- Wikipedia

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Kamala Harris
$\"Harris,$ Official portrait, 2021

49th Vice President of the United States
In office January 20, 2021 \u2013 January 20, 2025
President	Joe Biden
Preceded by	Mike Pence
Succeeded by	JD Vance
United States Senator from California
In office January 3, 2017 \u2013 January 18, 2021
Preceded by	Barbara Boxer
Succeeded by	Alex Padilla
32nd Attorney General of California
In office January 3, 2011 \u2013 January 3, 2017
Governor	Jerry Brown
Preceded by	Jerry Brown
Succeeded by	Xavier Becerra
27th District Attorney of San Francisco
In office January 8, 2004 \u2013 January 3, 2011
Preceded by	Terence Hallinan
Succeeded by	George Gasc\u00f3n
\n
Personal details
Born	Kamala Devi Harris^[a] (1964-10-20) October 20, 1964 (age 60) Oakland, California, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	\n Doug Emhoff (m. 2014)
Parents	Donald J. Harris Shyamala Gopalan
Relatives	Harris family
Education	\n Howard University (BA) \n University of California, Hastings College of the Law (JD) \n
Signature	$\"Cursive$
Website	Official website
\n \n \n Harris' voice \n \n Harris speaks on the Americans with Disabilities Act. Recorded July 26, 2021 \n

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Personal

Early life
Bibliography\n
- Smart on Crime
- Superheroes Are Everywhere
- The Truths We Hold
Family
Political positions
Public image\n
- #KHive

27th District Attorney of San Francisco

Elections\n
- 2003
- 2007

32nd Attorney General of California

Tenure
Elections\n
- 2010
- 2014

U.S. Senator from California

2016 election
Legislation\n

49th Vice President of the United States

Vice presidential campaigns

2020\n
- election
- selection
- convention
- debate
- \"We did it, Joe!\"
2024

Presidential campaigns

2020\n
- primaries
- endorsements
2024\n
- election
- endorsements
- VP selection
- convention
- debates

Kamala Devi Harris (/\u02c8k\u0251\u02d0m\u0259l\u0259 \u02c8de\u026avi/ ^\u24d8 KAH-m\u0259-l\u0259 DAY-vee,^[1] born October 20, 1964) is an American politician and attorney who served from 2021 to 2025 as the 49th vice president of the United States under President Joe Biden. She was the first female U.S. vice president, making her the highest-ranking female official in U.S. history. She was also the first African-American and the first Asian-American vice president. She served from 2017 to 2021 as a United States senator representing California and from 2011 to 2017 as attorney general of California. A member of the Democratic Party, she was the party's nominee in the 2024 presidential election.\n

Born in Oakland, California, Harris graduated from Howard University and the University of California, Hastings College of the Law. She began her law career in the office of the district attorney of Alameda County. Harris was recruited to the San Francisco District Attorney's Office and later to the office of the city attorney of San Francisco. She was elected district attorney of San Francisco in 2003 and attorney general of California in 2010, and reelected as attorney general in 2014. Harris was the junior U.S. senator from California from 2017 to 2021. She won the 2016 Senate election, becoming the second Black woman and first South Asian American U.S. senator. As a senator, Harris advocated for stricter gun control laws, the DREAM Act, federal legalization of cannabis, and reforms to healthcare and taxation. She gained a national profile while asking pointed questions of officials in the first administration of President Donald Trump during Senate hearings, including Trump's second U.S. Supreme Court nominee, Brett Kavanaugh.\n

Harris sought the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination in 2019, but withdrew from the race before the primaries. Biden selected her as his running mate; their ticket defeated the incumbent Republican president and vice president, Trump and Mike Pence, in the 2020 presidential election. Presiding over an evenly split U.S. Senate upon entering office, she cast more tie-breaking votes than any other vice president, which helped pass bills such as the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 stimulus package and the Inflation Reduction Act.\n

In July 2024, after Biden withdrew from the 2024 presidential election, Harris launched her presidential campaign with Biden's endorsement. She later became the nominee and selected Minnesota governor Tim Walz as her running mate, but lost the election to Trump.\n

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Early life and career

[edit]

Main article: Early life and career of Kamala Harris

Early life and education

[edit]

Kamala Devi Harris^[a] was born in Oakland, California,^[3] on October 20, 1964.^[4] Her mother, Shyamala Gopalan (1938\u20132009), was a biologist who arrived in the United States from India in 1958 to enroll in graduate school in endocrinology at the University of California, Berkeley. A research career of over 40 years followed, during which her work on the progesterone receptor gene led to advances in breast cancer research.^[5] Kamala's father, Donald J. Harris (1938\u2013),^[6] is an Afro-Jamaican who immigrated to the United States in 1961 and also enrolled in UC Berkeley, specializing in development economics. The first Black scholar to be granted tenure at Stanford University's economics department, he has emeritus status there.^[7] Kamala's parents met in 1962 and married in 1963.^[8]\n

The Harris family lived in Berkeley until they moved in 1966, around Kamala's second birthday. The Harrises lived for a few years in college towns in the Midwest where her parents held teaching or research positions:^[9] Urbana, Illinois (where her sister Maya was born in 1966); Evanston, Illinois; and Madison, Wisconsin.^[b]^[10]^[9]^[11] By 1970, the marriage had faltered, and Shyamala moved back to Berkeley with her two daughters;^[12]^[13]^[9] the couple divorced when Kamala was seven.^[8] In 1972, Donald Harris accepted a position at Stanford University; Kamala and Maya spent weekends at their father's house in Palo Alto and lived at their mother's house in Berkeley during the week.^[14] Shyamala was friends with African-American intellectuals and activists in Oakland and Berkeley.^[11] In 1976, she accepted a research position at the McGill University School of Medicine, and moved with her daughters to Montreal, Quebec.^[15]^[16] Kamala graduated from Westmount High School on Montreal Island in 1981.^[17]\n

Kamala Harris attended Vanier College in Montreal in 1981\u20131982;^[18] she then attended Howard University, a historically black university in Washington, D.C.^[19]^[20] At Howard, she became a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha, one of the \"Divine Nine\" historically black sororities.^[21] She graduated in 1986 with a degree in political science and economics.^[22]^[23] Harris then attended the University of California, Hastings College of the Law in San Francisco,^[24] where she served as president of its chapter of the Black Law Students Association.^[25] She graduated with a Juris Doctor in 1989.^[26]\n

Early career

[edit]

In 1990, Harris was hired as a deputy district attorney in Alameda County, California, where she was described as \"an able prosecutor on the way up\".^[27] In 1994, Speaker of the California Assembly Willie Brown, who was then dating Harris, appointed her to the state Unemployment Insurance Appeals Board and later to the California Medical Assistance Commission.^[27] In February 1998, San Francisco district attorney Terence Hallinan recruited Harris as an assistant district attorney.^[28] There, she became the chief of the Career Criminal Division, supervising five other attorneys, where she prosecuted homicide, burglary, robbery, and sexual assault cases\u2014particularly three-strikes cases. In August 2000, Harris took a job at San Francisco City Hall, working for city attorney Louise Renne.^[29] Harris ran the Family and Children's Services Division, representing child abuse and neglect cases. Renne endorsed Harris during her D.A. campaign.^[30]\n

San Francisco district attorney (2002\u20132011)

[edit]

In 2002, Harris ran for district attorney of San Francisco,^[31] running a \"forceful\" campaign^[32]^[33] and differentiating herself from Hallinan by attacking his performance.^[34] Harris won the election with 56% of the vote, becoming the first person of color elected district attorney of San Francisco.^[35] She ran unopposed for a second term in 2007.^[36]\n

Within the first six months of taking office, Harris cleared 27 of 74 backlogged homicide cases.^[37] She also pushed for higher bail for criminal defendants involved in gun-related crimes, arguing that historically low bail encouraged outsiders to commit crimes in San Francisco. SFPD officers credited Harris with tightening the loopholes defendants had used in the past.^[38] During her campaign, Harris pledged never to seek the death penalty,^[39] and kept to this in the cases of a San Francisco Police Department officer, Isaac Espinoza, who was shot and killed in 2004,^[40]^[41] and of Edwin Ramos, an illegal immigrant and alleged MS-13 gang member who was accused of murdering a man and his two sons in 2009.^[42]^[43]\n

Harris created a Hate Crimes Unit, focusing on hate crimes against LGBT children and teens in schools,^[44] and supported A.B. 1160, the Gwen Araujo Justice for Victims Act.^[45] As district attorney, she created an environmental crimes unit in 2005.^[46] Harris expressed support for San Francisco's sanctuary city policy of not inquiring about immigration status in the process of a criminal investigation.^[47] In 2004, she created the San Francisco Reentry Division.^[48] Over six years, the 200 people graduated from the program had a recidivism rate of less than 10%, compared to the 53% of California's drug offenders who returned to prison within two years of release.^[49]^[50]^[51]\n

In 2006, as part of an initiative to reduce the city's homicide rate, Harris led a citywide effort to combat truancy for at-risk elementary school youth in San Francisco.^[52] In 2008, declaring chronic truancy a matter of public safety and pointing out that the majority of prison inmates and homicide victims are dropouts or habitual truants,^[53] she issued citations against six parents whose children missed at least 50 days of school, the first time San Francisco prosecuted adults for student truancy.^[54] Harris's office ultimately prosecuted seven parents in three years, with none jailed.^[55] By April 2009, 1,330 elementary school students were habitual or chronic truants, down 23% from 1,730 in 2008, and from 2,517 in 2007 and 2,856 in 2006.^[55]\n

Attorney general of California (2011\u20132017)

[edit]

Main article: Kamala Harris as Attorney General of California

Harris was elected attorney general of California in 2010, becoming the first woman, African American, and South Asian American to hold the office in the state's history.^[56] She took office on January 3, 2011, and was reelected in 2014.^[57] She served until resigning on January 3, 2017, to take her seat in the United States Senate.\n

In 2010, Harris announced her candidacy for attorney general and was endorsed by prominent California Democrats, including U.S. Senators Dianne Feinstein and Barbara Boxer and House Speaker Nancy Pelosi.^[58] She won the Democratic primary and narrowly defeated Republican nominee Steve Cooley in the general election.^[59] Her tenure was marked by significant efforts in consumer protection, criminal justice reform, and privacy rights.\n

In 2014, Harris was reelected, defeating Republican nominee Ronald Gold with 58% of the vote.^[57] During her second term, she expanded her focus on consumer protection, securing major settlements against corporations like Quest Diagnostics,^[60] JPMorgan Chase,^[61] and Corinthian Colleges,^[62]^[63] recovering billions for California consumers. She spearheaded the creation of the Homeowner Bill of Rights to combat aggressive foreclosure practices during the housing crisis, recording multiple nine-figure settlements against mortgage servicers.^[64]^[65] Harris also worked on privacy rights. She collaborated with major tech companies like Apple, Google, and Facebook to ensure that mobile apps disclosed their data-sharing practices.^[66]^[67] She created the Privacy Enforcement and Protection Unit, focusing on cyber privacy and data breaches.^[67] California secured settlements with companies like Comcast and Houzz for privacy violations.^[68]^[69]\n

Harris was instrumental in advancing criminal justice reform. She launched the Division of Recidivism Reduction and Re-Entry and implemented the Back on Track LA program, which provided educational and job training opportunities for nonviolent offenders.^[70]^[71] Despite her focus on reform, Harris faced criticism for defending the state's position in cases involving wrongful convictions^[72] and for her office's stance on prison labor.^[73]^[74] She continued to advocate for progressive reforms, including banning the gay panic defense in California courts^[75]^[76] and opposing Proposition 8, the state's same-sex marriage ban.^[77]^[78]^[79]\n

U.S. senator (2017\u20132021)

[edit]

Election

[edit]

Main article: 2016 United States Senate election in California

After more than 20 years as a U.S. senator from California, Senator Barbara Boxer announced on January 13, 2015, that she would not run for reelection in 2016.^[80] Harris announced her candidacy for the Senate seat the next week.^[80] She was a top contender from the beginning of her campaign.^[81]\n

