Pukatja (formerly Ernabella, Pitjantjatjara: Anapala) is an Aboriginal community in the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Lands in South Australia, comprising one of the six main communities on "The Lands" (the others being Amata, Pipalyatjara, Fregon/Kaltjiti, Indulkana and Mimili).

Established as a Presbyterian mission in 1937 with enlightened practices which maintained the Pitjantjatjara language at the school and church services, Ernabella was handed over to the community in 1974 and was later named Pukatja. Ernabella Arts is Australia's oldest continuously running Indigenous art centre.

Due to its links with the Northern Territory and proximity to the border, the APY Lands do not observe daylight savings unlike the rest of South Australia. The time zone observed throughout the year is Australian Central Standard Time (UTC+9:30), in line with Darwin rather than Adelaide.

Pukatja is in the eastern Musgrave Ranges, west of the Stuart Highway, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of the Northern Territory border, about 330 kilometres (210 mi) south-west of Alice Springs and 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of Umuwa, the major administrative centre within the APY Lands. It is about 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) by road from Adelaide.

The community sits at an elevation of about 703 metres (2,306 ft).

The area is prone to earthquakes, one of few areas of Australia to have experienced multiple large earthquakes in recorded history. In 2012 and 2013, the town experienced a 5.7 magnitude earthquake, classified as "moderate" on the Richter scale and the country's two largest earthquakes in those years.

In the 2016 Australian census, the population was 412, down from 503 in 2011.

In the 2001 census, Pukatja had 226 residents, and was second only to sister community Mimili in having the lowest per capita income in South Australia ($174). Like a number of APY Lands communities, Pukatja has one of the highest proportions of Australian-born residents (97.5%).