Lewis Howard Latimer was born in Chelsea, Massachusetts, the son of George and Rebecca Latimer, both of whom had escaped slavery in Virginia. His parents' experience deeply influenced his views on equality and opportunity.

Lewis's father, George Latimer, escaped slavery in Norfolk, Virginia, with his wife Rebecca. This escape was a pivotal moment for the family and shaped their commitment to freedom and abolition.

George Latimer's recapture and subsequent legal battle became a significant event in the abolitionist movement. The case garnered national attention and contributed to the growing anti-slavery sentiment in the North.

Latimer attended public school, but his formal education was disrupted due to the family's financial struggles. He demonstrated an early aptitude for learning and a strong interest in drawing.

At the age of 16, Latimer enlisted in the Union Navy during the American Civil War, serving as a Landsman on the USS Massasoit. This experience provided him with valuable discipline and exposure to the world.