The 2016 California Senate election used California's new top-two primary format, where the top two candidates in the primary advance to the general election regardless of party.^[81] On February 27, 2016, Harris won 78% of the California Democratic Party vote at the party convention, allowing her campaign to receive financial support from the party.^[82] Three months later, Governor Jerry Brown endorsed her.^[83] In the June 7 primary, Harris came in first with 40% of the vote and won with pluralities in most counties.^[84] Harris faced representative and fellow Democrat Loretta Sanchez in the general election.^[85]\n

On July 19, President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden endorsed Harris.^[86] In the November 2016 election, Harris defeated Sanchez with over 60% of the vote, carrying all but four counties.^[87] After her victory, she promised to protect immigrants from the policies of president-elect Donald Trump and announced her intention to remain attorney general through the end of 2016.^[88]^[89] Harris became the second Black woman and first South Asian American senator in history.^[90]^[91]^[92]\n

Tenure and political positions

[edit]

As a senator, Harris advocated stricter gun control laws,^[93]^[94] the DREAM Act, federal legalization of cannabis, and healthcare and taxation reforms.^{[citation needed]} She became well known nationally after questioning several Trump appointees such as Jeff Sessions and Brett Kavanaugh.^[95]\n

2017

[edit]

On January 28, after Trump signed Executive Order 13769, barring citizens from several Muslim-majority countries from entering the U.S. for 90 days, she condemned the order and was one of many to call it a \"Muslim ban\".^[96] She called White House Chief of Staff John F. Kelly at home to gather information and push back against the executive order.^[97]\n

In February, Harris spoke in opposition to Trump's cabinet picks Betsy DeVos for secretary of education^[98] and Jeff Sessions for United States attorney general.^[99] In early March, she called on Sessions to resign, after it was reported that Sessions, who had previously said he \"did not have communications with the Russians\", spoke twice with Russian ambassador to the United States Sergey Kislyak.^[100]\n

In April, Harris voted against the confirmation of Neil Gorsuch to the U.S. Supreme Court.^[101] Later that month, she took her first foreign trip to the Middle East, visiting California troops stationed in Iraq and the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan, the largest camp for Syrian refugees.^[102]\n

In June, Harris garnered media attention for her questioning of Rod Rosenstein, the deputy attorney general, over the role he played in the May 2017 firing of James Comey, the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.^[103] The prosecutorial nature of her questioning caused Senator John McCain, an ex officio member of the Intelligence Committee, and Senator Richard Burr, the committee chairman, to interrupt her and request that she be more respectful of the witness. A week later, she questioned Jeff Sessions, the attorney general, on the same topic.^[104] Sessions said her questioning \"makes me nervous\".^[105] Burr's singling out of Harris sparked suggestions in the news media that his behavior was sexist, with commentators arguing that Burr would not treat a male Senate colleague in a similar manner.^[106]\n

In December, Harris called for the resignation of Senator Al Franken, writing on Twitter, \"Sexual harassment and misconduct should not be allowed by anyone and should not occur anywhere.\"^[107]\n

2018

[edit]

In January, Harris was appointed to the Senate Judiciary Committee after Franken resigned.^[109] Later that month, she questioned Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen for favoring Norwegian immigrants over others and for claiming to be unaware that Norway is a predominantly white country.^[110]^[111]\n

Also in January, Harris and senators Heidi Heitkamp, Jon Tester, and Claire McCaskill co-sponsored the Border and Port Security Act,^[112] legislation to mandate that U.S. Customs and Border Protection \"hire, train and assign at least 500 officers per year until the number of needed positions the model identifies is filled\" and require the commissioner of Customs and Border Protection to determine potential equipment and infrastructure improvements for ports of entry.^[113]\n

In May, Harris heatedly questioned Nielsen about the Trump administration family separation policy, under which children were separated from their families when their parents were taken into custody for illegally entering the U.S.^[114] In June, after visiting one of the detention facilities near the border in San Diego,^[115] Harris became the first senator to demand Nielsen's resignation.^[116]\n

In the September and October Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court confirmation hearings, Harris questioned Brett Kavanaugh about a meeting he may have had regarding the Mueller Investigation with a member of Kasowitz Benson Torres, the law firm founded by Donald Trump's personal attorney, Marc Kasowitz. Kavanaugh was unable to answer and repeatedly deflected.^[117] Harris also participated in questioning the FBI director's limited scope of the investigation of Kavanaugh regarding allegations of sexual assault.^[118] She voted against his confirmation.\n

Harris was a target of the October 2018 United States mail bombing attempts.^[119]\n

In December, the Senate passed the Justice for Victims of Lynching Act (S. 3178), sponsored by Harris.^[120] The bill, which died in the House, would have made lynching a federal hate crime.^[121]\n

2019

[edit]

Harris supported busing for desegregation of public schools, saying, \"the schools of America are as segregated, if not more segregated, today than when I was in elementary school.\"^[122] She viewed busing as an option to be considered by school districts, rather than the responsibility of the federal government.^[123]\n

Harris was an early co-sponsor of the Green New Deal, a plan to transition the country towards generating 100 percent renewable electricity by 2030.^[124]\n

In March 2019, after special counsel Robert Mueller submitted his report on Russian interference in the 2016 election, Harris called for U.S. attorney general William Barr to testify before Congress in the interests of transparency.^[125] Two days later, Barr released a four-page \"summary\" of the redacted Mueller Report, which was criticized as a deliberate mischaracterization of its conclusions.^[126] Later that month, Harris was one of 12 Democratic senators led by Mazie Hirono to sign a letter questioning Barr's decision to offer \"his own conclusion that the President's conduct did not amount to obstruction of justice\", and called for an investigation into whether Barr's summary of the Mueller report and his statements at a news conference were misleading.^[127]\n

In April 2019, Harris was one of 34 Senate Democrats and independents to write a letter urging President Trump not to cut aid to El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. The group wrote:^[128]\n

We encourage you to listen to members of your own Administration and reverse a decision that will damage our national security and aggravate conditions inside Central America....Since taking office, you have consistently expressed a flawed understanding of U.S. foreign assistance. It is neither charity, nor is it a gift to foreign governments. Our national security funding is specifically designed to promote American interests, enhance our collective security, and protect the safety of our citizens... By obstructing the use of [Fiscal Year 2018] national security funding and seeking to terminate similar funding from [Fiscal Year 2017], you are personally undermining efforts to promote U.S. national security and economic prosperity.

On May 1, 2019, Barr testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee.^[129] During the hearing, he remained defiant about the misrepresentations in the four-page summary he had released ahead of the full report.^[130] When asked by Harris whether he had reviewed the underlying evidence before deciding not to charge Trump with obstruction of justice, Barr admitted that neither he, Rod Rosenstein, nor anyone in his office had reviewed the evidence supporting the report before making the charging decision.^[131] Harris later called for Barr to resign, accusing him of refusing to answer her questions because he could open himself up to perjury, and saying his responses disqualified him from serving as U.S. attorney general.^[132]^[133] Two days later, Harris demanded again that Department of Justice inspector general Michael E. Horowitz investigate whether Barr acceded to pressure from the White House to investigate Trump's political enemies.^[134]\n

On May 5, 2019, Harris said \"voter suppression\" prevented Democrats Stacey Abrams and Andrew Gillum from winning the 2018 gubernatorial elections in Georgia and Florida; Abrams lost by 55,000 votes and Gillum by 32,000. According to election law expert Richard L. Hasen, \"I have seen no good evidence that the suppressive effects of strict voting and registration laws affected the outcome of the governor's races in Georgia and Florida.\"^[135]\n

In July, Harris teamed with Kirsten Gillibrand to urge the Trump administration to investigate the persecution of Uyghurs in China by the Chinese Communist Party; in this question she was joined by Senator Marco Rubio.^[136]\n

In November, Harris called for an investigation into the death of Roxsana Hern\u00e1ndez, a transgender woman and immigrant who died in ICE custody.^[137]^[138]\n

In December, Harris led a group of Democratic senators and civil rights organizations in demanding the removal of White House senior adviser Stephen Miller after emails published by the Southern Poverty Law Center revealed frequent promotion of white nationalist literature to Breitbart website editors.^[139]\n

2020

[edit]

Harris speaks at Donald Trump's first impeachment trial in January 2020

Before the opening of the impeachment trial of Donald Trump on January 16, 2020, Harris delivered remarks on the floor of the Senate, stating her views on the integrity of the American justice system and the principle that nobody, including an incumbent president, is above the law. She later asked Senate Judiciary chairman Lindsey Graham to halt all judicial nominations during the impeachment trial, to which Graham acquiesced.^[140]^[141] Harris voted to convict Trump on charges of abuse of power and obstruction of Congress.^[142]\n

Harris worked on bipartisan bills with Republican co-sponsors, including a bail reform bill with Rand Paul,^[143] an election security bill with James Lankford,^[144] and a workplace harassment bill with Lisa Murkowski.^[145]\n

2021

[edit]

Following her election as Vice President of the United States, Harris resigned from her seat on January 18, 2021,^[146] before taking office on January 20; she was replaced by California secretary of state Alex Padilla.^[147]\n

Committee assignments

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While in the Senate, Harris was a member of the following committees:^[148]\n

Caucus memberships

[edit]

2020 presidential election

[edit]

Presidential campaign

[edit]

Main article: Kamala Harris 2020 presidential campaign

Harris had been considered a top contender and potential front-runner for the 2020 Democratic nomination for president.^[152] In June 2018, she said she was \"not ruling it out\".^[153] In July 2018, it was announced that she would publish a memoir, a sign of a possible run.^[154] On January 21, 2019, Harris officially announced her candidacy for president of the United States in the 2020 presidential election.^[155] In the first 24 hours after her announcement, she tied a record set by Bernie Sanders in 2016 for the most donations raised in the day after an announcement.^[156]^[157] More than 20,000 people attended her campaign launch event in her hometown of Oakland, California, on January 27, according to a police estimate.^[158]\n

During the first Democratic presidential debate in June 2019, Harris scolded former vice president Joe Biden for \"hurtful\" remarks he made, speaking fondly of senators who opposed integration efforts in the 1970s and working with them to oppose mandatory school bussing.^[159] Harris's support rose by between six and nine points in polls after that debate.^[160] In the second debate in August, Biden and Representative Tulsi Gabbard confronted Harris over her record as attorney general.^[161] The San Jose Mercury News assessed that some of Gabbard's and Biden's accusations were on point, such as blocking the DNA testing of a death row inmate, while others did not withstand scrutiny. In the immediate aftermath of the debate, Harris fell in the polls.^[162]^[163] Over the next few months her poll numbers fell to the low single digits.^[164]^[165] Harris faced criticism from reformers for tough-on-crime policies she pursued while she was California's attorney general.^[166] In 2014, she defended California's death penalty in court.^[167]\n

Before and during her presidential campaign, an online informal organization using the hashtag #KHive formed to support Harris's candidacy and defend her from racist and sexist attacks.^[168]^[169]^[170] According to the Daily Dot, Joy Reid first used the term in an August 2017 tweet saying \"@DrJasonJohnson @ZerlinaMaxwell and I had a meeting and decided it's called the K-Hive.\"^[171]\n

On December 3, 2019, Harris withdrew from the 2020 presidential election, citing a shortage of funds.^[172] In March 2020, she endorsed Joe Biden for president.^[173]\n

Vice presidential campaign

[edit]

Main articles: Joe Biden 2020 presidential campaign and 2020 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection

In May 2019, senior members of the Congressional Black Caucus endorsed the idea of a Biden\u2013Harris ticket.^[174] In late February 2020, Biden won a landslide victory in the 2020 South Carolina Democratic primary with the endorsement of House whip Jim Clyburn, with more victories on Super Tuesday. In early March, Clyburn suggested Biden choose a black woman as a running mate, saying, \"African American women needed to be rewarded for their loyalty\".^[175] In March, Biden committed to choosing a woman for his running mate.^[176]\n

On April 17, 2020, Harris responded to media speculation and said she \"would be honored\" to be Biden's running mate.^[177] In late May, in relation to the murder of George Floyd and ensuing protests and demonstrations, Biden faced renewed calls to select a black woman as his running mate, highlighting the law enforcement credentials of Harris and Val Demings.^[178]\n

On June 12, The New York Times reported that Harris was emerging as the front-runner to be Biden's running mate, as she was the only African American woman with the political experience typical of vice presidents.^[179] On June 26, CNN reported that more than a dozen people close to the Biden search process considered Harris one of Biden's top four contenders, along with Elizabeth Warren, Val Demings, and Keisha Lance Bottoms.^[180]\n

