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Emanuel Swedenborg
Portrait of Swedenborg by Carl Frederik von Breda
Born	Emanuel Swedberg (1688-01-29)29 January 1688 Stockholm, Sweden
Died	29 March 1772(1772-03-29) (aged 84) London, England
Education	Uppsala University
Occupations	Theologian Mining engineer Anatomist Astronomer Author
Notable work	Arcana C\u0153lestia True Christian Religion Heaven and Hell
Theological work
Era	18th-century
Tradition or movement	Esoteric Christianity; inspired the New Church^[1]
Main interests	Theology Science Philosophy
Notable ideas	Trinity in one person Correspondence The Last Judgment and Christ's Second Coming began in 1757
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Emanuel Swedenborg (/\u02c8swi\u02d0d\u0259nb\u0254\u02d0r\u0261/,^[2] Swedish: [\u02c8sv\u00ea\u02d0d\u025bn\u02ccb\u0254rj] ^\u24d8; born Emanuel Swedberg; (29 January 1688 – 29 March 1772)^[3] was a Swedish polymath; scientist, engineer, astronomer, anatomist, Christian theologian, philosopher, and mystic.^[4] He became best known for his book on the afterlife, Heaven and Hell (1758).^[5]^[6]\n

Swedenborg had a prolific career as an inventor and scientist. In 1741, at 53, he entered into a spiritual phase in which he began to experience dreams and visions, notably on Easter Weekend, on 6 April^[7]\n1744.^[8]\nHis experiences culminated in a \"spiritual awakening\" in which he received a revelation that Jesus Christ had appointed him to write The Heavenly Doctrine to reform Christianity.^[9] According to The Heavenly Doctrine, the Lord had opened Swedenborg's spiritual eyes so that from then on, he could freely visit heaven and hell to converse with angels, demons, and other spirits and that the Last Judgment had already occurred in 1757, the year before the 1758 publication of De Nova Hierosolyma et ejus doctrina coelesti (English: Concerning the New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine).^[10]\n

Over the last 28 years of his life, Swedenborg wrote 18 published theological works\u2014and several more that remained unpublished. He termed himself a \"Servant of the Lord Jesus Christ\" in True Christian Religion,^[11] which he published himself.^[12] Some followers of The Heavenly Doctrine believe that of his theological works, only those that were published by Swedenborg himself are fully divinely inspired.^[13] Others have regarded all Swedenborg's theological works as equally inspired, saying for example that the fact that some works were \"not written out in a final edited form for publication does not make a single statement less trustworthy than the statements in any of the other works\".^[14] The New Church, also known as Swedenborgianism, is a Restorationist denomination of Christianity originally founded in 1787 and comprising several historically related Christian churches that revere Swedenborg's writings as revelation.^[1]^[15]\n

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v t e Emanuel Swedenborg
Books	\n Arcana C\u0153lestia (1749\u20131756) \n Concerning the Earths in Our Solar System (1758) \n Heaven and Hell (1758) \n
Ideas	\n Correspondence \n Flying machine \n
Organisations	\n The New Church \n Swedenborg Society \n
In culture	\n Bust, Chicago \n Louis Lambert \n S\u00e9raph\u00eeta \n

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Early life

Early scientific work and spiritual reflections

Scientific studies and spiritual reflections in the 1730s

Journal of Dreams

Visions and spiritual insights

Scriptural commentary and writings

Later life

Veracity

Scientific beliefs

Prophetic accounts

Fire anecdotes

Queen of Sweden

Lost document

Kant's view

Theology

Marriage

Trinity

Sola Fide (Faith Alone)

Later history

Works

In popular culture

Posthumous honours

See also

Notes

References

Sources

Further reading

External links

Emanuel Swedenborg

Media collections