Monoplex parthenopeus

Monoplex parthenopeus; Temporal range: Miocene - Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Apertural view of Monoplex parthenopeus
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 2.3)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Littorinimorpha
Family:	Cymatiidae
Genus:	Monoplex
Species:	M. parthenopeus
Binomial name
	Monoplex parthenopeus; (Salis-Marschlins, 1793)
Synonyms
	Cymatium (Cabestana) parthenopius (Salis Marschlins, 1793); Cymatium (Cabestana) parthenopius var. robusta Bellatante, 1954; † Cymatium (Linatella) valentinei Olsson & Petit, 1964; Cymatium (Monoplex) echo Kuroda & Habe in Kira, 1961; Cymatium (Monoplex) echo iwakawanum sensu Kuroda & Kira Shikama, 1964; Cymatium (Monoplex) parthenopeum (Salis, 1793); Cymatium (Septa) parthenopeum (Salis Marschlins, 1793); Cymatium echo Kuroda & Habe in Kira, 1961; Cymatium parthenopeum (Von Salis, 1793); Cymatium parthenopeum parthenopeum (Salis Marschlins, 1793); Cymatium (Septa) parthenopeum (Salis Marschlins, 1793); † Cymatium doliarium var. minor Segre, 1952; Cymatium turtoni E. A. Smith, 1890; Dissentoma prima Pilsbry, 1945; Monoplex australasiae Perry, 1811; Murex costatus Born, 1778 (invalid: junior homonym of Murex costatus Pennant, 1777); Murex costulatus Risso, 1826; † Murex doliare Brocchi, 1814; Murex intermedius Brocchi, 1814; Murex parthenopus Salis-Marschlins, 1793; Ranella parthenopaeum (Salis Marschlins, 1793) (incorrect generic placement; incorrect grammatical agreement of species epithet); Ranella pyramidata Risso, 1826; Septa (Monoplex) parthenopea (Salis Marschlins, 1793); Septa (Monoplex) parthenopea echo Beu, 1970; Triton (Monoplex) fossatum Gould, 1860; Triton (Simpulum) acclivis Hutton, 1873; † Triton abbreviatus Bellardi in d'Ancona, 1872; Triton acclivis Hutton, 1873; Triton americanum d'Orbigny, 1842; Triton brasilianum Gould, 1849; Triton fossatum Gould, 1860 (doubtful synonym); † Triton olearium var. escoffierae Fontannes, 1879; Triton parthenopaeum [sic] (misspelling of Triton parthenopeum (Salis Marschlins, 1793)); Triton parthenopaeum var. antupa de Gregorio, 1885; Triton parthenopaeum var. milona de Gregorio, 1884; Triton parthenopaeum var. peribranta de Gregorio, 1884; Triton parthenopaeum var. sbilpa de Gregorio, 1885; Triton parthenopaeum var. stimum de Gregorio, 1885; Triton succinctum Lamarck, 1816; Tritonium hirsutum Franseschini, 1906;

Monoplex parthenopeus,^[3]^[4] common name the giant triton or giant hairy triton, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cymatiidae.^[2] It preys on other molluscs.

Fossil records

This species have been recorded as fossils from the Miocene to the Quaternary (from 15.97 to 0.0 million years ago).^[5]

Distribution

This species occurs worldwide including:

The Western Atlantic Ocean^[4]
New Zealand^[6]

Description

The maximum recorded shell length is 180 mm.^[7]

Habitat

Trawled 40–60 m. off Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Minimum recorded depth is 0 m.^[7] Maximum recorded depth is 75 m.^[7]

Life cycle

Hairy tritons are notable for having particularly long planktonic periods. The veliger larvae remain in the plankton for nearly 300 days, dispersing as far as 4000 km.^[8] This is the longest known larval duration and dispersal distance of any marine invertebrate which occurs along the west coast of North America.^[9]

Gallery

A shell of Monoplex parthenopeus with periostracum removed
Same shell, apertural view
Apertural view of Monoplex parthenopeus echo (Kuroda & Habe in Kira, 1961) with operculum and periostracum attached
Fossil shell of Monoplex parthenopeus from Pliocene of Italy

References

^ Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Cymatium parthenopaeum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000 e.T6069A12386021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2000.RLTS.T6069A12386021.en.
^ ^a ^b Monoplex parthenopeus (Salis-Marschlins, 1793). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 December 2018.
^ Cymatium parthenopeum (Salis, 1793)", CLEMAM, accessed 18 February 2011.
^ ^a ^b "Cymatium parthenopeum (von Salis, 1793)". Malacolog Version 4.1.1. A Database of Western Atlantic Marine Mollusca. accessed 17 February 2011.
^ Fossilworks
^ Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
^ ^a ^b ^c Welch J. J. (2010). "The "Island Rule" and Deep-Sea Gastropods: Re-Examining the Evidence". PLOS One 5(1): e8776. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008776.
^ Scheltema, R. S. 1971. Larval dispersal as a means of genetic exchange between geographically separated populations of shoalwater benthic marine gastropods. Biological Bulletin 140:284–322.
^ AL Shanks, BA Grantham, MH Carr (2003) Propagule dispersal distance and the size and spacing of marine reserves. Ecological Applications, 13, S159-S169.