On August 11, 2020, Biden announced he had chosen Harris.^[181] She was the first African American, the first Indian American, and the third woman after Geraldine Ferraro and Sarah Palin to be the vice-presidential nominee on a major-party ticket.^[182] Harris is also the first resident of the Western United States to appear on the Democratic Party's national ticket.^[183]\n

Harris became the vice president\u2013elect after Biden won the 2020 presidential election.^[184]\n

Vice presidency (2021\u20132025)

[edit]

Harris was sworn in as vice president on 11:40 a.m. on January 20, 2021, by Justice Sonia Sotomayor.^[185] She is the United States' first woman vice president, first African-American vice president, and first Asian-American vice president.^[186]^[187]^[188]^[189] Harris is the third person with acknowledged non-European ancestry to become president or vice president.^[c]\n

Her first act as vice president was to swear in three new senators: Alex Padilla (her successor in the Senate) and Georgia senators Raphael Warnock and Jon Ossoff.^[191] \n

Senate presidency

[edit]

When Harris took office the 117th Congress's Senate was divided 50\u201350 between Republicans and Democrats;^[192] this meant that she was often called upon to exercise her power to cast tie-breaking votes as president of the Senate. Harris cast her first two tie-breaking votes on February 5. In February and March, Harris's tie-breaking votes were required to pass the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 stimulus package Biden proposed, since no Senate Republicans voted for it.^[193]^[194] On July 20, Harris broke Mike Pence's record for tie-breaking votes in the first year of a vice presidency^[195] when she cast the seventh tie-breaking vote in her first six months.^[196] She cast 13 tie-breaking votes during her first year in office, the most tie-breaking votes in a single year in U.S. history, surpassing John Adams, who cast 12 in 1790.^[196]^[197] On December 5, 2023, Harris broke the record for the most tie-breaking votes cast by a vice president, casting her 32nd vote, exceeding John C. Calhoun, who cast 31 votes during his nearly eight years in office.^[196]^[198] On November 19, 2021, Harris served as acting president from 10:10 to 11:35 am EST while Biden underwent a colonoscopy.^[199] She was the first woman, and the third person overall, to assume the powers and duties of the presidency as acting president of the United States.^[200]^[201]^[202]\n

As early as December 2021, Harris was identified as playing a pivotal role in the Biden administration owing to her tie-breaking vote in the evenly divided Senate as well as her being the presumed front-runner in 2024 if Biden did not seek reelection.^[203]\n

Immigration

[edit]

\nOn March 24, 2021, Biden assigned Harris to work with Mexico and Northern Triangle nations (El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras) to stem irregular migration to the Mexico\u2013United States border and address the root causes of migration.^[204]^[205] The Root Causes Strategy (RCS) was the product of this effort.^[206] Multiple news organizations at the time described Harris as a \"border czar\",^[207]^[208]^[209] though Harris rejected the title and never actually held it.^[210]^[211]^[212]^[213]^[214]^{[excessive citations]} Republicans and other critics began using the term \"border czar\" to tie Harris to the Mexico\u2013United States border crisis, including in a July 2024 House resolution, despite her having no authority over the border itself.^[215]^[216]^[217]^[218]^[219]^{[excessive citations]}

Harris conducted her first international trip as vice president in June 2021, visiting Guatemala and Mexico in an attempt to address the root causes of an increase in migration from Central America to the United States.^[220] During her visit, in a joint press conference with Guatemalan president Alejandro Giammattei, Harris issued an appeal to potential migrants: \"I want to be clear to folks in the region who are thinking about making that dangerous trek to the United States-Mexico border: Do not come. Do not come.\"^[221] Her work in Central America led to creation of:\n

Task forces on corruption and human trafficking
The Partnership for Central America^[222]
The women's empowerment program in Her Hands, part of the Partnership for Central America^[223]
Investment funds for housing and businesses^[224]

Foreign policy

[edit]

Harris met with French president Emmanuel Macron in November 2021 to strengthen ties after the contentious cancellation of a submarine program.^[225] Another meeting was held in November 2022 during Macron's visit to the U.S., resulting in an agreement to strengthen U.S.\u2013France space cooperation across civil, commercial, and national security sectors.^[226]\n

In April 2021, Harris said she was the last person in the room before Biden decided to remove all U.S. troops from Afghanistan, adding that Biden had \"an extraordinary amount of courage\" and \"make[s] decisions based on what he truly believes ... is the right thing to do\".^[227] National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan said that Biden \"insists she be in every core decision-making meeting. She weighs in during those meetings, often providing unique perspectives.\"^[224] Harris assumed a \"key diplomatic role\" in the Biden administration, particularly after the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, after which she was dispatched to Germany and Poland to rally support for arming Ukraine and imposing sanctions on Russia.^[228]\n

In April 2023, Harris visited Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland with South Korean president Yoon Suk Yeol and agreed to work to strengthen the space alliance between the U.S. and South Korea. \"We renew our commitment to strengthen our cooperation in the next frontier of our expanding alliance, and of course that is space,\" Harris said at a joint news conference with Yoon.^[229]\n

In November 2023, Harris pledged that the Biden administration would place no conditions on U.S. aid to Israel in its war with Hamas in Gaza.^[230] In March 2024, she criticized Israel's actions during the Israel\u2013Hamas war, saying, \"Given the immense scale of suffering in Gaza, there must be an immediate ceasefire for at least the next six weeks...This will get the hostages out and get a significant amount of aid in.\"^[231]\n

2024 presidential election

[edit]

In April 2023, incumbent president Joe Biden announced his reelection campaign, with Harris as his running mate. After the Democratic primaries, the pair became the party's presumptive nominees in the 2024 presidential election. Concerns about Biden's age and health persisted throughout Biden's first term, with renewed scrutiny after his performance in the first presidential debate, on June 27.\n

Presidential campaign

[edit]

Main article: Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign

The 2024 election with electoral votes by state.

On July 21, 2024, Biden suspended his reelection campaign and endorsed Harris for president.^[232] She was also endorsed by Jimmy Carter, Bill and Hillary Clinton, Barack and Michelle Obama, the Congressional Black Caucus, and many others.^[233]^[234]^[235]^[236] In the first 24 hours of her candidacy, her campaign raised $81 million in small-dollar donations, the highest single-day total of any presidential candidate in history.^[237] Had she won, Harris would have been the first female and first Asian-American president of the United States, and the second African-American president after Obama.^[238] Harris is the first nominee who did not participate in the primaries since Vice President Hubert Humphrey in 1968. She also had the shortest general election presidential campaign in history, at 107 days.\n

By August 5, Harris had officially secured the nomination via a virtual roll call of delegates.^[239]^[240]^[241] The next day, she announced Minnesota governor Tim Walz as her vice-presidential running mate.^[242] On August 22, the fourth day of the Democratic National Convention, Harris officially accepted the Democratic nomination for president.^[243]\n

On September 10, 2024, ABC News hosted the presidential debate between Harris and Trump in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.^[244] In the debate, Trump tried to portray Harris as a \"radical liberal\".^[245] Harris's sharpest criticisms of Trump came on abortion rights, where she said she would restore women's rights to what they were under Roe.^[246] Harris was declared the winner of the debate by several political analysts, including columnists from CNN,^[247] Politico,^[248] The New York Times,^[249] and USA Today.^[250] After the September debate performance, polls remained very close and showed Harris had a hard time conveying that she would represent a \"change\", due to her being a part of the Biden administration.^[251]^[252]\n

On October 30, Harris delivered a half-hour speech at the Ellipse in Washington, D.C., intended as a \"closing argument\" for her campaign.^[253]^[254] Her statements about tax-funded gender-affirming surgery for transgender people in prison were attacked by Trump, who spent millions on a political advertisement that said, \"Kamala is for they/them, President Trump is for you.\" Trump's campaign spent more money on the advertisement than any other in the campaign.^[255]^[256]\n

Harris lost the 2024 United States presidential election to Trump,^[257] conceding the next day in a speech at her alma mater, Howard University.^[258] She lost the electoral college 226 to 312, and the popular vote 48.3% to 49.8%. Losses in the \"blue wall\" states of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Pennsylvania were considered key to her defeat, in addition to losing the swing states Nevada, Arizona, Georgia, and North Carolina.^[259] Harris's loss was part of a global backlash against incumbent parties in 2024,^[260]^[261] in part due to the 2021-2023 inflation surge.^[262]^[263] All 50 states and DC trended rightward compared to the 2020 presidential election.^[264] On January 6, 2025, in her role as president of the Senate, Harris oversaw the certification of Trump and Vance as the winners of the election.\n

Post-vice presidency (2025\u2013present)

[edit]

Harris left office on January 20, 2025, succeeded by the 50th vice president of the United States, JD Vance. She and her husband moved to Los Angeles,^[265] where they helped distribute food to victims of the Palisades Fire.^[266]\n

According to The New York Times^[267] and Politico,^[268] Harris, who has the largest donor network in the Democratic Party, may run for president again in 2028, although her loss in 2024 could give her a disadvantage.^[267] According to USA Today, Harris intended to run in 2028 before Biden's withdrawal.^[269] According to New York magazine, Harris is considering her options in 2025, including running for president, running for governor of California in 2026, or retiring from politics.^[270] \n

On February 18, 2025, Harris signed with Creative Artists Agency (CAA) to focus on speaking and publishing opportunities.^[271]\n

On February 22, 2025, Harris received Chairman\u2019s prize at 56th NAACP Image Awards.^[272]\n

Political positions

[edit]

Main article: Political positions of Kamala Harris

Harris's domestic platform supports national abortion protections, LGBTQ+ rights, stricter gun control, and limited legislation to address climate change.^[273]^[274]^[93] On immigration, she supports an earned pathway to citizenship and increases in border security, as well as addressing the root causes of illegal immigration by means of the RCS program.^[275]^[276]\n

On foreign policy, Harris supports continued military aid to Ukraine and Israel in their respective wars, but insists that Israel should agree to a ceasefire and hostage deal and work toward a two-state solution.^[277] She opposes an arms embargo on Israel.^[278] Harris has departed from Biden on economic issues, proposing what has been called a \"populist\" economic agenda.^[279]^[280]\n

Abortion

[edit]

Harris supports abortion rights, and reproductive health care was central to her presidential campaign.^[281]^[282] She has been called \"the Biden administration's voice for reproductive rights\"^[283] and \"the White House's voice of unflinching support for reproductive health rights.\"^[284] Several abortion rights and women's organizations supported her after Biden withdrew from the race, with Reproductive Freedom for All saying \"there is nobody who has fought as hard [as Harris] for abortion rights and access\" and EMILY's List calling her \"our most powerful advocate and messenger\" on reproductive rights.^[285]\n

As of 2020, Harris had a 100% rating from the abortion rights advocacy group Planned Parenthood Action Fund, and a 0% rating from the anti-abortion group National Right to Life Committee.^[286] EMILY's List endorsed her in 2015, during her senatorial campaign.^[287]\n

LGBT rights

[edit]

As California attorney general, Harris refused to defend Prop 8 in federal court, and after Prop 8 was struck down in Hollingsworth v. Perry in 2013, she ordered the Los Angeles County Clerk's office to \"start the marriages immediately\". She officiated at the wedding of the plaintiffs in the case, Kris Perry and Sandy Stier, at San Francisco City Hall.^[288]\n

As a member of the U.S. Senate, Harris co-sponsored the Equality Act.^[289]\n

In July 2018, Harris led her colleagues in introducing the Gay and Trans Panic Defense Prohibition Act of 2018, a nationwide bill that would curtail the effectiveness of the so-called gay and trans panic defenses, an issue she pioneered as district attorney of San Francisco.^[290]\n

In October 2019, Harris participated in a CNN/Human Rights Campaign town hall on LGBTQ rights and pledged her support for \"all of the folks who are fighting for equality\" in cases that would determine whether gay and transgender people are protected under laws banning federal workplace discrimination.^[291] Harris drew attention to the epidemic of hate crimes committed against Black trans women (at the time 20 killed that year), noting that LGBTQ people of color are doubly discriminated against.^[292]^[293]\n

