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Eadweard Muybridge
Muybridge in 1899
Born	Edward James Muggeridge (1830-04-09)9 April 1830 Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, England
Died	8 May 1904(1904-05-08) (aged 74) Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, England
Resting place	Woking, Surrey, England
Known for	Photography
Notable work	The Horse in Motion

Patron(s)	Leland Stanford
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Eadweard Muybridge (/\u02cc\u025bdw\u0259rd \u02c8ma\u026abr\u026ad\u0292/; 9 April 1830 \u2013 8 May 1904, born Edward James Muggeridge) was an English photographer known for his pioneering work in photographic studies of motion, and early work in motion-picture projection. \n

He adopted the first name \"Eadweard\" as the original Anglo-Saxon form of \"Edward\", and the surname \"Muybridge\", believing it to be similarly archaic.^[1] A noted photographer in the 19th century American West, he photographed Yosemite, San Francisco, the newly acquired Alaskan Territory, subjects involved in the Modoc War, and lighthouses on the West Coast. He also made his early \"moving\" picture studies in California.\n

Born in Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, England, at the age of 20 he emigrated to the United States as a bookseller, first to New York City, then to San Francisco. In 1860, he planned a return trip to Europe, but suffered serious head injuries en route in a stagecoach crash in Texas.^[2]^[3] He spent the next few years recuperating in Kingston upon Thames, where he took up professional photography, learned the wet-plate collodion process, and secured at least two British patents for his inventions.^[2] He returned to San Francisco in 1867, a man with a markedly changed personality. In 1868, he exhibited large photographs of Yosemite Valley, and began selling popular stereographs of his work.\n

Muybridge is known for his pioneering chronophotography of animal locomotion between 1878 and 1886, which used multiple cameras to capture the different positions in a stride; and for his zoopraxiscope, a device for projecting painted motion pictures from glass discs that predated the flexible perforated film strip used in cinematography.^[4] From 1883 to 1886, he entered a very productive period at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, producing over 100,000 images of animals and humans in motion, occasionally capturing what the human eye could not distinguish as separate moments in time.\n

In his later years, Muybridge gave many public lectures and demonstrations of his photography and early motion picture sequences, travelling frequently in England and Europe to publicise his work in cities such as London and Paris.^[5] He also edited and published compilations of his work (some of which are still in print today), which greatly influenced visual artists and the developing fields of scientific and industrial photography. He retired to his native England permanently in 1894. In 1904, the year of his death, the Kingston Museum opened in his hometown, and continues to house a substantial collection of his works in a dedicated gallery.\n

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Names

1830\u20131850: early life and family

1850\u20131860: bookselling in America

1860\u20131866: serious accident, recuperation, early patents, and short career as venture capitalist

1867\u20131873: Helios, photographer of the American West

San Francisco views

Yosemite

Government commissions

Alaska

Lighthouses of the West Coast

Modoc War

1872\u20131879: Stanford and horse gaits

1878: San Francisco panorama

1871\u20131881: personal life, marriage, killing, acquittal, paternity, and divorce

1882\u20131893: motion studies in Philadelphia

1894\u20131904: retirement and death

Influence on others

Exhibitions and collections

Legacy and representation in other media

See also

References

Sources

External links

Eadweard Muybridge

Media collections