The Circassian Parliament or the Circassian Majlis (Adyghe: Адыгэ Хасэ, romanized: Adıgə Xasə; also called the Great Parliament of Independence; Adyghe: Шъхьафитныгъэ Хасэшхо, romanized: Şhafitnığə Xasəşxo) was the legislature of Circassia officialized in 1861 after a meeting in Sochi attended by leaders of several Circassian provinces. A tribal confederation had existed before the parliament's establishment, but a centralized government was achieved only after it was built.

The parliament aimed to defend the western part of Circassia from Russian invasion, and to liberate the occupied Eastern Circassia from the Russian Empire during the Russian-Circassian War. It also sent delegates abroad to gain support for the Circassian struggle internationally. After the parliament was dissolved by Russian forces, some members sent a letter "A Petition from Circassian leaders to Her Majesty Queen Victoria" requesting humanitarian aid from the British Empire.

Traditional tribal councils have always existed in Circassia. In the 1700s, different Circassian regions began to meet every year to hold a council and to rule the country jointly, thus beginning the unification process of Circassia and establishing the Circassian Confederation. The centralization processaccelerated as time went by. The first western-type parliament in Circassia was called in 1820 with 300 people. Important names such as Kizbech Tughuzhuqo were present in the assembly. These assemblies were developing against Russian expansionism among the region. Following the Treaty of Adrianople in 1829, the Circassians established a new assembly called the "National Alliance Parliament" (Adyghe: Лъэпкъ Тхьэрыӏо Хасэ).

One of the largest of these assemblies was held in Ubin in 1834, where the Circassian flag was adopted. British travelers Edmund Spencer and David Urquhart also attended this assembly:

It was then that the valiant chief, Hirsis Sultan Oglou, unfurled the splendid national banner he had just received from Stamboul, wrought by the beautiful hands of a Circassian princess, occupying a high station in the Turkish empire.

At the sight of the long expected national flag, thousands of swords flew in the air, and one universal long-continued shout of joy burst from the immense multitude. Never was there a greater display of enthusiasm, nor a fiercer de- termination exhibited by a people to defend their fatherland. Their common danger having awakened in their breasts, for the first time, a sense of the necessity of union, as the first and most necessary element to ensure success, every male throughout the whole country has sworn never to submit to the Russians, nor to enter into any commercial relation, nor hold any communication with them, under any pretence.

The eternal feuds which had heretofore subsisted between chief and chief, tribe and tribe, have ceased; and those Circassians which had hitherto ravaged each other's territories, are now to be seen hand in hand, united by the closest bonds of fellowship.

— Edmund Spencer