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Hamgyong line
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Hamgyong line
The Hamgyeong line was a railway line of the Chosen Government Railway (Sentetsu) in Japanese-occupied Korea, running from Wonsan to Sangsambong. Construction began in 1914, and was completed in 1928. The line is now entirely within North Korea; the Korean State Railway has divided it between the Kangwŏn Line (Wonsan−Kowon section), the P'yŏngra Line (Kowon−Cheongjin section), the Kangdŏk Line (Namgangdŏk−Suseong), and the Hambuk Line (Chongjin−Sangsambong section).
Sentetsu began construction of a line north from Wonsan on the Gyeongwon Line on 1 October 1914. The first section, a 20.0 km (12.4 mi) line from Wonsan to Muncheon, was completed on 1 August 1915, followed by a 34.4 km (21.4 mi) extension from Muncheon to Yeongheung via Gowon on 21 July 1916. At the same time, Sentetsu started construction of a line north from the important east coast port of Cheongjin, completing the first 55.7 km (34.6 mi) section from Cheongjin to Changpyeong, on 5 November 1916.
On 31 July 1917, the management of Sentetsu was transferred from the Railway Bureau of the Government-General of Korea to the South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu), which established the Mantetsu Gyeongseong Railway Administration (Japanese: 満鉄京城管理局, Mantetsu Keijō Kanrikyoku; 만철 경성 관리국, Mancheol Gyeongseong Gwalliguk) to oversee the operation of all railways in Korea. Construction of the Cheongjin Line was accelerated under Mantetsu management, and by the end of 1917 it had been completed all the way to Hoeryeong, with the 13.4 km (8.3 mi) from Changpyeong to Pungsan opened on 16 September, and the remaining 24.7 km (15.3 mi) to Hoeryong opened on 25 November of that year.
To handle increasing freight traffic on the line, a large marshalling yard, called Cheongjin Jochajang, was built near Cheongjin. To access this, a new 14.9 km (9.3 mi) line between Nanam and Suseong (on the Cheongjin−Changpyeong line) was built, being opened on 10 December 1919; Gangdeok station, located 7.2 km (4.5 mi) from Nanam, was opened on 1 August 1922. Construction of the southern portion of the Hamgyeong Line continued at the same time, with a new 69.5 km (43.2 mi) section from Yeongheung to Hamheung being opened on 15 December 1919.
Mantetsu continued expanding the Hamgyeong Line slowly over the next few years, opening 21.0 km (13.0 mi) south from Nanam to Jueul on 11 November 1920, 18.0 km (11.2 mi) north from Hamheung to Seohojin on 1 December 1922, followed by another 18.4 km (11.4 mi) north from Seohojin to Toejo on 25 September 1923. Following that three-year period of rather sedate expansion, on 11 October 1924 Mantetsu opened three major new sections: 58.0 km (36.0 mi) north from Teojo to Yanghwa, 39.5 km (24.5 mi) south from Jueul to Ponggang, as well as a disconnected, 84.7 km (52.6 mi) central section from Dancheon to Gilju.
On 1 April 1925, management of Korea's railways was returned to the Railway Bureau, and Sentetsu became independent of Mantetsu once again. Construction of the east coast line slowed down somewhat for a time, with 1925 seeing the opening of only 14.1 km (8.8 mi) of new line (Yanghwa−Sokhu), whilst in 1926 only 26.2 km (16.3 mi) of new construction was completed - 8.9 km (5.5 mi) north from Sokhu to Sinbukcheong, and 17.3 km (10.7 mi) south from Ponggang to Geukdong. The first half of 1927 was even slower - only an 8.1 km (5.0 mi) section from Geukdong to Yongdong had been completed by 10 June; in the second half of the year, however, major progress was made, with over 85 km (53 mi) of new railway opened: 39.4 km (24.5 mi) from Gilju to Yongdong, 31.5 km (19.6 mi) from Gunseon to Dancheon, as well as a section of approximately 15 km (9.3 mi) from Sinbukcheong to Bansong (this station, located somewhere between Geosan and Geonja, was closed on 31 August 1928.
The final 26.1 km (16.2 mi) gap between Geosan and Gunseon was closed on 1 September 1928, completing the line in its entirety from Wonsan to Hoeryeong. At the same time, the line was split, with the Wonsan−Cheongjin section being named the Hamgyeong Main Line, and the Cheongjin−Hoeryeong section becoming the Cheongjin Line. These lines later played a major role in the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, and grew further in importance after the establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo.
The privately owned Domun Railway was formed in 1920, opening its first line, (40.4 km (25.1 mi)) from Hoeryeong to Sangsambong on 5 January 1920. This line was subsequently extended twice, from Sangsambong to Jongseon (9.1 km (5.7 mi)) on 1 December 1922, and from Jongseon to Donggwanjin (8.2 km (5.1 mi)) on 1 November 1924.
