The Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) was a holding company of manufacturers of record-keeping and measuring systems. The company would ultimately become known as IBM.

In 1911, the financier and noted trust organizer Charles R. Flint, called the "Father of Trusts", amalgamated (via stock acquisition) four companies: Bundy Manufacturing Company, International Time Recording Company, the Tabulating Machine Company, and the Computing Scale Company of America; creating a fifth company – the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company.

CTR was initially located in Endicott, New York. The amalgamated companies had 1,300 employees and manufactured a wide range of products, including employee time-keeping systems, weighing scales, automatic meat slicers, and punched card equipment.

CTR was renamed the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) in 1924.

The individual companies continued to operate using their established names until the businesses were integrated in 1933, and the holding company was eliminated.

The first time clock was invented on November 20, 1888, by Willard Bundy, a jeweler in Auburn, New York. A year later, his brother, Harlow Bundy, organized the Bundy Manufacturing Company, and began mass-producing time clocks.

In 1900, Bundy Manufacturing sold its time recording business to a new company, the International Time Recording Company. Bundy Manufacturing went on to produce adding machines.^{[citation needed]}

In 1906 Harlow Bundy moved his business into a new three-story brick building in Endicott, New York.