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Dyssomnia

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Dyssomnia

Dyssomnias are a broad classification of sleeping disorders involving difficulty getting to sleep, remaining asleep, or of excessive sleepiness.

Dyssomnias are primary disorders of initiating or maintaining sleep or of excessive sleepiness and are characterized by a disturbance in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep.

Patients may complain of difficulty getting to sleep or staying asleep, intermittent wakefulness during the night, early morning awakening, or combinations of any of these. Transient episodes are usually of little significance. Stress, caffeine, physical discomfort, daytime napping, and early bedtimes are common factors.

There are over 31 recognized kinds of dyssomnias. The major three groups, along with the group types, include:

Managing dyssomnias involves various strategies to regulate sleep patterns.

Sleep hygiene focuses on eliminating behaviors that disrupt sleep, particularly for shift workers.

Melatonin, a natural sleep-inducing hormone, can help adjust circadian rhythms in cases like jet lag and shift work.

Light therapy (2500–10,000 lux for 30–120 minutes daily) aids circadian realignment—morning exposure promotes wakefulness, while evening exposure delays sleep onset.

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