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Ineos 1:59 Challenge
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Ineos 1:59 Challenge
The Ineos 1:59 Challenge, held on 12 October 2019, was an attempt by Kenyan athlete Eliud Kipchoge to break the two-hour mark for running the marathon distance, which he achieved in a time of 1:59:40.2. The event was specifically created for Kipchoge and held in Vienna, Austria to help market the Nike ZoomX Vaporfly 4%. Kipchoge had previously attempted to run a two hour marathon at the Breaking2 event organised by Nike in 2017, but he fell short by 25 seconds. He then went on to run a world record marathon at the 2018 Berlin Marathon before British chemicals company Ineos announced the attempt in May 2019. 41 pacemakers, rotating in and out in groups of 7, assisted Kipchoge throughout the attempt.
Due to the presence of the pacemakers, delivery of hydration by bicycle, and the lack of open competition, the achievement was not eligible to be ratified as a marathon world record, and was not recognized as such by World Athletics. The two-hour barrier was first broken under record-eligible conditions by Sabastian Sawe in the 2026 London Marathon, with a time of 1:59:30.
The possibility of a sub-two-hour marathon had attracted increasing discussion since about 2011, at which time the world record was 2:03:59 held by Ethiopian runner Haile Gebrselassie. Gebrselassie said in 2011 that the two-hour mark could be broken in 20 to 25 years.[citation needed] Athletics manager Glenn Latimer believed that the record would plateau around the 2:02 mark, an opinion shared by Kenyan runner Samuel Wanjiru. Extrapolating the fall in marathon world record times, Francois Peronnet of the University of Montreal predicted that the two-hour mark would be broken in 2028. In 2017, The Economist reported that the average decrease in the marathon record was 8 seconds per year for the previous 50 years and 9.4 seconds per year for the previous 20 years. If the record continued to reduce at either of these rates, then the – barrier would be crossed in 2040 or 2036, respectively. It also stated that the range of peak ability was between 1:57:58 and 2:00:47. A 2019 study by Simon Angus of Monash University predicted that the barrier would be crossed in May 2032 with an odds of success level of 1 in 10 and that the peak ability is 1:58:05.
Breaking2 was a project run by sports equipment manufacturer Nike announced in December 2016 with the goal of breaking the two-hour mark over the marathon. Three runners, Zersenay Tadese, Lelisa Desisa, and Eliud Kipchoge were to attempt the feat, assisted by a team of pacemakers, scientists, engineers, physicians and trainers. The world record at the time was held by Dennis Kimeto, set at the 2014 Berlin Marathon where he ran 2:02:57, while Kipchoge, whom Ed Caesar of Wired described as "the best marathoner in the world" had a personal best of 2:03:05. Tadese and Desisa had marathon personal bests of 2:10:41 and 2:04:45, respectively, while Tadese had the fastest half-marathon best of the three at 58:23. The reason for Tadese's selection was his perceived potential based on assessments made by the support team.
Nike announced the race would take place at the Monza Circuit near Monza, Italy, where Kipchoge ran a half marathon personal best of 59:17 during a test event. The course was 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi) long which meant the run would consist of about 17.5 laps around the course.
The attempt took place on 6 May 2017 at 5:45 a.m. Central European Time (UTC+1). Groups of six pacemakers ran in a diamond formation around the three runners and aimed to go through every 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) in 14:13. For the first 5-kilometre section split, they were one second off the pace, going through in 14:14, and they later went through the 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) mark in 28:21. Around 50 minutes into the race, Desisa dropped out of the group before Tadese and Kipchoge went together through halfway in 59:57. Tadese soon dropped off the pace leaving Kipchoge alone to pass through 30 kilometres (19 mi) in 1:25:20 and 40 kilometres (25 mi) in 1:54:00. Falling behind the target pace, Kipchoge would need to increase his pace in order to run under 2 hours. However, he lost 10 seconds on the final lap, leaving him short of the goal by 25 seconds in a time of 2:00:25. Tadese finished in 2:06:51 and Desisa in 2:14:10.
