- Wikipedia

{"parse":{"title":"Franklin D. Roosevelt","pageid":10979,"text":{"*":"

\"FDR\" redirects here. For other uses, see FDR (disambiguation) and Franklin D. Roosevelt (disambiguation).

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Franklin D. Roosevelt
$\"Franklin$ Official campaign portrait, 1944

32nd President of the United States
In office March 4, 1933 \u2013 April 12, 1945
Vice President	\n John Nance Garner (1933\u20131941) \n Henry A. Wallace (1941\u20131945) \n Harry S. Truman (Jan\u2013Apr. 1945) \n
Preceded by	Herbert Hoover
Succeeded by	Harry S. Truman
44th Governor of New York
In office January 1, 1929 \u2013 December 31, 1932
Lieutenant	Herbert H. Lehman
Preceded by	Al Smith
Succeeded by	Herbert H. Lehman
Assistant Secretary of the Navy
In office March 17, 1913 \u2013 August 26, 1920
President	Woodrow Wilson
Preceded by	Beekman Winthrop
Succeeded by	Gordon Woodbury
Member of the New York State Senate from the 26th district
In office January 1, 1911 \u2013 March 17, 1913
Preceded by	John F. Schlosser
Succeeded by	James E. Towner
\n
Personal details
Born	Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-01-30)January 30, 1882 Hyde Park, New York, U.S.
Died	April 12, 1945(1945-04-12) (aged 63) Warm Springs, Georgia, U.S.
Resting place	Springwood Estate
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	\n Eleanor Roosevelt (m. 1905)
Children	6, including Anna, James, Elliott, Franklin Jr., John
Parents	\n James Roosevelt I \n Sara Delano \n
Relatives	\n Roosevelt family \n Delano family \n
Education	\n Harvard University (AB) \n Columbia University \n
Signature	$\"Cursive$
\n \n \n Franklin D. Roosevelt's voice \n \n On the attack on Pearl Harbor and declaring war on Japan Recorded December 8, 1941 \n

Franklin Delano Roosevelt^[a] (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), also known as FDR, was the 32nd president of the United States, serving from 1933 until his death in 1945. He is the longest-serving U.S. president, and the only one to have served more than two terms. His initial two terms were centered on combating the Great Depression, while his third and fourth saw him shift his focus to America's involvement in World War II.\n

A member of the prominent Delano and Roosevelt families, Roosevelt was elected to the New York State Senate from 1911 to 1913 and was then the assistant Secretary of the Navy under President Woodrow Wilson during World War I. Roosevelt was James M. Cox's running mate on the Democratic Party's ticket in the 1920 U.S. presidential election, but Cox lost to Republican nominee Warren G. Harding. In 1921, Roosevelt contracted a paralytic illness that permanently paralyzed his legs. Partly through the encouragement of his wife, Eleanor Roosevelt, he returned to public office as governor of New York from 1929 to 1933, during which he promoted programs to combat the Great Depression. In the 1932 presidential election, Roosevelt defeated president Herbert Hoover in a landslide victory.\n

During his first 100 days as president, Roosevelt spearheaded unprecedented federal legislation and directed the federal government during most of the Great Depression, implementing the New Deal, building the New Deal coalition, and realigning American politics into the Fifth Party System. He created numerous programs to provide relief to the unemployed and farmers while seeking economic recovery with the National Recovery Administration and other programs. He also instituted major regulatory reforms related to finance, communications, and labor, and presided over the end of Prohibition. In 1936, Roosevelt won a landslide reelection. He was unable to expand the Supreme Court in 1937, the same year the conservative coalition was formed to block the implementation of further New Deal programs and reforms. Major surviving programs and legislation implemented under Roosevelt include the Securities and Exchange Commission, the National Labor Relations Act, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and Social Security. In 1940, he ran successfully for reelection, before the official implementation of term limits.\n

Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Roosevelt obtained a declaration of war on Japan. When in turn, Japan's Axis partners, Nazi Germany and Italy, declared war on the U.S. on December 11, 1941, he secured additional declarations of war from the United States Congress. He worked closely with other national leaders in leading the Allies against the Axis powers. Roosevelt supervised the mobilization of the American economy to support the war effort and implemented a Europe first strategy. He also initiated the development of the first atomic bomb and worked with the other Allied leaders to lay the groundwork for the United Nations and other post-war institutions, even coining the term \"United Nations\".^[2] Roosevelt won reelection in 1944 but died in 1945 after his physical health seriously and steadily declined during the war years. Since then, several of his actions have come under criticism, such as his ordering of the internment of Japanese Americans. Nonetheless, historical rankings consistently place him among the three greatest American presidents.\n

\n\n

Year	Lebergott	Darby\n
1929	3.2	3.2\n
1932	23.6	22.9\n
1933	24.9	20.6\n
1934	21.7	16.0\n
1935	20.1	14.2\n
1936	16.9	9.9\n
1937	14.3	9.1\n
1938	19.0	12.5\n
1939	17.2	11.3\n
1940	14.6	9.5\n

v t e Franklin D. Roosevelt
\n 32nd President of the United States (1933\u20131945) \n 44th Governor of New York (1929\u20131932) \n Assistant Secretary of the Navy (1913\u20131920) \n New York State Senator (1911\u20131913) \n
Presidency (timeline)	\n Transition \n Inaugurations (1st \n 2nd \n 3rd \n 4th) \n First and second terms \n Third and fourth terms \n Foreign policy \n New Deal\n overview \n New Deal coalition \n First 100 days \n Second New Deal \n Federal Emergency Relief Administration \n Civilian Conservation Corps \n Agricultural Adjustment Act \n Emergency Banking Act \n Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944 \n Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act \n Tennessee Valley Authority \n National Labor Relations Act of 1935 \n National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933\n Public Works Administration \n National Recovery Administration \n Works Progress Administration\n National Youth Administration \n Social Security Act\n Aid to Families with Dependent Children \n Communications Act of 1934\n Federal Communications Commission \n Securities and Exchange Commission \n Monetary gold ownership\n Gold Reserve Act \n Silver seizure \n Record on civil rights\n Defense industry non-discrimination \n Fair Employment Practice Committee \n Indian Reorganization Act \n Executive Orders 9066, 9102\n War Relocation Authority \n Japanese American internment \n German-American internment \n Italian-American internment \n Brownlow Committee \n Executive Office of the President \n G.I. Bill of Rights \n Cullen\u2013Harrison Act \n Roerich Pact \n Four Freedoms\n Four Freedoms Monument \n Black Cabinet \n Jefferson's Birthday holiday \n Jefferson Memorial \n Judicial Court-Packing Bill \n Cannabis policy \n Federal Judicial appointments\n Supreme Court \n Harlan F. Stone Supreme Court nomination \n Wiley Rutledge Supreme Court nomination \n Cabinet \n \"Brain Trust\" \n March of Dimes \n Modern Oval Office \n Official car \n Criticism\n Franksgiving \n Executive Orders \n Presidential Proclamations \n
Presidential foreign policy	\n Banana Wars\n U.S. occupation of Nicaragua, 1912\u20131933 \n U.S. occupation of Haiti, 1915\u20131934 \n Good Neighbor Policy (1933\u20131945) \n Montevideo Convention (1933) \n Second London Naval Treaty (1936) \n ABCD line (1940) \n Export Control Act \n Four Policemen \n Destroyers-for-bases deal \n Lend-Lease \n 1940 Selective Service Act \n Hull note \n Atlantic Charter (1941) \n Military history of the United States during World War II\n Home front during World War II \n Combined Munitions Assignments Board \n War Production Board \n Declaration by United Nations (1942)\n Dumbarton Oaks Conference \n World War II conferences \n Quebec Agreement \n Europe first \n Morgenthau Plan support \n
