European paradox

The European paradox is the perceived failure of European countries to translate scientific advances into marketable innovations.^[1]^[2] The term was coined in a European Commission Green Paper in 1995.^[3] Recently, several articles questioned both the theoretical interpretation upon which the paradox conjecture is based and its empirical underpinnings.^[4]

Other countries

The phenomenon of having a well-educated workforce with strong academia, while trailing in commercialization of technology is also frequently bemoaned in Australia. There the cause is frequently attributed to high taxation, low government industry support and general anti-intellectualism. A key difference is population size, as Australia is constrained by a very small domestic market, while Europe is not.

References

^ Maassen, Peter A. M.; Olsen, Johan P. (14 May 2007). University dynamics and European integration. Springer. p. 174. ISBN 978-1-4020-5970-4. Retrieved 26 March 2010. ... the research policy paradigm was already well embedded in a competitiveness/innovation oriented understanding and an understanding of the so-called European paradox, that is, the conjecture that EU member states play a leading global role in terms of top-level scientific output, but lag behind in the ability of converting this strength into wealth-generating innovations.
^ Andreasen, Lars Erik (1995). Europe's next step: organisational innovation, competition and employment. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7146-4630-5. Retrieved 2 April 2010.
"... Europe’s poor position is not a result of its performance in research or R&D. On this point, there is in fact a European paradox ..." (page 10)
"... the efficiency of European R&D is 0.74, as against 1.6 for the USA and 1.32 for Japan. It is this which represents what I refer to as the ‘European paradox’."
^ "Green paper on innovation" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-05-01.
^ See for example Dosi, Giovanni; Llerena, Patrick; Labini, Mauro Sylos (2006). "The relationships between science, technologies and their industrial exploitation: An illustration through the myths and realities of the so-called 'European Paradox'". Research Policy. 35 (10): 1450–1464. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2006.09.012. Research Policy, Volume 35, Issue 10, December 2006, Pages 1450-1464.

External links

The Extended European Paradox: What is it and why does it matter? Archived 2018-02-09 at the Wayback Machine
Ulrich Hottelet: Making inventions pay, German Times, May 2007

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[MaassenOlsen2007-1] Maassen, Peter A. M.; Olsen, Johan P. (14 May 2007). University dynamics and European integration. Springer. p. 174. ISBN 978-1-4020-5970-4. Retrieved 26 March 2010. ... the research policy paradigm was already well embedded in a competitiveness/innovation oriented understanding and an understanding of the so-called European paradox, that is, the conjecture that EU member states play a leading global role in terms of top-level scientific output, but lag behind in the ability of converting this strength into wealth-generating innovations.

[Andreasen1995-2] Andreasen, Lars Erik (1995). Europe's next step: organisational innovation, competition and employment. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7146-4630-5. Retrieved 2 April 2010.
"... Europe’s poor position is not a result of its performance in research or R&D. On this point, there is in fact a European paradox ..." (page 10)
"... the efficiency of European R&D is 0.74, as against 1.6 for the USA and 1.32 for Japan. It is this which represents what I refer to as the ‘European paradox’."

[3] "Green paper on innovation" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-05-01.

[4] See for example Dosi, Giovanni; Llerena, Patrick; Labini, Mauro Sylos (2006). "The relationships between science, technologies and their industrial exploitation: An illustration through the myths and realities of the so-called 'European Paradox'". Research Policy. 35 (10): 1450–1464. doi:10.1016/j.respol.2006.09.012. Research Policy, Volume 35, Issue 10, December 2006, Pages 1450-1464.

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v t e Paradoxes
Philosophical	Analysis Buridan's bridge Dream argument Epicurean Fiction Fitch's knowability Free will Goodman's Hedonism Liberal Meno's Mere addition Moore's Newcomb's Nihilism Omnipotence Preface Rule-following Sorites Theseus' ship White horse Zeno's
Logical	Barber Berry Bhartrhari's Burali-Forti Court Crocodile Curry's Epimenides Free choice paradox Grelling–Nelson Kleene–Rosser Liar Card No-no Pinocchio Quine's Yablo's Opposite Day Paradoxes of set theory Richard's Russell's Socratic Hilbert's Hotel Temperature paradox Barbershop Catch-22 Chicken or the egg Drinker Entailment Lottery Plato's beard Raven Ross's Unexpected hanging "What the Tortoise Said to Achilles" Heat death paradox Olbers's paradox
Economic	Allais Antitrust Arrow information Bertrand Braess' Competition Income and fertility Downs–Thomson Easterlin Edgeworth Ellsberg European Gibson's Giffen good Icarus Jevons Leontief Lerner Lucas Mandeville's Mayfield's Metzler Plenty Productivity Prosperity Scitovsky Service recovery St. Petersburg Thrift Toil Tullock Value
Decision theory	Abilene Apportionment Alabama New states Population Arrow's Buridan's ass Chainstore Condorcet's Decision-making Downs Ellsberg Fenno's Fredkin's Green Hedgehog's Inventor's Kavka's toxin puzzle Morton's fork Navigation Newcomb's Parrondo's Preparedness Prevention Prisoner's dilemma Tolerance Willpower
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