Harris has since been criticized for a 2015 federal court motion she filed to block gender-affirming medical care for a transgender inmate serving in a California state prison while she was California attorney general, after the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals had ruled that denying that treatment violated the 8th Amendment's prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment.^[294]^[295]\n

Criminal justice

[edit]

In December 2018, Harris voted for the First Step Act, legislation aimed at reducing recidivism rates among federal prisoners by expanding job training and other programs, in addition to forming an expansion of early release programs and modifications on sentencing laws such as mandatory minimum sentences for nonviolent drug offenders, \"to more equitably punish drug offenders\".^[296]\n

In March 2020, Harris was one of 15 senators to sign a letter to the Federal Bureau of Prisons and private prison companies GEO Group, CoreCivic, and Management and Training Corporation requesting information on their strategy to address the COVID-19 pandemic, asserting that it was \"critical that [you] have a plan to help prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus to incarcerated individuals and correctional staff, along with their families and loved ones, and provide treatment to incarcerated individuals and staff who become infected.\"^[297]\n

In June 2020, after a campaign by a coalition of community groups, including Black Lives Matter, Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti announced Los Angeles Police Department budget cuts of $150 million.^[298] Harris supported the decision:^[299]^[300]\n

In 2020 Harris tweeted in support of donations to the Minnesota Freedom Fund, a bail fund assisting those arrested in the George Floyd protests, though she did not donate to the fund herself.^[301]\n

Harris's criminal justice record has been seen as mixed, with critics calling her \"tough on crime\" even though she called herself a \"progressive prosecutor\", citing her reluctance to release prisoners and anti-truancy policies. In her 2009 book, Harris criticized liberals for what she called \"biases against law enforcement\".^[302]\n

Personal life

[edit]

Public image

[edit]

Main article: Public image of Kamala Harris

Though the public had an unfavorable view of Harris as vice president, setting a record low,^[319] her public image improved after Biden withdrew his candidacy for reelection. Notably, her approval rating rose 13% among Democrats.^[320]

Harris quips, \"You think you just fell out of a coconut tree?\" during a speech on May 10, 2023.

Harris's term as vice president has seen high staff turnover\u2014including the departures of her chief of staff, deputy chief of staff, press secretary, deputy press secretary, communications director, and chief speechwriter^[321]\u2014which critics allege reflects dysfunction and demoralization.^[228] Axios reported that at least some of the turnover was due to exhaustion from a demanding transition into the new administration, as well as financial and personal considerations.^[322] For most of her tenure, Harris had one of the lowest approval ratings of any vice president.^[323]^[324]^[319] According to a RealClear Politics polling average, a record low of 34.8% of Americans had a favorable view of her in August 2022, but this number rose rapidly after she became the presumptive Democratic presidential nominee in July 2024. Harris had a net favorable rating by September 9.^[325]\n

In 2024, a video clip from 2023 went viral of Harris saying \"You think you just fell out of a coconut tree? You exist in the context of all in which you live and what came before you\" at a White House event.^[326] Since the launch of her 2024 presidential campaign, that and other Harris remarks have been widely shared as memes, resulting in press coverage of her public image.^[327]^[328]\n

Harris's often boisterous laughter^[d] has been called one of her \"most defining and most dissected personal traits\".^[332] She says she got her laugh from her mother.^[333]\n

Publications

[edit]

Harris has written two nonfiction books and one children's book.\n

Harris, Kamala; O'C. Hamilton, Joan (2009). Smart on Crime: A Career Prosecutor's Plan to Make Us Safer. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. ISBN 978-0-8118-6528-9.
Harris, Kamala (January 8, 2019). The Truths We Hold: An American Journey. London: Penguin. ISBN 978-1-9848-8622-4.
Harris, Kamala (January 8, 2019). Superheroes Are Everywhere. London: Penguin Young Readers Group. ISBN 978-1-9848-3749-3.

Notes

[edit]

^ ^a ^b Harris was originally named Kamala Iyer Harris by her parents, who two weeks later filed an affidavit by which her middle name was changed to Devi.^[2]\n
^ The schools were University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Northwestern University, Evanston; and University of Wisconsin, Madison.\n
^ The other two are President Barack Obama, and Charles Curtis, a Native American and member of the Kaw Nation, who was vice president under Herbert Hoover from 1929 to 1933.^[190]\n
^ In terms of its type, it is often described as a cackle or guffaw.^[329]^[330]^[331] An example of it can be seen in the \"coconut tree\" video exhibited on the right of this section.\n

References

[edit]

