Biblical patriarchy, also known as Christian patriarchy, is a set of beliefs in Evangelical Protestant Christianity concerning gender relations and their manifestations in institutions, including marriage, the family, and the home. It sees the father as the head of the home, responsible for the conduct of his family. Biblical patriarchy was popularized in the 1990s and early 2000s by Douglas Phillips, founder of Vision Forum Ministries, while its best-known current spokesman is Douglas Wilson. Other people associated with biblical patriarchy include R. C. Sproul, Jr., Voddie Baucham (who preferred the phrase "gospel patriarchy"), the Duggar family, Dale Partridge, and Benjamin Szumskyj.

The "Tenets of Biblical Patriarchy" published by Vision Forum before their demise advocates such beliefs as:

Michael Farris notes three examples of patriarchal teaching: that women should not vote, that higher education is not important for women, and that "unmarried adult women are subject to their fathers’ authority."

According to Rachel Held Evans, the biblical patriarchy movement is "committed to preserving as much of the patriarchal structure of Old Testament law as possible."

Some churches connected to Biblical patriarchy practice "household voting" in the church, where only the male heads of households cast votes in church elections (exceptions in some cases allowed for households where there is no male head, such as the male having died).

Many members of the biblical patriarchy movement are also homeschoolers.

Biblical patriarchy is similar to complementarianism, and many of their differences are only ones of degree and emphasis. While complementarianism holds to exclusively male leadership in the church and in the home, biblical patriarchy extends that exclusion to the civic sphere as well, so that women should not be civil leaders and indeed should not have careers outside the home. Thus, William Einwechter refers to the traditional complementarian view as "two point complementarianism" (male leadership in the family and church), and regards the biblical patriarchy view as "three-point" or "full" complementarianism (male leadership in family, church, and society). Similarly, Dale Partridge says, "Unlike the complementarian view, which confines male leadership to the familial and ecclesiastical domains, biblical patriarchy is consistent by extending male authority to all societal aspects, including civil governance and social life." This issue was discussed during Sarah Palin's vice presidential campaign in 2008, when some adherents of biblical patriarchy stated that Palin, as a woman, was "biblically ineligible to run for vice-president".

In contrast to this, Douglas Wilson rejects the idea that it is a sin for a woman to run for public office. John Piper and Wayne Grudem, representing the complementarian position, say that they are "not as sure in this wider sphere which roles can be carried out by men or women".