groups, more men use the Internet compared to women. Among those aged 55 and older, 67% of men and 59% of women use the Internet. Television viewership is higher among women in all age groups.