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^ Davis, Ebony (July 26, 2024). \"Barack and Michelle Obama endorse Kamala Harris for president\". CNN. Archived from the original on August 5, 2024. Retrieved August 5, 2024.\n
^ Bluestein, Greg (August 3, 2024). \"Jimmy Carters next goal is voting for Kamala Harris for president\". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from the original on August 3, 2024. Retrieved August 3, 2024.\n
^ Samuels, Brett (July 22, 2024). \"Harris breaks 24-hour fundraising record after Biden drops out\". The Hill. Archived from the original on July 22, 2024. Retrieved July 22, 2024.\n
^ Megerian, Chris (July 21, 2024). \"Harris could become the first female president after years of breaking racial and gender barriers\". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on August 7, 2024. Retrieved August 6, 2024.\n
^ Kim, Seung Min (August 5, 2024). \"Kamala Harris is now Democratic presidential nominee, will face off against Donald Trump this fall\". Associated Press News. Archived from the original on August 8, 2024. Retrieved August 5, 2024.\n
^ Nehamas, Nicholas (August 6, 2024). \"Harris Officially Secures Democratic Party's Nomination for President\". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 6, 2024. Retrieved August 6, 2024.\n
^ Korte, Gregory; Fabian, Jordan (July 22, 2024). \"Harris Has Enough Delegates to Clinch Nomination for President\". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on July 23, 2024. Retrieved July 22, 2024.\n
^ Parnes, Amie; Samuels, Brett; Conradis, Brandon (August 6, 2024). \"Harris picks Walz for vice president\". The Hill. Archived from the original on August 6, 2024. Retrieved August 6, 2024.\n
^ Yilek, Caitlin (August 23, 2024). \"12 highlights from the 2024 Democratic National Convention\". CBS News. Archived from the original on September 27, 2024. Retrieved October 31, 2024.\n
^ Patten, Dominic; Johnson, Ted (September 11, 2024). \"Presidential Debate TV Review: Kamala Harris Baits Raging Donald Trump Into His Worst Self In Face-Off\". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on September 11, 2024. Retrieved December 31, 2024.\n
^ Sherman, Amy. \"Trump is wrong. Harris is not a communist\". @politifact. Archived from the original on September 14, 2024. Retrieved September 14, 2024.\n
^ Fischler, Ashley; Murray, Jacob (September 11, 2024). \"Harris tears into Trump over abortion rights and race in tense presidential debate\". Archived from the original on September 11, 2024. Retrieved December 31, 2024.\n
^ Collinson, Stephen (September 11, 2024). \"Analysis: Harris bests Trump in debate but there's no guarantee it will shape the election\". CNN. Archived from the original on September 11, 2024. Retrieved September 11, 2024.\n
^ \"Harris won the debate \u2014 and it wasn't close\". Politico. September 11, 2024.\n
^ \"Harris Dominates as Trump Gets Defensive: 6 Takeaways From the Debate\". The New York Times. September 11, 2024. Archived from the original on September 11, 2024. Retrieved September 11, 2024.\n
^ Anderson, Zac. \"Who won the debate? Harris' forceful performance rattles a defensive Trump\". USA Today. Archived from the original on October 2, 2024. Retrieved September 11, 2024.\n
^ LeVine, Marianne; Reston, Maeve; Dawsey, Josh; Rodriguez, Sabrina (September 12, 2024). \"Trump says he won't debate Harris again before election\". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 2, 2025.\n
^ \"Trump: No more debates with Kamala Harris\". Reuters. September 12, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2025.\n
^ Krieg, Gregory (October 30, 2024). \"Harris tries to paint contrast with Trump, arguing 'it doesn't have to be this way' at Ellipse rally\". CNN. Retrieved November 2, 2024.\n
^ \"Fact check: Kamala Harris's speech at the White House Ellipse\". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on November 27, 2024. Retrieved November 6, 2024.\n
^ Davis, Susan (October 19, 2024). \"GOP ads on transgender rights are dominating airwaves in the election's closing days\". NPR. Archived from the original on November 8, 2024. Retrieved November 8, 2024.\n
^ Barr\u00f3n-L\u00f3pez, Laura; Baldwin, Lorna; Lane, Sam; Barajas, Joshua; Sunkara, Satvi (November 2, 2024). \"Why anti-transgender political ads are dominating the airwaves this election\". PBS News. Archived from the original on November 8, 2024. Retrieved November 8, 2024.\n
^ \"Trump wins the White House in political comeback rooted in appeals to frustrated voters\". AP News. November 5, 2024. Archived from the original on November 7, 2024. Retrieved November 6, 2024.\n
^ \"Harris concedes before an emotional crowd at her alma mater\". NBC News. November 7, 2024. Archived from the original on November 6, 2024. Retrieved November 14, 2024.\n
^ \"Read Vice President Kamala Harris' Full Concession Speech\". TIME. November 6, 2024. Archived from the original on December 17, 2024. Retrieved November 7, 2024.\n
^ Burn-Murdoch, John (November 7, 2024). \"Democrats join 2024's graveyard of incumbents\". Financial Times. Archived from the original on November 7, 2024. Retrieved December 5, 2024.\n
^ Beauchamp, Zack (November 6, 2024). \"The global trend that pushed Donald Trump to victory\". Vox. Incumbents everywhere are doing poorly. America just proved it's not exceptional.\n
^ Benoit, Bertrand; Luhnow, David; Monga, Vipal (December 27, 2024). \"The Progressive Moment in Global Politics is Over\". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on December 28, 2024. Retrieved December 27, 2024. Weak economic growth and record immigration are driving gains by the right, especially populists.\n
^ Burn-Murdoch, John (December 29, 2024). \"What the 'year of democracy' taught us, in 6 charts\". Financial Times. Archived from the original on January 1, 2025. Retrieved December 30, 2024. The billions who voted in 2024 sent an angry message to incumbents, and warmed to populists on left and right\n
^ Kondik, Kyle (December 19, 2024). \"How the States Vote Relative to the Nation: A 2024 Update\". Sabato's Crystal Ball. Archived from the original on January 8, 2025. Retrieved January 6, 2025.\n
^ \"Harris and Emhoff headed back to California after inauguration; source says they're looking at NYC apartments\". CBS News. January 19, 2025. Archived from the original on January 23, 2025. Retrieved January 23, 2025.\n
^ Cadelago, Christopher (January 20, 2025). \"Harris heading home to Los Angeles to help fire victims\". Politico. Retrieved January 26, 2025.\n
^ ^a ^b Epstein, Reid J.; Rogers, Katie; Green, Erica L. (November 7, 2024). \"What's Next for Kamala Harris? Here Are Six Options\". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 16, 2025. Retrieved January 20, 2025.\n
^ Wren, Adam; Cadelago, Christopher; Kashinsky, Lisa; Otterbein, Holly; Schneider, Elena (November 11, 2024). \"Who will lead Democrats in 2028? Meet the leaders positioning themselves to make moves\". Politico. Archived from the original on November 11, 2024. Retrieved November 11, 2024.\n
^ Chambers, Francesca (November 7, 2024). \"Burdened by what had been: Kamala Harris couldn't convince voters\". USA Today. Retrieved November 11, 2024.\n
^ Debenedetti, Gabriel (January 23, 2025). \"Kamala Harris Hasn't Ruled Out Running for President in 2028\". New York Magazine. Retrieved January 23, 2025.\n
^ \"Kamala Harris Signs With CAA to Plan Next Chapter\". The Hollywood Reporter. February 18, 2025. Retrieved February 18, 2025.\n
^ \"Kamala Harris receives prestigious Chairman's prize at NAACP Image Awards\". Associated Press. February 23, 2025. Retrieved February 24, 2025.\n
^ \"Where does Kamala Harris stand on climate change?\". euronews. August 30, 2024. Archived from the original on September 6, 2024. Retrieved September 5, 2024.\n
^ Astor, Maggie (July 21, 2024). \"Where Kamala Harris Stands on the Issues: Abortion, Immigration and More\". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 21, 2024. Retrieved July 22, 2024.\n
^ Sacchetti, Maria; Rivera, Anthony; Cheeseman, Abbie; McDaniel, Justine (September 10, 2024). \"Kamala Harris's immigration policies, explained\". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 12, 2024. Retrieved September 10, 2024.\n
^ \"Report on the U.S. Strategy for Addressing the Root causes of Migration in Central America\". The White House. April 19, 2022. Archived from the original on September 17, 2024. Retrieved October 17, 2024.\n
^ Al-Sheikh, Y. L.; Fayyazi, Nickan (July 26, 2024). \"Kamala Harris Will Shift on Gaza Only if We Make Her\". The Nation. ISSN 0027-8378. Archived from the original on July 27, 2024. Retrieved July 30, 2024.\n
^ \"Harris Says She Will Not Impose Stricter Conditions On Weapons For Israel\". HuffPost. August 30, 2024. Archived from the original on September 11, 2024. Retrieved September 5, 2024.\n
^ \"Harris breaks from 'Bidenomics' in North Carolina\". Politico. August 16, 2024. Archived from the original on August 22, 2024. Retrieved August 30, 2024.\n
^ \"Kamala Harris unveils populist policy agenda, with $6,000 credit for newborns\". The Washington Post. August 16, 2024. Archived from the original on August 17, 2024. Retrieved August 30, 2024.\n
^ Wright, Jasmine (June 24, 2023). \"Kamala Harris found her voice on abortion rights in the year after Dobbs. Now she's making it central to her 2024 message\". CNN. Archived from the original on December 13, 2024. Retrieved August 2, 2024.\n
^ \"Issues \u2013 Kamala Harris for President\". Harris-Walz. Archived from the original on November 28, 2024. Retrieved December 2, 2024.\n
^ Mullin, Emily (July 23, 2024). \"Abortion Rights Groups Rush to Back Kamala Harris\". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Archived from the original on December 24, 2024. Retrieved August 2, 2024.\n
^ Armour, Stephanie (July 21, 2024). \"Harris, Once Biden's Voice on Abortion, Would Take an Outspoken Approach to Health\". KFF Health News. Archived from the original on December 30, 2024. Retrieved August 2, 2024.\n
^ Durkee, Alison (July 22, 2024). \"Kamala Harris Could Make Abortion A Bigger Issue In Election Over Biden\u2014Here's Why\". Forbes. Archived from the original on October 5, 2024. Retrieved August 2, 2024.\n
^ \"Kamala Harris's Ratings and Endorsements\". Vote Smart. July 15, 2018. Archived from the original on January 23, 2021. Retrieved August 27, 2024.\n
^ Mehta, Seema (March 19, 2015). \"Emily's List backs Kamala Harris' Senate bid\". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on August 10, 2020. Retrieved August 27, 2024.\n
^ Reimer, Alex (July 23, 2024). \"WATCH: 2013 clip of Kamala Harris ordering clerks to issue marriage licenses to gay couples 'immediately' resurfaces\". Queerty. Archived from the original on October 29, 2024. Retrieved October 4, 2024.\n
^ Johnson, Chris (October 25, 2017). \"Kamala Harris rises as LGBT favorite for 2020 – there's just one thing\". Washington Blade. Archived from the original on December 8, 2024. Retrieved October 16, 2024.\n
^ \"Harris, Colleagues Introduce Legislation to Ban Use of Gay and Trans Panic Defense\" (Press release). Senator Kamala Harris. July 16, 2018. Archived from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2020.\n
^ Manchester, Julia (October 10, 2019). \"Democratic 2020 hopefuls tout LGBTQ plans at town hall\". The Hill. Archived from the original on November 21, 2024. Retrieved October 16, 2024.\n
^ \"Kamala Harris at CNN's LGBTQ Town Hall\". October 10, 2019. Archived from the original on December 12, 2024. Retrieved October 16, 2024 – via YouTube.\n
^ Smith, Reiss (August 12, 2020). \"Pose star Angelica Ross believes Kamala Harris 'holds herself accountable' on her uneven trans rights record\". PinkNews. Archived from the original on October 7, 2024. Retrieved October 4, 2024.\n
^ Johnson, Chris (May 5, 2015). \"Harris seeks to block gender reassignment for trans inmate\". Washington Blade. Archived from the original on July 22, 2024. Retrieved July 23, 2024.\n
^ Sosin, Kate (August 13, 2020). \"Kamala Harris is a complicated choice for some LGBTQ+ people\". The 19th News. Archived from the original on July 23, 2024. Retrieved July 23, 2024.\n
^ Fandos, Nicholas (December 18, 2018). \"Senate Passes Bipartisan Criminal Justice Bill\". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 12, 2021. Retrieved October 16, 2024.\n
^ Budryk, Zack (March 10, 2020). \"Democratic senators ask prison operators for answers on coronavirus plans\". The Hill. Archived from the original on October 7, 2024. Retrieved October 4, 2024.\n
^ Rainey, James; Smith, Dakota; Chang, Cindy (June 5, 2020). \"Growing the LAPD was gospel at City Hall. George Floyd changed that\". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 10, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2024.\n
^ \"Sen. Kamala Harris voices support of LA Mayor Garcetti's call for police reform, budget cuts\". ABC7 News. June 10, 2020. Archived from the original on December 6, 2020. Retrieved October 4, 2024.\n
^ Bolton, Alexander (June 11, 2020). \"Harris grapples with defund the police movement amid veep talk\". The Hill. Retrieved October 16, 2024.\n
^ Murphy, Esme (July 25, 2024). \"Despite Trump claim and 2020 tweet showing support, Harris never donated to Minnesota Freedom Fund\". CBS Minnesota. Retrieved July 26, 2024.\n
^ Lopez, German (January 23, 2019). \"Kamala Harris's controversial record on criminal justice, explained\". Vox. Archived from the original on August 21, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2021.\n
^ \"The progressive Indian grandfather who inspired Kamala Harris\". Los Angeles Times. October 25, 2019. Archived from the original on November 15, 2020. Retrieved December 31, 2024.\n
^ \"Kamala Harris Once Dated Talk Show Host Montel Williams\". Inside Edition. August 8, 2019. Archived from the original on May 18, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2020.\n
^ ^a ^b Wright, Jasmine; Stracqualursi, Veronica (January 15, 2021). \"Harris and Emhoff recall first date: 'It felt like we had known each other forever'\". CNN. Archived from the original on January 17, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2021.\n
^ Wright, Jasmine (November 20, 2021). \"Second family becomes first to affix a mezuzah on executive home'\". CNN. Retrieved January 18, 2024.\n
^ \"Douglas C. Emhoff\". Venable LLP. Archived from the original on July 6, 2017. Retrieved May 28, 2014.\n
^ Siders, David (August 25, 2014). \"Kamala Harris married in Santa Barbara ceremony\". The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on August 17, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2020.\n
^ Harris, Kamala (May 10, 2019). \"Sen. Kamala Harris on Being 'Momala'\". Elle. Archived from the original on August 12, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2019.\n
^ Khan-Mullins, Kyle (May 26, 2024). \"Here's How Much Kamala Harris is Worth\". Forbes. Archived from the original on August 22, 2024. Retrieved August 22, 2024.\n
^ Shah, Simmone (July 23, 2024). \"What We Know About Kamala Harris' Net Worth\". Time. Archived from the original on August 22, 2024. Retrieved August 22, 2024.\n
^ Mwaura, Maina (October 28, 2020). \"Kamala Harris talks about her own faith and how it might influence a Biden-Harris White House\". Religion News Service. Archived from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved November 9, 2020.\n
^ Schor, Elana (August 12, 2020). \"Harris brings Baptist, interfaith roots to Democratic ticket\". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on September 3, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.\n
^ Shimron, Yonat (August 12, 2020). \"5 faith facts about Biden's veep pick, Kamala Harris \u2013 a Baptist with Hindu family\". The Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on August 12, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.\n
^ \"Find A Church\". ABCUSA. Archived from the original on August 6, 2020. Retrieved August 13, 2020.\n
^ \"America's black upper class and Black Lives Matter\". The Economist. August 22, 2020. Archived from the original on February 7, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2021.\n
^ Pitts, Myron B. (November 14, 2020). \"Myron B. Pitts: Sen. Kamala Harris, VP-elect, shines light on The Links\". The Fayetteville Observer. Archived from the original on February 7, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2022.\n
^ Megerian, Chris (September 10, 2024). \"Kamala Harris, gun owner, talks firearms at debate\". ABC News. Archived from the original on September 11, 2024. Retrieved September 11, 2024.\n
^ ^a ^b Oshin, Olafimihan (June 26, 2023). \"Poll: Kamala Harris sets record low for Vice President net favorability\". The Hill. Archived from the original on June 27, 2023. Retrieved June 26, 2023.\n
^ Brenan, Megan (August 22, 2024). \"Democrats Give Harris Nearly Unanimous Positive Ratings\". Gallup.com. Archived from the original on August 22, 2024. Retrieved August 23, 2024.\n
^ Cadelago, Christopher; Lippman, Daniel; Daniels, Eugene (December 4, 2021). \"'Not a healthy environment': Kamala Harris' office rife with dissent\". Politico. Archived from the original on June 24, 2022. Retrieved June 27, 2022.\n
^ McCammond, Alexi; Mucha, Sarah (December 3, 2021). \"Burnout, money, fear drive turnover in Harris's office\". Axios. Archived from the original on February 21, 2024. Retrieved August 18, 2024.\n
^ Fossett, Katelyn (November 12, 2021). \"What's going on with Kamala's poll numbers?\". Politico. Archived from the original on January 31, 2023. Retrieved January 31, 2023.\n
^ Ting, Eric (November 8, 2021). \"Kamala Harris has a comically bad approval rating, poll finds\". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on January 31, 2023. Retrieved January 31, 2023.\n
^ \"Kamala Harris Favorable/Unfavorable Ratings Polls\". RealClearPolling. Archived from the original on August 6, 2024. Retrieved August 6, 2024.\n
^ DeLetter, Emily (July 21, 2024). \"'You think you just fell out of a coconut tree?' Kamala Harris meme resurfaces after Biden drops out\". USA Today. Archived from the original on July 21, 2024. Retrieved July 22, 2024.\n
^ Touma, Rafqa; Cassidy, Caitlin (July 22, 2024). \"What is the Kamala Harris coconut tree meme and why is everyone sharing it?\". The Guardian. Archived from the original on July 31, 2024. Retrieved July 22, 2024.\n
^ Hess, Amanda (July 23, 2024). \"The Triumphant Comeback of the Kamala Harris Meme\". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 23, 2024. Retrieved July 23, 2024.\n
^ Givhan, Robin (July 30, 2024). \"Kamala Harris's powerful laughter in the face of weirdness\". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 31, 2024. Retrieved August 2, 2024.\n
^ Ebeledike, Neenma; Bonilla, Emely; Hayempour, Kayla; Branson-Potts, Hailey (July 24, 2024). \"Coconuts, 'brat summer' and that laugh: The memeing of Kamala Harris\". Archived from the original on July 25, 2024. Retrieved August 2, 2024.\n
^ Zinoman, Jason (July 28, 2024). \"Kamala Harris's Laugh Is a Campaign Issue. Our Comedy Critic Weighs in\". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 2, 2024. Retrieved August 2, 2024.\n
^ Judkis, Maura; Voght, Kara (July 31, 2024). \"What's in Kamala Harris's laugh?\". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on July 31, 2024. Retrieved August 2, 2024.\n
^ Southern, Keiran (April 30, 2024). \"Kamala Harris defends 'cackle' derided by her rivals\". The Times. Archived from the original on August 2, 2024. Retrieved August 2, 2024.\n

External links

[edit]

\nKamala Harris at Wikipedia's sister projects

$\"\"$ Media from Commons
$\"\"$ News from Wikinews
$\"\"$ Quotations from Wikiquote
$\"\"$ Texts from Wikisource
$\"\"$ Data from Wikidata

\nLibrary resources about
Kamala Harris

Official

[edit]

Vice President Kamala Harris official website (archived)
Official website
Senator Kamala D. Harris (2017\u20132021)

Other

[edit]

Books and articles on or by Kamala Harris at Google Scholar
Appearances on C-SPAN $\"Edit$
Kamala Harris at On the Issues
Kamala Harris at PolitiFact