Presidential speeches	\n 1932 Acceptance speech \n Commonwealth Club Address \n Madison Square Garden speech \n \"Four Freedoms\" \n Day of Infamy speech \n Arsenal of Democracy \n \"...is fear itself\" \n Fireside chats \n \"Look to Norway\" \n Quarantine Speech \n \"The More Abundant Life\" \n State of the Union Address (1934 \n 1938 \n 1939 \n 1940 \n 1941 (Four Freedoms) \n 1944 (Second Bill of Rights) \n 1945) \n
Other events	\n Early life, education, career \n Warm Springs Institute \n Governorship of New York \n Business Plot \n Assassination attempt \n
Elections	\n 1928 New York state election \n 1930 \n Democratic National Convention, 1920 \n 1924 \n 1932 \n 1936 \n 1940 \n 1944 \n 1920 United States presidential election \n 1932\n theme song \n 1936 \n 1940 \n 1944 \n
Life and homes	\n Early life and education\n Groton School \n Springwood birthplace, home, and gravesite \n Adams House\n FDR Suite \n Campobello home \n Paralytic illness \n Top Cottage \n Little White House, Warm Springs, Georgia \n
Legacy	\n Bibliography \n Statues \n Presidential Library and Museum\n Roosevelt Institute \n Roosevelt Institute Campus Network \n Franklin Delano Roosevelt Foundation \n Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial \n Roosevelt Island\n Four Freedoms Park \n White House Roosevelt Room \n Roosevelt Institute for American Studies \n USS Franklin D. Roosevelt \n USS Roosevelt \n Four Freedoms Award \n Four Freedoms paintings \n Unfinished portrait \n U.S. Postage stamps \n Roosevelt dime \n I'd Rather Be Right 1937 musical \n Films\n The Roosevelt Story 1947 \n Sunrise at Campobello 1960 \n Eleanor and Franklin 1976, The White House Years 1977 \n Backstairs at the White House 1979 miniseries \n World War II: When Lions Roared 1997 miniseries \n Warm Springs 2005 \n Hyde Park on Hudson 2012 \n The Roosevelts 2014 documentary \n The First Lady 2022 miniseries \n FDR 2023 miniseries \n The Six Triple Eight 2024 film \n Other namesakes \n
Family (Roosevelt • Delano)	\n Eleanor Roosevelt (wife) \n Anna Roosevelt Halsted (daughter) \n James Roosevelt II (son) \n Elliott Roosevelt (son) \n Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr. (son) \n John Aspinwall Roosevelt II (son) \n James Roosevelt I (father) \n Sara Ann Delano (mother) \n James Roosevelt Roosevelt (half-brother) \n Isaac Roosevelt (grandfather) \n Warren Delano Jr. (grandfather) \n Fala (family dog) \n Major (family dog) \n
\n \u2190 Herbert Hoover \n Harry S. Truman \u2192 \n $\"\"$ Category \n

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Early life and marriage

Childhood

Education and early career

Marriage, family, and extramarital affairs

Early political career (1910\u20131920)

New York state senator (1910\u20131913)

Assistant Secretary of the Navy (1913\u20131919)

Campaign for vice president (1920)

Paralytic illness and political comeback (1921\u20131928)

Governor of New York (1929\u20131932)

1932 presidential election

Transition and assassination attempt

Presidency (1933\u20131945)

First and second terms (1933\u20131941)

First New Deal (1933\u20131934)

Second New Deal (1935\u20131936)

Election of 1936

Supreme Court fight and second term legislation

Conservation and the environment

GNP and unemployment rates

Foreign policy (1933\u20131941)

Election of 1940

Third and fourth terms (1941\u20131945)

Lead-up to the war

Pearl Harbor and declarations of war

War plans

Nuclear program

Wartime conferences

Course of the war

Home front

Declining health

Election of 1944

Final months and death

Civil rights, repatriation, internment, and the Holocaust

Lynching and civil rights

Japanese Americans

The Holocaust

Legacy

Historical reputation

Memorials

See also

Notes

Citations

Works cited

External links

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Talks

12 April, 1945