Salis Marschlins C. U. von (1793). Reisen in verschieden Provinzen den Königreischs Neapel. Zurich and Leipzig, Ziegler Vol. I: pp. 442 + 10 pl.
Beu, A. G. (1970). The Mollusca of the subgenus Monoplex (family Cymatiidae). Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Biological Sciences 11 (17): 225-237
Morton B. & Morton JE. (1983). The sea shore ecology of Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press
Gofas, S.; Afonso, J.P.; Brandào, M. (Ed.). (S.a.). Conchas e Moluscos de Angola = Coquillages et Mollusques d'Angola. [Shells and molluscs of Angola]. Universidade Agostinho / Elf Aquitaine Angola: Angola. 140 pp
Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
Rolán E., 2005. Malacological Fauna From The Cape Verde Archipelago. Part 1, Polyplacophora and Gastropoda.
Rosenberg, G., F. Moretzsohn, and E. F. García. 2009. Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 579–699 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas.
Beu A.G. 2010 [August]. Neogene tonnoidean gastropods of tropical and South America: contributions to the Dominican Republic and Panama Paleontology Projects and uplift of the Central American Isthmus. Bulletins of American Paleontology 377-378: 550 pp, 79 pls.

External links

[iucn-1] Mollusc Specialist Group (2000). "Cymatium parthenopaeum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2000 e.T6069A12386021. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2000.RLTS.T6069A12386021.en.

[WoRMS-2] Monoplex parthenopeus (Salis-Marschlins, 1793). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 December 2018.

[3] Cymatium parthenopeum (Salis, 1793)", CLEMAM, accessed 18 February 2011.

[malacolog-4] "Cymatium parthenopeum (von Salis, 1793)". Malacolog Version 4.1.1. A Database of Western Atlantic Marine Mollusca. accessed 17 February 2011.

[5] Fossilworks

[Powell-6] Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1

[Welch_2010-7] Welch J. J. (2010). "The "Island Rule" and Deep-Sea Gastropods: Re-Examining the Evidence". PLOS One 5(1): e8776. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008776.

[8] Scheltema, R. S. 1971. Larval dispersal as a means of genetic exchange between geographically separated populations of shoalwater benthic marine gastropods. Biological Bulletin 140:284–322.

[9] AL Shanks, BA Grantham, MH Carr (2003) Propagule dispersal distance and the size and spacing of marine reserves. Ecological Applications, 13, S159-S169.

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Taxon identifiers
Monoplex parthenopeus	Wikidata: Q1037526 AFD: Monoplex_parthenopeus BOLD: 898449 GBIF: 6488527 iNaturalist: 602100 IRMNG: 11813945 NCBI: 543398 OBIS: 476531 Open Tree of Life: 2890209 Paleobiology Database: 159070 SeaLifeBase: 4890 WoRMS: 476531
Murex parthenopeus	Wikidata: Q109578770 CoL: 44MBG GBIF: 6488533 WoRMS: 476775

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Monoplex parthenopeus Temporal range: Miocene - Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Apertural view of Monoplex parthenopeus
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN 2.3)^[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Littorinimorpha
Family:	Cymatiidae
Genus:	Monoplex
Species:	M. parthenopeus
Binomial name
*Monoplex parthenopeus* (Salis-Marschlins, 1793)
Synonyms^[2]
Cymatium (Cabestana) parthenopius (Salis Marschlins, 1793) Cymatium (Cabestana) parthenopius var. robusta Bellatante, 1954 † Cymatium (Linatella) valentinei Olsson & Petit, 1964 Cymatium (Monoplex) echo Kuroda & Habe in Kira, 1961 Cymatium (Monoplex) echo iwakawanum sensu Kuroda & Kira Shikama, 1964 Cymatium (Monoplex) parthenopeum (Salis, 1793) Cymatium (Septa) parthenopeum (Salis Marschlins, 1793) Cymatium echo Kuroda & Habe in Kira, 1961 Cymatium parthenopeum (Von Salis, 1793) Cymatium parthenopeum parthenopeum (Salis Marschlins, 1793) Cymatium (Septa) parthenopeum (Salis Marschlins, 1793) † Cymatium doliarium var. minor Segre, 1952 Cymatium turtoni E. A. Smith, 1890 Dissentoma prima Pilsbry, 1945 Monoplex australasiae Perry, 1811 Murex costatus Born, 1778 (invalid: junior homonym of Murex costatus Pennant, 1777) Murex costulatus Risso, 1826 † Murex doliare Brocchi, 1814 Murex intermedius Brocchi, 1814 Murex parthenopus Salis-Marschlins, 1793 Ranella parthenopaeum (Salis Marschlins, 1793) (incorrect generic placement; incorrect grammatical agreement of species epithet) Ranella pyramidata Risso, 1826 Septa (Monoplex) parthenopea (Salis Marschlins, 1793) Septa (Monoplex) parthenopea echo Beu, 1970 Triton (Monoplex) fossatum Gould, 1860 Triton (Simpulum) acclivis Hutton, 1873 † Triton abbreviatus Bellardi in d'Ancona, 1872 Triton acclivis Hutton, 1873 Triton americanum d'Orbigny, 1842 Triton brasilianum Gould, 1849 Triton fossatum Gould, 1860 (doubtful synonym) † Triton olearium var. escoffierae Fontannes, 1879 Triton parthenopaeum [sic] (misspelling of Triton parthenopeum (Salis Marschlins, 1793)) Triton parthenopaeum var. antupa de Gregorio, 1885 Triton parthenopaeum var. milona de Gregorio, 1884 Triton parthenopaeum var. peribranta de Gregorio, 1884 Triton parthenopaeum var. sbilpa de Gregorio, 1885 Triton parthenopaeum var. stimum de Gregorio, 1885 Triton succinctum Lamarck, 1816 Tritonium hirsutum Franseschini, 1906