The Gaumont-British Picture Corporation was a British company that produced and distributed films and operated a cinema chain in the United Kingdom. It was established in 1898 as an offshoot of France's Gaumont. In 1941 it became part of The Rank Organisation and was merged into The Rank Organisation in 1962.

Gaumont-British was founded in 1898 as the British subsidiary of the French film studio Gaumont.

In 1910, Gaumont Graphic Studios were at Shepherds Bush, in London.

In 1914, the Gaumont-British film studios were opened, then completely rebuilt for sound, re-opening on 29 June 1932.

"Gaumont Graphic newsreels were exhibited as part of larger cinema programmes from 1910 to 1932, when Gaumont Sound News was launched (superseded by Gaumont British News in 1934)."

Gaumont's British subsidiary became independent of its French parent in 1922 when Isidore Ostrer acquired control of Gaumont-British. In 1927 the Ideal Film Company, a leading silent film maker, merged with Gaumont. Gaumont-British Pictures Corporation was formed in 1927.

The company's Lime Grove Studios was used for film productions, including Alfred Hitchcock's adaptation of The 39 Steps (1935), while its Islington Studios made Hitchcock's The Lady Vanishes (1938). In the 1930s, the company employed 16,000 people. During her first attempt in 1933 at circumnavigation of the UK, kayaker Fridel Meyer gave lectures about her journey at various landing places, for the Gaumont-British Picture Corporation.

Michael Balcon later reflected that although the years of 1934 and 1935 produced films such as The Thirty-Nine Steps and Tudor Rose "on the whole our films in those years were not as good as they should have been, and they were costing more than they should have." He felt it might have been different if the studio "had a sufficiently powerful and effective global selling organisation" and also that the decision to import American stars and directors was not worth it, artistically or financially.