An industrial and provident society (IPS) is a body corporate registered for carrying on any industries, businesses, or trades specified in or authorised by its rules.

The members of a society benefit from the protection of limited liability much like other corporate forms, but unlike companies for example, each member will normally only have one vote at a General Meeting regardless of their shareholding. The governance of a society is therefore democratically oriented rather than financially oriented.

The legal form originated in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and became the traditional legal form taken by trading organisations with democratic governance including:

In Great Britain the Co-operative and Community Benefit Societies Act 2014 has renamed these societies as co-operative or community benefit societies.

The term industrial and provident society is still used in statute in New Zealand, the Republic of Ireland and within the UK in Northern Ireland.

The first legislation basis for industrial and provident societies arose in the Industrial and Provident Societies Partnership Act 1852 (15 & 16 Vict. c. 31).

The legislation was subsequently amended and consolidated by the Industrial and Provident Societies Act 1862 (25 & 26 Vict. c. 87), the Industrial and Provident Societies Act 1876 (39 & 40 Vict. c. 45) and most recently the Industrial and Provident Societies Act 1893 (56 & 57 Vict. c. 39), which was amended by the Industrial and Provident Societies (Amendment) Act 1895 (58 & 59 Vict. c. 30) and the Industrial and Provident Societies (Amendment) Act 1913 (3 & 4 Geo. 5. c. 31) and still forms the basis of the law on societies in the Republic of Ireland.

The Industrial and Provident Societies Act 1908 (No. 81) was passed by the New Zealand Parliament on 4 August 1908, and forms the basis of the law on societies in New Zealand.