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Cerium nitrates
Cerium nitrate refers to a family of nitrates of cerium in the +3 or +4 oxidation state. Often these compounds contain water, hydroxide, or hydronium ions in addition to cerium and nitrate. Double nitrates of cerium also exist.
Anhydrous cerous nitrate, also called cerium(III) nitrate, is the anhydrous salt with the formula Ce(NO3)3.(CAS number 10108-73-3).
Cerium nitrate hexahydrate, with the formula Ce(NO3)3·6H2O (CAS number 10294-41-4) is the most common nitrate of cerium(III). It is a component in a burn treatment cream that also includes silver sulphadiazine. Concentrations used are 0.05 M for the cerium nitrate. For very serious burns it reduces the death rate. At 150 °C the hexahydrate loses water of crystallization to make a trihydrate, which itself decomposes above 200 °C. Cerous nitrate hexahydrate has pinacoidal triclinic crystals.
Hydronium cerium(III) nitrate hydrate, Ce(NO3)5(H3O)2⋅H2O is monoclinic with space group P2/c. The diaquapentanitratocerate(III) anion (Ce(NO3)5(H2O)2)2− occurs in several salts. The salts have extreme non-linear optical properties.
Cerium tetranitrate pentahydrate is prepared by evaporating a solution of ceric nitrate in concentrated nitric acid. It forms orthorhombic crystals with bipyramidal shape. The common crystal face Miller index is {111}, But it can have smaller faces with Miller index {010} and {110}. The density is 2.403 g/cm3. Its optical properties are that it is biaxial with 2V of 34°, and strongly dispersive. On its B- and C-axes it appears yellow, but orange red on the A axis.
Ceric nitrate is quite soluble in non polar solvents such as ethyl ether. Ether will extract the cerium nitrate from 5N nitric acid. In nitric acid, nitrato ceric acid (H2[Ce(NO3)6] and H[Ce(NO3)5⋅H2O]) are present. The solubility of this nitrate in non-polar solvents allows the separation of cerium from other rare earths.
Basic cerium(IV) nitrate has the formula Ce(NO3)3⋅OH⋅3H2O. It also forms upon evaporation of solutions of cerium(IV) in nitric acid. When this meets ammonia in water solution it reacts to form ceric ammonium nitrate and ceric hydroxide.
Basic dicerium nitrate has the formula Ce2O(NO3)6(H2O)6·2H2O. Again it crystallizes from solutions of cerium(IV) in nitric acid. It crystallises as monoclinic crystals with space group P21lc with unit cell dimensions a = 8.723 Å, b = 8.940 Å, c = 13.981 Å, β = 94.91°. Each unit cell contains two formula units Ce2O(NO3)6(H2O)3 and Ce2O(NO3)6 form when this basic nitrate is heated slowly to 180 °C in vacuum.
Cerium nitrates
Cerium nitrate refers to a family of nitrates of cerium in the +3 or +4 oxidation state. Often these compounds contain water, hydroxide, or hydronium ions in addition to cerium and nitrate. Double nitrates of cerium also exist.
Anhydrous cerous nitrate, also called cerium(III) nitrate, is the anhydrous salt with the formula Ce(NO3)3.(CAS number 10108-73-3).
Cerium nitrate hexahydrate, with the formula Ce(NO3)3·6H2O (CAS number 10294-41-4) is the most common nitrate of cerium(III). It is a component in a burn treatment cream that also includes silver sulphadiazine. Concentrations used are 0.05 M for the cerium nitrate. For very serious burns it reduces the death rate. At 150 °C the hexahydrate loses water of crystallization to make a trihydrate, which itself decomposes above 200 °C. Cerous nitrate hexahydrate has pinacoidal triclinic crystals.
Hydronium cerium(III) nitrate hydrate, Ce(NO3)5(H3O)2⋅H2O is monoclinic with space group P2/c. The diaquapentanitratocerate(III) anion (Ce(NO3)5(H2O)2)2− occurs in several salts. The salts have extreme non-linear optical properties.
Cerium tetranitrate pentahydrate is prepared by evaporating a solution of ceric nitrate in concentrated nitric acid. It forms orthorhombic crystals with bipyramidal shape. The common crystal face Miller index is {111}, But it can have smaller faces with Miller index {010} and {110}. The density is 2.403 g/cm3. Its optical properties are that it is biaxial with 2V of 34°, and strongly dispersive. On its B- and C-axes it appears yellow, but orange red on the A axis.
Ceric nitrate is quite soluble in non polar solvents such as ethyl ether. Ether will extract the cerium nitrate from 5N nitric acid. In nitric acid, nitrato ceric acid (H2[Ce(NO3)6] and H[Ce(NO3)5⋅H2O]) are present. The solubility of this nitrate in non-polar solvents allows the separation of cerium from other rare earths.
Basic cerium(IV) nitrate has the formula Ce(NO3)3⋅OH⋅3H2O. It also forms upon evaporation of solutions of cerium(IV) in nitric acid. When this meets ammonia in water solution it reacts to form ceric ammonium nitrate and ceric hydroxide.
Basic dicerium nitrate has the formula Ce2O(NO3)6(H2O)6·2H2O. Again it crystallizes from solutions of cerium(IV) in nitric acid. It crystallises as monoclinic crystals with space group P21lc with unit cell dimensions a = 8.723 Å, b = 8.940 Å, c = 13.981 Å, β = 94.91°. Each unit cell contains two formula units Ce2O(NO3)6(H2O)3 and Ce2O(NO3)6 form when this basic nitrate is heated slowly to 180 °C in vacuum.
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