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Carter was born in England to an African American father and British mother, and holds both British and American citizenship.[4][5]
As a youth, Carter captained the Warwick Juniors to the County Cup championship;[6] a plaque honouring Carter was installed at the club in 2022 as part of the "Where Greatness Is Made" campaign.[7]
Carter playing for Chelsea against Lewes, November 2019.
In June 2018, Carter joined Chelsea on a three-year contract from Birmingham City.[11] In the 2018–19 season she made only 16 starts in games, six of which came from the League Cup.[2]
Sports writer Jonathan Liew described it as a difficult patch in her early career, where she would be frequently late for training and miss fitness targets. According to Liew, she was put on a personalised diet and received "a certain micromanagement" by Chelsea staff, in order to get back her career on track.[9] Carter has credited manager Emma Hayes with her development both on and off the pitch.[12]
In October 2022, Carter extended her Chelsea contract to remain at the club as a defender until 2025.[18] On 23 November 2022,[19] Carter made her 100th appearance for the club against Real Madrid.[2]
After her senior international debut in 2017,[31] Carter was named in the under-21 squad as a defender for La Manga Tournament.[32] In April 2019, she featured as part of the starting eleven in England's 2–1 victory over France, followed by being sent off for a second bookable offence in a loss to Norway.[33]
In April 2017, after her earlier role as striker in England's youth teams, Carter received her first call up to the senior team, as a defender, for fixtures against Italy and Austria.[34] On 28 November 2017, she made her senior international debut in 2019 World Cup qualification against Kazakhstan, replacing Lucy Bronze in the 77th minute as England won 5–0.[31]
In June 2022, after not playing for the senior team from 2017 to 2021,[16] Carter was part the England squad which won the UEFA Women's Euro 2022,[35][36] playing a total of 16 minutes in the tournament.[37] In November 2022, Carter was allotted 201 in the FA legacy numbers scheme.[38]
In May 2023, Carter was named to the squad for the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup.[39] She started in five of six matches in the tournament, as an integral part of England's back three,[16] credited with ensuring the team only conceded three goals up until the final.[40] In the final and playing as a right-back, where England lost 1–0 to Spain, Carter was ranked second best player for England by BBC Sport, after goalkeeper Mary Earps.[41]
In June 2025, Carter was named to the England squad for the UEFA Women's Euro 2025.[42] During the tournament, she was subjected to racist abuse on social media, prompting police involvement.[43] Carter subsequently announced that she would step back from managing her social media accounts to safeguard her mental health and concentrate on supporting the team.[43][44][45] She returned to the starting eleven for the final, helping England secure a victory over Spain on penalties to claim their second European title.[46] A 59-year-old man was later arrested on suspicion of malicious communications in connection with the abuse and released under investigation.[47]
Carter has been described by Jonathan Liew as calm in possession, relatively error-free, and with "exceptional read of the game".[9] According to The Independent, she is "one of the best one-on-one defenders in the Women's Super League".[4]
Early in her career from 2013 to 2018, Carter begun as a defender and midfielder for Birmingham City,[2] and in 2014, she played as a forward with England under-19s and under-20s.[27][30] With Chelsea, she started as a full-back in 2018 before becoming a centre-back. A right footed and versatile defender,[2][4] Carter has played both left-back and right-back for England and Chelsea,[16] but prefers not to play on the left. She believes her skills are best used as part of a back-three formation.[12]
Carter has identified her pace and ability to read the game as key strengths in her defensive play, stating in February 2024 that these attributes are her "super strength."[48]
Since 2017, Carter has been in a relationship with fellow professional footballer Ann-Katrin Berger.[49][50] In May 2024, they announced their engagement.[51]
Carter is the Co-Founder and an ambassador for an all-female football academy run by former Barcelona & Arsenal youth player, Judan Ali.[52][53]