Although faster than Kimetto's record of 2:02:57, Kipchoge's time could not be ratified by the IAAF (now known as World Athletics) as the attempt included the use of interchangeable pacemakers. Caesar believed that factors contributing to the failure of the attempt were the temperature and humidity on the day, which were both higher than the ideal range. A 2012 study found that the ideal temperature was 4 °C (39 °F) and that a 10 °C increase resulted in a 1.4% decrease in speed, while the temperature during the attempt was 11 °C (52 °F).
Later in 2017, Kipchoge competed in the Berlin Marathon alongside Kenenisa Bekele (the defending champion), Wilson Kipsang, Vincent Kipruto, Guye Adola, Mosinet Geremew, and Felix Kandie. Kipchoge won in a time of 2:03:32, his second fastest time after his 2:03:05 performance at the 2016 London Marathon. The victory marked his eighth win out of the previous nine marathons he had competed in, excluding Breaking2. Kipchoge followed this success with a victory in the 2018 London Marathon. Pacemakers were instructed to and passed through the halfway mark in 1:01:00, faster than the world record pace following splits of 13:48 and 28:19 through 5 kilometres and 10 kilometres, respectively. In the 24th mile, Kipchoge left Ethiopian Shura Kitata to win in a time of 2:04:17. Kipchoge next raced in the 2018 Berlin Marathon held on 16 September 2018. He stated that his preparation was "entirely concentrated" on the race and was "confident" that he could beat his personal best. Also racing were the likes of Tadese and Kipsang. Kipchoge completed the first 10 kilometres in 29:01 and the second in 28:55 before passing through the halfway mark in 61:06 before the last pacemaker soon dropped out. He then ran solo for the rest of the race, running a negative split and a 60:34 second half. He crossed the line in a world record time of 2:01:39, 78 seconds faster than Kimeto's previous world record. He next raced in the 2019 London Marathon in April 2019. A group of nine went through 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) in 29:01 and halfway in 61:37 before Kipchoge increased the pace and "one by one" his competitors dropped out of the group. Through the 24th mile, only Geremew managed to stay with him. Kipchoge ran the next two miles in 4:26 and 4:30 to win the race 2:02:37, while Geremew finished second in 2:02:55. This was Kipchoge's second fastest time behind his Berlin world record and also the second fastest marathon in history as well as his fourth London Marathon victory.
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Ineos 1:59 Challenge
The Ineos 1:59 Challenge, held on 12 October 2019, was an attempt by Kenyan athlete Eliud Kipchoge to break the two-hour mark for running the marathon distance, which he achieved in a time of 1:59:40.2. The event was specifically created for Kipchoge and held in Vienna, Austria to help market the Nike ZoomX Vaporfly 4%. Kipchoge had previously attempted to run a two hour marathon at the Breaking2 event organised by Nike in 2017, but he fell short by 25 seconds. He then went on to run a world record marathon at the 2018 Berlin Marathon before British chemicals company Ineos announced the attempt in May 2019. 41 pacemakers, rotating in and out in groups of 7, assisted Kipchoge throughout the attempt.
Due to the presence of the pacemakers, delivery of hydration by bicycle, and the lack of open competition, the achievement was not eligible to be ratified as a marathon world record, and was not recognized as such by World Athletics. The two-hour barrier was first broken under record-eligible conditions by Sabastian Sawe in the 2026 London Marathon, with a time of 1:59:30.
The possibility of a sub-two-hour marathon had attracted increasing discussion since about 2011, at which time the world record was 2:03:59 held by Ethiopian runner Haile Gebrselassie. Gebrselassie said in 2011 that the two-hour mark could be broken in 20 to 25 years.[citation needed] Athletics manager Glenn Latimer believed that the record would plateau around the 2:02 mark, an opinion shared by Kenyan runner Samuel Wanjiru. Extrapolating the fall in marathon world record times, Francois Peronnet of the University of Montreal predicted that the two-hour mark would be broken in 2028. In 2017, The Economist reported that the average decrease in the marathon record was 8 seconds per year for the previous 50 years and 9.4 seconds per year for the previous 20 years. If the record continued to reduce at either of these rates, then the – barrier would be crossed in 2040 or 2036, respectively. It also stated that the range of peak ability was between 1:57:58 and 2:00:47. A 2019 study by Simon Angus of Monash University predicted that the barrier would be crossed in May 2032 with an odds of success level of 1 in 10 and that the peak ability is 1:58:05.