Kamala Harris

49th Vice President of the United States (2021\u20132025)
U.S. Senator from California (2017\u20132021)
Attorney General of California (2011\u20132017)
District Attorney of San Francisco (2004\u20132011)

Life and politics

Elections

California	\n District attorney\n 2003 \n 2007 \n Attorney general\n 2010 \n 2014 \n U.S. Senate\n 2016 \n
Vice presidential	\n 2020 campaign\n selection \n convention \n debate \n election \n transition \n 2024 campaign\n Biden withdrawal \n
Presidential	\n 2020 campaign\n debates \n endorsements \n primaries \n 2024 campaign\n endorsements\n non-political \n political\n congressional legislators \n federal executive officials \n former Trump officials \n international \n sub-national officials \n running mate selection \n convention \n debate \n election \n

Bibliography

Public image

The 47th
KHive
\"We did it, Joe!\"
\"You think you just fell out of a coconut tree?\"
\"Kamala is for they/them\"

Family

P. V. Gopalan (maternal grandfather)
Shyamala Gopalan (mother)
Maya Harris (sister)
Meena Harris (niece)
Donald J. Harris (father)
Doug Emhoff (husband)
Ella Emhoff (stepdaughter)
Tony West (brother-in-law)

$\"\"$ Category
$\"\"$ Commons

Offices and distinctions

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

Legal offices\n
Preceded by Terence Hallinan \n	District Attorney of San Francisco 2004\u20132011\n	Succeeded by George Gasc\u00f3n \n
Preceded by Jerry Brown \n	Attorney General of California 2011\u20132017\n	Succeeded by Kathleen Kenealy Acting \n
Party political offices\n
Preceded by Barbara Boxer \n	Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from California (Class 3) 2016\n	Succeeded by Alex Padilla \n
Preceded by Tim Kaine \n	Democratic nominee for Vice President of the United States 2020\n	Succeeded by Tim Walz \n
Preceded by Joe Biden \n	Democratic nominee for President of the United States 2024\n	Most recent\n
U.S. Senate\n
Preceded by Barbara Boxer \n	U.S. Senator (Class 3) from California 2017\u20132021 Served alongside: Dianne Feinstein\n	Succeeded by Alex Padilla \n
Political offices\n
Preceded by Mike Pence \n	Vice President of the United States 2021\u20132025\n	Succeeded by JD Vance \n
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)\n
Preceded by Mike Pence as Former Vice President \n	United States order of precedence Former Vice President \n	Succeeded by Ambassadors of the United States \n

Articles related to Kamala Harris

Unsuccessful major party candidates for President of the United States

(\u2190 2020) 2024 United States presidential election (2028 \u2192)

Donald Trump, JD Vance (R), 312 electoral votes; Kamala Harris, Tim Walz (D), 226 electoral votes
\n

2024 United States elections
Polls\n
- national
- state
Timeline
Debates
Fundraising
Ballot access
Interference\n
- Chinese
- Iranian
- Russian
Electors
Electoral College vote count
Transition\n
- inauguration

Republican Party
\u258cCPNYS

Polls\n

national
state

Endorsements

VP candidate selection

Candidates

Nominee: Donald Trump\n
- campaign
- eligibility\n
  - Trump v. Anderson
- endorsements\n
  - political
  - non-political
- opposition
- positions
VP nominee: JD Vance\n
- positions

Withdrew during primaries

Withdrew before primaries

Democratic Party
\u258cWFP

Candidates

Nominee: Kamala Harris\n
- campaign
- endorsements\n
  - political
  - non-political
  - Haley Voters for Harris
  - White Dudes for Harris
- positions
VP nominee: Tim Walz

Withdrew after primaries

Marianne Williamson\n

campaign

Withdrew during primaries

Withdrew before primaries: Robert F. Kennedy Jr.; Jerome Segal

Libertarian Party

\n Primaries \n Convention \n
Candidates	\n Nominee: Chase Oliver\n campaign \n VP nominee: Mike ter Maat \n Eliminated in balloting \n Robert F. Kennedy Jr. \n Art Olivier \n Michael Rectenwald \n Mike ter Maat \n Withdrew before primaries \n Joe Exotic \n Other candidates \n Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (LPCO \u00b7 LPNH) \n

Green Party
\u258cKP

\n Primaries \n Convention \n
Candidates	\n Nominee: Jill Stein\n campaign \n endorsements \n VP nominee: Butch Ware \n Withdrew after primaries \n Randy Toler \n Withdrew before primaries \n Emanuel Pastreich \n Cornel West \n

Independent
\u258cGMPJ \u00b7 \u258cNLMN \u00b7 \u258cOPP
\u258cSA \u00b7 \u258cUCP \u00b7 \u258cUPC

Candidate: Cornel West\n
- campaign
Running mate: Melina Abdullah

Independent (withdrawn)
\u258cAP \u00b7 \u258cAIP \u00b7 \u258cIPoD
\u258cNLP \u00b7 \u258cRPUSA

Candidate: Robert F. Kennedy Jr.\n
- campaign
- Reform Convention
Running mate: Nicole Shanahan

Other third-party candidates
American Solidarity Party	\n Nominee: Peter Sonski\n campaign \n Other candidates \n Joe Schriner \n
Constitution Party	\n Convention \n Nominee: Randall Terry\n campaign \n VP nominee: Stephen Broden \n Other candidates \n Joel Skousen \n
Independent American Party	\n Nominee: Joel Skousen \n
Legal Marijuana Now Party	\n Primary \n Nominee: Dennis Schuller \n VP nominee: Rudy Reyes \n Other candidates \n Ed Forchion \n Krystal Gabel \n Rudy Reyes \n Vermin Supreme \n
Liberal Party USA	\n Nominee: Laura Ebke \n
Pirate Party	\n Nominee: Vermin Supreme \n
Party Party	\n Nominee: Robby Wells \n
Party for Socialism & Liberation \u258cPFP \u00b7 \u258cSCW	\n Nominee: Claudia De la Cruz\n campaign \n
Socialist Equality Party	\n Nominee: Joseph Kishore \n VP nominee: Jerry White \n
Socialist Workers Party	\n Nominee: Rachele Fruit \n
Unity Party of America	\n Nominee: Paul Noel Fiorino \n
Other independent candidates	\n Declared \n Shiva Ayyadurai \n Johnny Buss \n Joseph \"Afroman\" Foreman \n Tom Hoefling \n Taylor Marshall \n Emanuel Pastreich \n Withdrew \n Krist Novoselic \n Kanye West\n campaign \n positions \n

Disputes
Controversies	\n Republican Party efforts to disrupt the 2024 United States presidential election\n Election denial \n

(\u2190 2016) 2020 United States presidential election (2024 \u2192)

Joe Biden, Kamala Harris (D), 306 electoral votes; Donald Trump, Mike Pence (R), 232 electoral votes
\n

Democratic Party
\u258cIPO \u00b7 \u258cWFP

Convention (automatic delegates)

Polls (national \u00b7 state)

Positions

Endorsements

VP candidate selection

Unity Task Forces

Candidates

Nominee: Joe Biden\n
- campaign
- endorsements\n
  - celebrity
  - organizations
  - Congress
  - state & territorial officials
  - municipal officials
- positions
VP nominee: Kamala Harris\n
- positions

Withdrew during primaries

Withdrew before primaries

Marianne Williamson\n

campaign

Republican Party
\u258cCPNYS \u00b7 \u258cRTLP

Candidates

Incumbent nominee

Donald Trump\n

endorsements\n

GOP reactions to fraud claims

Incumbent VP nominee: Mike Pence

Withdrew during primaries

Withdrew before primaries

Mark Sanford\n

campaign

Libertarian Party

\n Primaries \n Results \n Convention \n
Candidates	\n Nominee \n Jo Jorgensen\n campaign \n endorsements \n VP nominee: Spike Cohen \n Eliminated in balloting \n Jim Gray \n Adam Kokesh \n John McAfee \n John Monds \n Vermin Supreme\n campaign \n Withdrew before or during primaries \n Max Abramson \n Lincoln Chafee \n Zoltan Istvan \n Formed exploratory committee but did not run \n Justin Amash \n

Green Party
\u258cLMN \u00b7 \u258cSA \u00b7 \u258cSPUSA

\n Primaries \n Results \n Debates \n Convention \n
Candidates	\n Nominee: Howie Hawkins\n campaign \n endorsements \n VP nominee: Angela Walker \n Withdrew during primaries \n Dario Hunter \n Other candidates \n Jesse Ventura \n

Constitution Party

Primaries
Nominee: Don Blankenship

Other third-party candidates
Alliance Party \u258cAIP \u00b7 \u258cReform	\n Nominee: Rocky De La Fuente \n VP nominee: Darcy Richardson \n AIP VP nominee: Kanye West \n Other candidates \n Max Abramson \n Phil Collins \n
American Solidarity Party	\n Nominee: Brian T. Carroll \n Other candidates \n Joe Schriner \n
Birthday Party	\n Nominee: Kanye West\n campaign \n positions \n
Bread and Roses	\n Nominee: Jerome Segal \n
Party for Socialism & Liberation \u258cLUP \u00b7 \u258cPFP	\n Nominee: Gloria La Riva \n VP nominee: Leonard Peltier (withdrew) \n Other candidates: Howie Hawkins \n
Progressive Party	\n Nominee: Dario Hunter \n
Prohibition Party	\n Nominee: Phil Collins \n
Socialist Action	\n Nominee: Jeff Mackler \n
Socialist Equality Party	\n Nominee: Joseph Kishore \n
Socialist Workers Party	\n Nominee: Alyson Kennedy \n
Independent candidates	\n Declared \n Pete Accetturo \n Mark Charles \n Brock Pierce (\u258cIPNY nominee) \n Jade Simmons \n Joe Schriner \n Withdrew \n Perry Caravello \n Jeremy Gable \n

Disputes
Attempts to overturn	\n Protests\n during inauguration week \n U.S. Capitol attack\n timeline \n aftermath\n second impeachment of Donald Trump\n trial \n January 6 commission \n reactions\n domestic \n international \n Trump fake electors plot\n Arizona \n Georgia \n Michigan \n Trump\u2013Raffensperger phone call \n Eastman memos \n
Lawsuits	\n Filed before Election Day \n Filed during or after Election Day\n Arizona \n Georgia \n Michigan \n Nevada \n Pennsylvania \n Wisconsin \n Texas v. Pennsylvania \n Four Seasons Total Landscaping press conference \n
Controversies	\n Russian interference \n Voting restrictions \n

Vice presidents of the United States

John Adams (1789\u20131797)
Thomas Jefferson (1797\u20131801)
Aaron Burr (1801\u20131805)
George Clinton (1805\u20131812)
Elbridge Gerry (1813\u20131814)
Daniel D. Tompkins (1817\u20131825)
John C. Calhoun (1825\u20131832)
Martin Van Buren (1833\u20131837)
Richard M. Johnson (1837\u20131841)
John Tyler (1841)
George M. Dallas (1845\u20131849)
Millard Fillmore (1849\u20131850)
William R. King (1853)
John C. Breckinridge (1857\u20131861)
Hannibal Hamlin (1861\u20131865)
Andrew Johnson (1865)
Schuyler Colfax (1869\u20131873)
Henry Wilson (1873\u20131875)
William A. Wheeler (1877\u20131881)
Chester A. Arthur (1881)
Thomas A. Hendricks (1885)
Levi P. Morton (1889\u20131893)
Adlai Stevenson (1893\u20131897)
Garret Hobart (1897\u20131899)
Theodore Roosevelt (1901)
Charles W. Fairbanks (1905\u20131909)
James S. Sherman (1909\u20131912)
Thomas R. Marshall (1913\u20131921)
Calvin Coolidge (1921\u20131923)
Charles G. Dawes (1925\u20131929)
Charles Curtis (1929\u20131933)
John N. Garner (1933\u20131941)
Henry A. Wallace (1941\u20131945)
Harry S. Truman (1945)
Alben W. Barkley (1949\u20131953)
Richard Nixon (1953\u20131961)
Lyndon B. Johnson (1961\u20131963)
Hubert Humphrey (1965\u20131969)
Spiro Agnew (1969\u20131973)
Gerald Ford (1973\u20131974)
Nelson Rockefeller (1974\u20131977)
Walter Mondale (1977\u20131981)
George H. W. Bush (1981\u20131989)
Dan Quayle (1989\u20131993)
Al Gore (1993\u20132001)
Dick Cheney (2001\u20132009)
Joe Biden (2009\u20132017)
Mike Pence (2017\u20132021)
Kamala Harris (2021\u20132025)
JD Vance (2025\u2013present)

