Costly Colours, sometimes just called Costly, is a historical English card game for two players and a "fascinating relative of cribbage". The game "requires a moderate amount of skill in playing, and is well adapted to teach quickness in counting". It has more combinations than cribbage and retains the original scoring system for points, but does not use a 'crib'. In the 19th century it was described as "peculiar to Shropshire."

Like its close relative cribbage, Costly Colours is probably a descendant of Noddy, an English game that dates to at least 1589. The rules of Costly Colours are first described by Charles Cotton in the first edition of his compendium, The Compleat Gamester, in 1674; and reprinted in subsequent editions up to 1754. In 1816, Singer reprints the rules in his Researches, but by 1850 the game is being described as obsolete.

The game has been described as being the "speciality of Shropshire" and there is evidence that it was popular there in the early 19th-century, not least from a booklet published in Shrewsbury in 1805 entitled The Royal Game of Costly Colours which claimed that it was "an improvement on the game of Cribbage". About this time there was a "Costly Club" in Whitchurch that met in the evenings and, in the 1830s, elderly people still met to play the game in fours, but more often in twos, "with zest". Although they taught it to younger folk, the latter gave it up in favour of cribbage, "though it may be doubted whether costly was not the simpler and livelier game."

In 1883, a detailed description of the rules, based on the Shrewsbury booklet and on accounts by veteran players, is recorded by Georgina Jackson in Shropshire Folk-Lore, the information having been compiled in 1874. In 1894 the game is recorded as having been "in use at Shrewsbury and Ellesmere" but that "few now play or understand this old-fashioned game." In 1924, the game is briefly described in Mary Webb's Shropshire novel, Precious Bane, which was set in the time of the Napoleonic Wars.

Despite fading into obscurity, the game was discovered still being played in a Lancashire pub as recently as the early 1980s. In 2008, Parlett published the rules of "this fascinating relative of Cribbage and probably co-descendant of Noddy...".

A standard 52-card pack of English pattern, French-suited cards is used with Aces ranking high.

Although Cotton's rules are for two players, Jackson's 1874 rules state that it is played by two or four players. The following is based on Jackson except where stated, and assumes two players.

The aim is to be first to score 61 points (Cotton) or 121 points (Parlett), recorded as chalks on a slate or pegged as holes on a board.