Breaking2 was a project run by sports equipment manufacturer Nike announced in December 2016 with the goal of breaking the two-hour mark over the marathon. Three runners, Zersenay Tadese, Lelisa Desisa, and Eliud Kipchoge were to attempt the feat, assisted by a team of pacemakers, scientists, engineers, physicians and trainers. The world record at the time was held by Dennis Kimeto, set at the 2014 Berlin Marathon where he ran 2:02:57, while Kipchoge, whom Ed Caesar of Wired described as "the best marathoner in the world" had a personal best of 2:03:05. Tadese and Desisa had marathon personal bests of 2:10:41 and 2:04:45, respectively, while Tadese had the fastest half-marathon best of the three at 58:23. The reason for Tadese's selection was his perceived potential based on assessments made by the support team.
Nike announced the race would take place at the Monza Circuit near Monza, Italy, where Kipchoge ran a half marathon personal best of 59:17 during a test event. The course was 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi) long which meant the run would consist of about 17.5 laps around the course.
The attempt took place on 6 May 2017 at 5:45 a.m. Central European Time (UTC+1). Groups of six pacemakers ran in a diamond formation around the three runners and aimed to go through every 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) in 14:13. For the first 5-kilometre section split, they were one second off the pace, going through in 14:14, and they later went through the 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) mark in 28:21. Around 50 minutes into the race, Desisa dropped out of the group before Tadese and Kipchoge went together through halfway in 59:57. Tadese soon dropped off the pace leaving Kipchoge alone to pass through 30 kilometres (19 mi) in 1:25:20 and 40 kilometres (25 mi) in 1:54:00. Falling behind the target pace, Kipchoge would need to increase his pace in order to run under 2 hours. However, he lost 10 seconds on the final lap, leaving him short of the goal by 25 seconds in a time of 2:00:25. Tadese finished in 2:06:51 and Desisa in 2:14:10.
Although faster than Kimetto's record of 2:02:57, Kipchoge's time could not be ratified by the IAAF (now known as World Athletics) as the attempt included the use of interchangeable pacemakers. Caesar believed that factors contributing to the failure of the attempt were the temperature and humidity on the day, which were both higher than the ideal range. A 2012 study found that the ideal temperature was 4 °C (39 °F) and that a 10 °C increase resulted in a 1.4% decrease in speed, while the temperature during the attempt was 11 °C (52 °F).
Later in 2017, Kipchoge competed in the Berlin Marathon alongside Kenenisa Bekele (the defending champion), Wilson Kipsang, Vincent Kipruto, Guye Adola, Mosinet Geremew, and Felix Kandie. Kipchoge won in a time of 2:03:32, his second fastest time after his 2:03:05 performance at the 2016 London Marathon. The victory marked his eighth win out of the previous nine marathons he had competed in, excluding Breaking2. Kipchoge followed this success with a victory in the 2018 London Marathon. Pacemakers were instructed to and passed through the halfway mark in 1:01:00, faster than the world record pace following splits of 13:48 and 28:19 through 5 kilometres and 10 kilometres, respectively. In the 24th mile, Kipchoge left Ethiopian Shura Kitata to win in a time of 2:04:17. Kipchoge next raced in the 2018 Berlin Marathon held on 16 September 2018. He stated that his preparation was "entirely concentrated" on the race and was "confident" that he could beat his personal best. Also racing were the likes of Tadese and Kipsang. Kipchoge completed the first 10 kilometres in 29:01 and the second in 28:55 before passing through the halfway mark in 61:06 before the last pacemaker soon dropped out. He then ran solo for the rest of the race, running a negative split and a 60:34 second half. He crossed the line in a world record time of 2:01:39, 78 seconds faster than Kimeto's previous world record. He next raced in the 2019 London Marathon in April 2019. A group of nine went through 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) in 29:01 and halfway in 61:37 before Kipchoge increased the pace and "one by one" his competitors dropped out of the group. Through the 24th mile, only Geremew managed to stay with him. Kipchoge ran the next two miles in 4:26 and 4:30 to win the race 2:02:37, while Geremew finished second in 2:02:55. This was Kipchoge's second fastest time behind his Berlin world record and also the second fastest marathon in history as well as his fourth London Marathon victory.