$\"\"$ Category
$\"\"$ List

Cabinet of President Joe Biden (2021\u20132025)

Cabinet
Vice President	\n Kamala Harris (2021\u20132025) \n
Secretary of State	\n Antony Blinken (2021\u20132025) \n
Secretary of the Treasury	\n Janet Yellen (2021\u20132025) \n
Secretary of Defense	\n Lloyd Austin (2021\u20132025) \n
Attorney General	\n Merrick Garland (2021\u20132025) \n
Secretary of the Interior	\n Deb Haaland (2021\u20132025) \n
Secretary of Agriculture	\n Tom Vilsack (2021\u20132025) \n
Secretary of Commerce	\n Gina Raimondo (2021\u20132025) \n
Secretary of Labor	\n Marty Walsh (2021\u20132023) \n Julie Su (acting) (2023\u20132025) \n
Secretary of Health and Human Services	\n Xavier Becerra (2021\u20132025) \n
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development	\n Marcia Fudge (2021\u20132024) \n Adrianne Todman (acting) (2024\u20132025) \n
Secretary of Transportation	\n Pete Buttigieg (2021\u20132025) \n
Secretary of Energy	\n Jennifer Granholm (2021\u20132025) \n
Secretary of Education	\n Miguel Cardona (2021\u20132025) \n
Secretary of Veterans Affairs	\n Denis McDonough (2021\u20132025) \n
Secretary of Homeland Security	\n Alejandro Mayorkas (2021\u20132025) \n

Cabinet-level
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency	\n Michael S. Regan (2021\u20132024) \n Jane Nishida (acting) (2025) \n
Director of the Office of Management and Budget	\n Shalanda Young (2021\u20132025) \n
Director of National Intelligence	\n Avril Haines (2021\u20132025) \n
Director of the Central Intelligence Agency	\n William J. Burns (2023\u20132025) \n
Trade Representative	\n Katherine Tai (2021\u20132025) \n
Ambassador to the United Nations	\n Linda Thomas-Greenfield (2021\u20132025) \n
Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers	\n Cecilia Rouse (2021\u20132023) \n Jared Bernstein (2023\u20132025) \n
Administrator of the Small Business Administration	\n Isabel Guzman (2021\u20132025) \n
Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy	\n Eric Lander (2021\u20132022) \n Arati Prabhakar (2022\u20132025) \n
White House Chief of Staff	\n Ron Klain (2021\u20132023) \n Jeff Zients (2023\u20132025) \n

v t e NAACP Image Award \u2013 Chairman's Award
1990s	\n Janet Jackson (1991) \n Ron Brown (1992) \n Maxine Waters and Joseph Madison (1996) \n Harry Belafonte (1998) \n
2000s	\n Aaron McGruder (2001) \n Danny Glover (2002) \n The Dave Matthews Band (2003) \n Barack Obama (2004) \n The Neville Brothers (2005) \n Bono (2006) \n Ruby Dee (2007) \n Al Gore & Wangari Maathai (2008) \n Tyler Perry (2009) \n
2010s	\n Cathy Hughes (2010) \n Michelle Howard (2012) \n Forest Whitaker (2013) \n Eric Holder (2014) \n Brittany \"Bree\" Newsome / Justice League NYC / Concerned Student 1950 Collective at the University of Missouri / The University of Mississippi NAACP College Chapter / Rev. Dr. Otis Moss III / Rev. Dr. Howard-John Wesley / Rev. Dr. Jamal Harrison Bryant / Jussie Smollett (2015) \n Charles Ogletree (2016) \n William Lucy (2017) \n Maxine Waters (2018) \n John Lewis (2019) \n
2020s	\n Rev. James Lawson (2020) \n Samuel L. Jackson (2021) \n Bennie Thompson (2022) \n Amanda Gorman (2023) \n Kamala Harris (2024) \n

v t e Time Persons of the Year
1927\u20131950	\n Charles Lindbergh (1927) \n Walter Chrysler (1928) \n Owen D. Young (1929) \n Mohandas Gandhi (1930) \n Pierre Laval (1931) \n Franklin D. Roosevelt (1932) \n Hugh S. Johnson (1933) \n Franklin D. Roosevelt (1934) \n Haile Selassie (1935) \n Wallis Simpson (1936) \n Chiang Kai-shek / Soong Mei-ling (1937) \n Adolf Hitler (1938) \n Joseph Stalin (1939) \n Winston Churchill (1940) \n Franklin D. Roosevelt (1941) \n Joseph Stalin (1942) \n George Marshall (1943) \n Dwight D. Eisenhower (1944) \n Harry S. Truman (1945) \n James F. Byrnes (1946) \n George Marshall (1947) \n Harry S. Truman (1948) \n Winston Churchill (1949) \n The American Fighting-Man (1950) \n
1951\u20131975	\n Mohammed Mosaddeq (1951) \n Elizabeth II (1952) \n Konrad Adenauer (1953) \n John Foster Dulles (1954) \n Harlow Curtice (1955) \n Hungarian Freedom Fighters (1956) \n Nikita Khrushchev (1957) \n Charles de Gaulle (1958) \n Dwight D. Eisenhower (1959) \n U.S. Scientists: George Beadle / Charles Draper / John Enders / Donald A. Glaser / Joshua Lederberg / Willard Libby / Linus Pauling / Edward Purcell / Isidor Rabi / Emilio Segr\u00e8 / William Shockley / Edward Teller / Charles Townes / James Van Allen / Robert Woodward (1960) \n John F. Kennedy (1961) \n Pope John XXIII (1962) \n Martin Luther King Jr. (1963) \n Lyndon B. Johnson (1964) \n William Westmoreland (1965) \n The Generation Twenty-Five and Under (1966) \n Lyndon B. Johnson (1967) \n The Apollo 8 Astronauts: William Anders / Frank Borman / Jim Lovell (1968) \n The Middle Americans (1969) \n Willy Brandt (1970) \n Richard Nixon (1971) \n Henry Kissinger / Richard Nixon (1972) \n John Sirica (1973) \n King Faisal (1974) \n American Women: Susan Brownmiller / Kathleen Byerly / Alison Cheek / Jill Conway / Betty Ford / Ella Grasso / Carla Hills / Barbara Jordan / Billie Jean King / Susie Sharp / Carol Sutton / Addie Wyatt (1975) \n
1976\u20132000	\n Jimmy Carter (1976) \n Anwar Sadat (1977) \n Deng Xiaoping (1978) \n Ayatollah Khomeini (1979) \n Ronald Reagan (1980) \n Lech Wa\u0142\u0119sa (1981) \n The Computer (1982) \n Ronald Reagan / Yuri Andropov (1983) \n Peter Ueberroth (1984) \n Deng Xiaoping (1985) \n Corazon Aquino (1986) \n Mikhail Gorbachev (1987) \n The Endangered Earth (1988) \n Mikhail Gorbachev (1989) \n George H. W. Bush (1990) \n Ted Turner (1991) \n Bill Clinton (1992) \n The Peacemakers: Yasser Arafat / F. W. de Klerk / Nelson Mandela / Yitzhak Rabin (1993) \n Pope John Paul II (1994) \n Newt Gingrich (1995) \n David Ho (1996) \n Andrew Grove (1997) \n Bill Clinton / Ken Starr (1998) \n Jeff Bezos (1999) \n George W. Bush (2000) \n
2001\u2013present	\n Rudolph Giuliani (2001) \n The Whistleblowers: Cynthia Cooper / Coleen Rowley / Sherron Watkins (2002) \n The American Soldier (2003) \n George W. Bush (2004) \n The Good Samaritans: Bono / Bill Gates / Melinda Gates (2005) \n You (2006) \n Vladimir Putin (2007) \n Barack Obama (2008) \n Ben Bernanke (2009) \n Mark Zuckerberg (2010) \n The Protester (2011) \n Barack Obama (2012) \n Pope Francis (2013) \n Ebola Fighters: Dr. Jerry Brown / Dr. Kent Brantly / Ella Watson-Stryker / Foday Gollah / Salome Karwah (2014) \n Angela Merkel (2015) \n Donald Trump (2016) \n The Silence Breakers (2017) \n The Guardians: Jamal Khashoggi / Maria Ressa / Wa Lone / Kyaw Soe Oo / Staff of The Capital (2018) \n Greta Thunberg (2019) \n Joe Biden / Kamala Harris (2020) \n Elon Musk (2021) \n Volodymyr Zelenskyy / Spirit of Ukraine (2022) \n Taylor Swift (2023) \n Donald Trump (2024) \n

v t e United States senators from California
Class 1	\n Fr\u00e9mont \n Weller \n Broderick \n Haun \n Latham \n Conness \n Casserly \n Hager \n Booth \n Miller \n Hearst \n Williams \n Hearst \n Felton \n White \n Bard \n Flint \n Works \n Johnson \n Knowland \n Engle \n Salinger \n Murphy \n Tunney \n Hayakawa \n Wilson \n Seymour \n Feinstein \n Butler \n Schiff \n	$\"United$
Class 3	\n Gwin \n McDougall \n Cole \n Sargent \n Farley \n Stanford \n Perkins \n Phelan \n Shortridge \n McAdoo \n Storke \n Downey \n Nixon \n Kuchel \n Cranston \n Boxer \n Harris \n Padilla \n

Attorneys general of California

$\"\"$

Democratic Party

History\n

National
conventions,
presidential
tickets,
and
presidential
primaries

1828 (None): Jackson/Calhoun
1832 (Baltimore): Jackson/Van Buren
1835 (Baltimore): Van Buren/R. Johnson
1840 (Baltimore): Van Buren/None
1844 (Baltimore): Polk/Dallas
1848 (Baltimore): Cass/Butler
1852 (Baltimore): Pierce/King
1856 (Cincinnati): Buchanan/Breckinridge
1860 (Charleston/Baltimore): Douglas/H. Johnson (Breckinridge/Lane, SD)
1864 (Chicago): McClellan/Pendleton
1868 (New York): Seymour/Blair
1872 (Baltimore): Greeley/Brown
1876 (St. Louis): Tilden/Hendricks
1880 (Cincinnati): Hancock/English
1884 (Chicago): Cleveland/Hendricks
1888 (St. Louis): Cleveland/Thurman
1892 (Chicago): Cleveland/Stevenson I
1896 (Chicago): W. Bryan/Sewall
1900 (Kansas City): W. Bryan/Stevenson I
1904 (St. Louis): Parker/H. Davis
1908 (Denver): W. Bryan/Kern
1912 (Baltimore): Wilson/Marshall\n
- primaries
1916 (St. Louis): Wilson/Marshall\n
- primaries
1920 (San Francisco): Cox/Roosevelt\n
- primaries
1924 (New York): J. Davis/C. Bryan\n
- primaries
1928 (Houston): Smith/Robinson\n
- primaries
1932 (Chicago): Roosevelt/Garner\n
- primaries
1936 (Philadelphia): Roosevelt/Garner\n
- primaries
1940 (Chicago): Roosevelt/Wallace\n
- primaries
1944 (Chicago): Roosevelt/Truman\n
- primaries
1948 (Philadelphia): Truman/Barkley\n
- primaries
1952 (Chicago): Stevenson II/Sparkman\n
- primaries
1956 (Chicago): Stevenson II/Kefauver\n
- primaries
1960 (Los Angeles): Kennedy/L. Johnson\n
- primaries
1964 (Atlantic City): L. Johnson/Humphrey\n
- primaries
1968 (Chicago): Humphrey/Muskie\n
- primaries
1972 (Miami Beach): McGovern/(Eagleton, Shriver)\n
- primaries
1976 (New York): Carter/Mondale\n
- primaries
1980 (New York): Carter/Mondale\n
- primaries
1984 (San Francisco): Mondale/Ferraro\n
- primaries
1988 (Atlanta): Dukakis/Bentsen\n
- primaries
1992 (New York): B. Clinton/Gore\n
- primaries
1996 (Chicago): B. Clinton/Gore\n
- primaries
2000 (Los Angeles): Gore/Lieberman\n
- primaries
2004 (Boston): Kerry/Edwards\n
- primaries
2008 (Denver): Obama/Biden\n
- primaries
2012 (Charlotte): Obama/Biden\n
- primaries
2016 (Philadelphia): H. Clinton/Kaine\n
- primaries
2020 (Milwaukee/other locations): Biden/Harris\n
- primaries
2024 (Chicago): Harris/Walz\n
- primaries