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Hamgyong line
The Hamgyeong line was a railway line of the Chosen Government Railway (Sentetsu) in Japanese-occupied Korea, running from Wonsan to Sangsambong. Construction began in 1914, and was completed in 1928. The line is now entirely within North Korea; the Korean State Railway has divided it between the Kangwŏn Line (Wonsan−Kowon section), the P'yŏngra Line (Kowon−Cheongjin section), the Kangdŏk Line (Namgangdŏk−Suseong), and the Hambuk Line (Chongjin−Sangsambong section).
Sentetsu began construction of a line north from Wonsan on the Gyeongwon Line on 1 October 1914. The first section, a 20.0 km (12.4 mi) line from Wonsan to Muncheon, was completed on 1 August 1915, followed by a 34.4 km (21.4 mi) extension from Muncheon to Yeongheung via Gowon on 21 July 1916. At the same time, Sentetsu started construction of a line north from the important east coast port of Cheongjin, completing the first 55.7 km (34.6 mi) section from Cheongjin to Changpyeong, on 5 November 1916.
On 31 July 1917, the management of Sentetsu was transferred from the Railway Bureau of the Government-General of Korea to the South Manchuria Railway (Mantetsu), which established the Mantetsu Gyeongseong Railway Administration (Japanese: 満鉄京城管理局, Mantetsu Keijō Kanrikyoku; 만철 경성 관리국, Mancheol Gyeongseong Gwalliguk) to oversee the operation of all railways in Korea. Construction of the Cheongjin Line was accelerated under Mantetsu management, and by the end of 1917 it had been completed all the way to Hoeryeong, with the 13.4 km (8.3 mi) from Changpyeong to Pungsan opened on 16 September, and the remaining 24.7 km (15.3 mi) to Hoeryong opened on 25 November of that year.
To handle increasing freight traffic on the line, a large marshalling yard, called Cheongjin Jochajang, was built near Cheongjin. To access this, a new 14.9 km (9.3 mi) line between Nanam and Suseong (on the Cheongjin−Changpyeong line) was built, being opened on 10 December 1919; Gangdeok station, located 7.2 km (4.5 mi) from Nanam, was opened on 1 August 1922. Construction of the southern portion of the Hamgyeong Line continued at the same time, with a new 69.5 km (43.2 mi) section from Yeongheung to Hamheung being opened on 15 December 1919.
Mantetsu continued expanding the Hamgyeong Line slowly over the next few years, opening 21.0 km (13.0 mi) south from Nanam to Jueul on 11 November 1920, 18.0 km (11.2 mi) north from Hamheung to Seohojin on 1 December 1922, followed by another 18.4 km (11.4 mi) north from Seohojin to Toejo on 25 September 1923. Following that three-year period of rather sedate expansion, on 11 October 1924 Mantetsu opened three major new sections: 58.0 km (36.0 mi) north from Teojo to Yanghwa, 39.5 km (24.5 mi) south from Jueul to Ponggang, as well as a disconnected, 84.7 km (52.6 mi) central section from Dancheon to Gilju.
On 1 April 1925, management of Korea's railways was returned to the Railway Bureau, and Sentetsu became independent of Mantetsu once again. Construction of the east coast line slowed down somewhat for a time, with 1925 seeing the opening of only 14.1 km (8.8 mi) of new line (Yanghwa−Sokhu), whilst in 1926 only 26.2 km (16.3 mi) of new construction was completed - 8.9 km (5.5 mi) north from Sokhu to Sinbukcheong, and 17.3 km (10.7 mi) south from Ponggang to Geukdong. The first half of 1927 was even slower - only an 8.1 km (5.0 mi) section from Geukdong to Yongdong had been completed by 10 June; in the second half of the year, however, major progress was made, with over 85 km (53 mi) of new railway opened: 39.4 km (24.5 mi) from Gilju to Yongdong, 31.5 km (19.6 mi) from Gunseon to Dancheon, as well as a section of approximately 15 km (9.3 mi) from Sinbukcheong to Bansong (this station, located somewhere between Geosan and Geonja, was closed on 31 August 1928.
The final 26.1 km (16.2 mi) gap between Geosan and Gunseon was closed on 1 September 1928, completing the line in its entirety from Wonsan to Hoeryeong. At the same time, the line was split, with the Wonsan−Cheongjin section being named the Hamgyeong Main Line, and the Cheongjin−Hoeryeong section becoming the Cheongjin Line. These lines later played a major role in the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, and grew further in importance after the establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo.
The privately owned Domun Railway was formed in 1920, opening its first line, (40.4 km (25.1 mi)) from Hoeryeong to Sangsambong on 5 January 1920. This line was subsequently extended twice, from Sangsambong to Jongseon (9.1 km (5.7 mi)) on 1 December 1922, and from Jongseon to Donggwanjin (8.2 km (5.1 mi)) on 1 November 1924.