Presidential
administrations

Jackson (1829\u20131837)
Van Buren (1837\u20131841)
Polk (1845\u20131849)
Pierce (1853\u20131857)
Buchanan (1857\u20131861)
A. Johnson (1868\u20131869)
Cleveland (1885\u20131889; 1893\u20131897)
Wilson (1913\u20131921)
Roosevelt (1933\u20131941; 1941\u20131945)
Truman (1945\u20131953)
Kennedy (1961\u20131963)
L. B. Johnson (1963\u20131969)
Carter (1977\u20131981)
Clinton (1993\u20132001)
Obama (2009\u20132017)
Biden (2021\u20132025)

U.S. House
leaders,
Speakers,
and
Caucus
chairs

A. Stevenson (1827\u20131834)
Bell (1834\u20131835)
Polk (1835\u20131839)
J. W. Jones (1843\u20131845)
Davis (1845\u20131847)
Cobb (1849\u20131851)
Boyd (1851\u20131855)
G. W. Jones (1855\u20131857)
Orr (1857\u20131859)
Houston (1859\u20131861)
Niblack/Randall (1869\u20131871)
Niblack (1873\u20131875)
Kerr (1875\u20131876)
Randall (1876\u20131881)
Carlisle (1883\u20131889)
Holman (1889\u20131891)
Crisp (1891\u20131895)
D. B. Culberson (1895\u20131897)
Richardson (1897\u20131903)
Williams (1903\u20131909)
Clark (1909\u20131921)
Kitchin (1921\u20131923)
Garrett (1923\u20131929)
Garner (1929\u20131933)
Rainey (1933\u20131934)
Byrns (1935\u20131936)
Bankhead (1936\u20131940)
Rayburn (1940\u20131961)
McCormack (1962\u20131971)
Albert (1971\u20131977)
O'Neill (1977\u20131987)
Wright (1987\u20131989)
Foley (1989\u20131995)
Gephardt (1995\u20132003)
Pelosi (2003\u20132023)
Jeffries (2023\u2013present)

U.S. Senate
leaders
and
Caucus
chairs

J. W. Stevenson (1873\u20131877)
Wallace (1877\u20131881)
Pendleton (1881\u20131885)
Beck (1885\u20131890)
Gorman (1890\u20131898)
Turpie (1898\u20131899)
J. K. Jones (1899\u20131903)
Gorman (1903\u20131906)
Blackburn (1906\u20131907)
C. A. Culberson (1907\u20131909)
Money (1909\u20131911)
Martin (1911\u20131913)
Kern (1913\u20131917)
Martin (1917\u20131919)
Hitchcock (1919\u20131920)
Underwood (1920\u20131923)
Robinson (1923\u20131937)
Barkley (1937\u20131949)
Lucas (1949\u20131951)
McFarland (1951\u20131953)
Johnson (1953\u20131961)
Mansfield (1961\u20131977)
Byrd (1977\u20131989)
Mitchell (1989\u20131995)
Daschle (1995\u20132005)
Reid (2005\u20132017)
Schumer (2017\u2013present)

Chairs of
the DNC

State and
territorial
parties

Affiliated
groups

Congress	\n Senate Caucus\n Policy Committee \n Steering and Outreach Committee \n House Caucus \n Factions\n Blue Dog Coalition \n Congressional Progressive Caucus\n Squad \n Justice Democrats \n New Democrat Coalition \n Problem Solvers Caucus \n
Fundraising	\n Democratic Attorneys General Association \n Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee \n Democratic Governors Association \n Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee \n Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee \n National Conference of Democratic Mayors \n National Democratic Redistricting Committee \n
Sectional	\n College Democrats of America \n Democrats Abroad \n National Federation of Democratic Women \n Stonewall Democrats\n Stonewall Young Democrats \n Young Democrats of America \n High School Democrats of America \n

Primaries
Presidential candidates
Debates
Superdelegate
Chairmanship elections\n
- 2005
- 2017
- 2021
- 2025
House caucus leadership elections\n
- 2006
- 2018
Weekly Democratic Address

California's delegation(s) to the 115th\u2013117th United States Congress (ordered by seniority)

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

115th\n	Senate: \n \u258cD. Feinstein (D) \n \u258cK. Harris (D) \n \n	House: \n \u258cN. Pelosi (D) \n \u258cD. Rohrabacher (R) \n \u258cM. Waters (D) \n \u258cX. Becerra (D) \n \u258cK. Calvert (R) \n \u258cA. Eshoo (D) \n \u258cL. Roybal-Allard (D) \n \u258cE. Royce (R) \n \u258cZ. Lofgren (D) \n \u258cB. Sherman (D) \n \u258cB. Lee (D) \n \u258cG. Napolitano (D) \n \u258cM. Thompson (D) \n \u258cS. Davis (D) \n \u258cD. Issa (R) \n \u258cA. Schiff (D) \n \u258cD. Nunes (R) \n \u258cL. S\u00e1nchez (D) \n \u258cJ. Costa (D) \n \u258cD. Matsui (D) \n \u258cK. McCarthy (R) \n \u258cJ. McNerney (D) \n \u258cJ. Speier (D) \n \u258cD. D. Hunter (R) \n \u258cT. McClintock (R) \n \u258cJ. Chu (D) \n \u258cJ. Garamendi (D) \n \u258cK. Bass (D) \n \u258cJ. Denham (R) \n \u258cA. Bera (D) \n \u258cJ. Brownley (D) \n \u258cT. C\u00e1rdenas (D) \n \u258cP. Cook (R) \n \u258cJ. Huffman (D) \n \u258cD. LaMalfa (R) \n \u258cA. Lowenthal (D) \n \u258cS. Peters (D) \n \u258cR. Ruiz (D) \n \u258cE. Swalwell (D) \n \u258cM. Takano (D) \n \u258cD. Valadao (R) \n \u258cJ. Vargas (D) \n \u258cP. Aguilar (D) \n \u258cM. DeSaulnier (D) \n \u258cS. Knight (R) \n \u258cT. Lieu (D) \n \u258cN. Torres (D) \n \u258cM. Walters (R) \n \u258cN. Barrag\u00e1n (D) \n \u258cS. Carbajal (D) \n \u258cL. Correa (D) \n \u258cR. Khanna (D) \n \u258cJ. Panetta (D) \n \u258cJ. Gomez (D) \n \n
116th\n	Senate: \n \u258cD. Feinstein (D) \n \u258cK. Harris (D) \n \n	House: \n \u258cN. Pelosi (D) \n \u258cM. Waters (D) \n \u258cK. Calvert (R) \n \u258cA. Eshoo (D) \n \u258cL. Roybal-Allard (D) \n \u258cZ. Lofgren (D) \n \u258cB. Sherman (D) \n \u258cB. Lee (D) \n \u258cG. Napolitano (D) \n \u258cM. Thompson (D) \n \u258cS. Davis (D) \n \u258cA. Schiff (D) \n \u258cD. Nunes (R) \n \u258cL. S\u00e1nchez (D) \n \u258cJ. Costa (D) \n \u258cD. Matsui (D) \n \u258cK. McCarthy (R) \n \u258cJ. McNerney (D) \n \u258cJ. Speier (D) \n \u258cD. D. Hunter (R) \n \u258cT. McClintock (R) \n \u258cJ. Chu (D) \n \u258cJ. Garamendi (D) \n \u258cK. Bass (D) \n \u258cA. Bera (D) \n \u258cJ. Brownley (D) \n \u258cT. C\u00e1rdenas (D) \n \u258cP. Cook (R) \n \u258cJ. Huffman (D) \n \u258cD. LaMalfa (R) \n \u258cA. Lowenthal (D) \n \u258cS. Peters (D) \n \u258cR. Ruiz (D) \n \u258cE. Swalwell (D) \n \u258cM. Takano (D) \n \u258cJ. Vargas (D) \n \u258cP. Aguilar (D) \n \u258cM. DeSaulnier (D) \n \u258cT. Lieu (D) \n \u258cN. Torres (D) \n \u258cN. Barrag\u00e1n (D) \n \u258cS. Carbajal (D) \n \u258cL. Correa (D) \n \u258cR. Khanna (D) \n \u258cJ. Panetta (D) \n \u258cJ. Gomez (D) \n \u258cG. Cisneros (D) \n \u258cT. J. Cox (D) \n \u258cJ. Harder (D) \n \u258cK. Hill (D) \n \u258cM. Levin (D) \n \u258cK. Porter (D) \n \u258cH. Rouda (D) \n \u258cM. Garcia (R) \n \n
117th\n	Senate: \n \u258cD. Feinstein (D) \n \u258cK. Harris (D) \n \u258cA. Padilla (D) \n \n	House: \n \u258cN. Pelosi (D) \n \u258cM. Waters (D) \n \u258cK. Calvert (R) \n \u258cA. Eshoo (D) \n \u258cL. Roybal-Allard (D) \n \u258cZ. Lofgren (D) \n \u258cB. Sherman (D) \n \u258cB. Lee (D) \n \u258cG. Napolitano (D) \n \u258cM. Thompson (D) \n \u258cA. Schiff (D) \n \u258cD. Nunes (R) \n \u258cL. S\u00e1nchez (D) \n \u258cD. Issa (R) \n \u258cJ. Costa (D) \n \u258cD. Matsui (D) \n \u258cK. McCarthy (R) \n \u258cJ. McNerney (D) \n \u258cJ. Speier (D) \n \u258cT. McClintock (R) \n \u258cJ. Chu (D) \n \u258cJ. Garamendi (D) \n \u258cK. Bass (D) \n \u258cA. Bera (D) \n \u258cJ. Brownley (D) \n \u258cT. C\u00e1rdenas (D) \n \u258cJ. Huffman (D) \n \u258cD. LaMalfa (R) \n \u258cA. Lowenthal (D) \n \u258cS. Peters (D) \n \u258cR. Ruiz (D) \n \u258cE. Swalwell (D) \n \u258cM. Takano (D) \n \u258cJ. Vargas (D) \n \u258cP. Aguilar (D) \n \u258cM. DeSaulnier (D) \n \u258cT. Lieu (D) \n \u258cN. Torres (D) \n \u258cD. Valadao (R) \n \u258cN. Barrag\u00e1n (D) \n \u258cS. Carbajal (D) \n \u258cL. Correa (D) \n \u258cR. Khanna (D) \n \u258cJ. Panetta (D) \n \u258cJ. Gomez (D) \n \u258cJ. Harder (D) \n \u258cM. Levin (D) \n \u258cK. Porter (D) \n \u258cM. Garcia (R) \n \u258cS. Jacobs (D) \n \u258cY. Kim (R) \n \u258cJ. Obernolte (R) \n \u258cM. Steel (R) \n \u258cC. Conway (R) \n \n

Authority control databases $\"Edit$
International	ISNI VIAF FAST WorldCat
National	Germany United States France BnF data Japan Italy Czech Republic Russia 2 Spain Netherlands Norway Korea Poland Israel Catalonia
Academics	CiNii Scopus
Artists	MusicBrainz
People	US Congress Deutsche Biographie DDB
Other	IdRef NARA SNAC

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Early life and career

Early life and education

Early career

San Francisco district attorney (2002\u20132011)

Attorney general of California (2011\u20132017)

U.S. senator (2017\u20132021)

Election

Tenure and political positions

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

Committee assignments

Caucus memberships

2020 presidential election

Presidential campaign

Vice presidential campaign

Vice presidency (2021\u20132025)

Senate presidency

Immigration

Foreign policy

2024 presidential election

Presidential campaign

Post-vice presidency (2025\u2013present)

Political positions

Abortion

LGBT rights

Criminal justice

Personal life

Public image

Publications

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

Official

Other

Kamala Harris

From Wikipedia