List of tornado outbreaks by Outbreak Intensity Score

In late 2023, American meteorologist and tornado expert Thomas P. Grazulis created the Outbreak Intensity Score (OIS) as a way to rank tornado outbreaks.^[1]^[2] For the score, only significant tornadoes are counted: F2/EF2 tornadoes receive 2 points each, F3/EF3 tornadoes receive 5 points each, F4/EF4 tornadoes receive 10 points each, and F5/EF5 tornadoes receive 15 points each.^[1] The number of total points determine the rating for the outbreak, which is broken up into seven categories.^[1]

Type of outbreak	Weak	Minor	Significant	Major	Devastating	Historic	Super
Number of points	2–6	7–10	11–29	30–79	80–119	120–249	250+

List

Super Outbreaks

There have been three tornado outbreaks which scored more than 250 points on the OIS, reaching the status of "Super Outbreak".^[1]

Super Outbreaks^[1]
Outbreak	OIS score	# of (E)F2s	# of (E)F3s	# of (E)F4s	# of (E)F5s	Total tornadoes	Deaths	Injuries	References
1974 Super Outbreak	578	34	35	23	7	148	319	5,454	^[1]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]
2011 Super Outbreak	383	49	23	11	4	368	324	2,892	^[1]^[8]^[9]^[10]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 25 – June 1, 1917	296	28	17	14	1	66+	383+	746+

Historic Outbreaks

There have been 44 tornado outbreaks which scored at least 120 points, but less than 249 on the OIS, reaching the status of "Historic Outbreak".^[1]

Historic outbreaks^[1]
Outbreak	OIS score	# of (E)F2s	# of (E)F3s	# of (E)F4s	# of (E)F5s	Total tornadoes	Deaths	Injuries	References
1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak	238	14	6	18	0	55	266	3,662	^[1]^[11]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2003	232	36	20	6	0	363	42	652	^[1]^[12]^[13]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 14–31, 1962	209	47	15	4	0	188	3	168
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 1896	199	17	12	6	3	38+	501+	1,914+
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 6–27, 1995	188	39	14	4	0	279	13	500+	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of November 21–23, 1992	187	26	15	6	0	95	26	641	^[1]^[6]^[14]^[15]
Tornado outbreak of June 14–18, 1992	186	33	15	3	1	170	1	110	^[1]^[16]^[17]
Tornado outbreak of April 2–3, 1956	185	25	8	8	1	55	39	790
1932 Deep South tornado outbreak	182	16	10	10	0	38	330	2,141	^[18]^[19]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 1982	174	42	16	1	0	329	14	18+	^[1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 22–31, 1973	172	41	10	4	0	145	24	820	^[1]^[13]^[20]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2019	172	31	18	2	0	402	8	288	^[1]^[21]^[22]
Tornado outbreak of May 1927	169	17	8	8	1	34+	217+	1,156+
Tornado outbreak of March 21–22, 1952	169	7	11	10	0	30	204	1,155	^[1]^[23]
Early May 1965 tornado outbreak	169	22	6	8	1	72	17	770
1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak	169	7	12	8	1	44	90	875	^[1]^[24]^[25]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 21–26, 2011	162	31	8	3	2	239	178	1,630	^[1]^[26]
Tornado outbreak of April 20–22, 1912	159	12	9	9	0	32+	56+	410+
May 1960 tornado outbreak sequence	157	26	10	4	1	71	33	302	^[1]^[27]
Tornado outbreak of March 16–17, 1942	156	8	13	6	1	30+	149	1,312+
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 25 – May 3, 1954	154	37	10	3	0	100	4	167
Tornado outbreak sequence of March 18–27, 1948	153	19	11	6	0	36	80	896
1920 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak	150	15	8	8	0	37+	153+	1,215+
Tornado outbreak of March 13–16, 2025	147	31	11	3	0	117	23	65+
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 1983	146	33	16	0	0	157	6	2+	^[1]
1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak	145	20	10	4	1	152	50	895	^[1]^[28]^[13]
Tornado outbreak of April 29 – May 1, 1909	140	30	8	4	0	43+	181+	770+
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 18–27, 1957	140	30	8	4	0	117	2	33
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 4–8, 1964	140	35	7	2	1	73	15	383
Enigma tornado outbreak	135	25	9	4	0	51+	180+	1,056+	^[29]
2020 Easter tornado outbreak	133	19	13	3	0	141	32	257	^[1]^[30]^[31]^[32]
Tornado outbreak of April 27–29, 1912	130	10	6	8	0	26	47+	175+
Tornado outbreak of March 31 – April 1, 2023	129	32	11	1	0	147	26	218+	^[1]^[33]
Tornado outbreak of April 14–16, 2011	129	32	13	0	0	178	38	588	^[1]
June 1990 Lower Ohio Valley tornado outbreak	129	17	5	7	0	66	9	253	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of April 2–3, 1982	128	14	11	3	1	63	30	433	^[1]^[34]
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 19–21, 1973	127	26	9	3	0	68	2	106	^[1]
Flint–Worcester tornado outbreak sequence	126	13	7	5	1	50	251	2,619
March 1990 Central United States tornado outbreak	126	13	10	2	2	64	2	89	^[1]^[35]
1991 Great Plains tornado outbreak	126	18	7	4	1	55	21	313	^[1]
1908 Dixie tornado outbreak	124	22	3	5	1	31+	324+	1,720+
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 3–9, 1961	123	29	9	2	0	73	23	126
Tornado outbreak sequence of December 18–20, 1957	122	16	9	3	1	37	19	291
May 1957 Central Plains tornado outbreak sequence	120	20	7	3	1	57	59	341

Devastating Outbreaks

There have been several tornado outbreaks which scored at least 80 points, but less than 120 on the OIS, reaching the status of "Devastating Outbreak".^[1]

Devastating Outbreaks^[1]
Outbreak	OIS score	# of (E)F2s	# of (E)F3s	# of (E)F4s	# of (E)F5s	Total tornadoes	Deaths	Injuries	References
Tornado outbreak of June 5–6, 1916	115	20	13	1	0	35+	143+	756+
Tornado outbreak of March 27, 1890	114	12	6	6	0	24+	187+	846+
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 19–27, 2024	112	21	12	1	0	247	21	243
1984 Carolinas tornado outbreak	109	7	5	7	0	24	57	1,249	^[1]
2008 Super Tuesday tornado outbreak	107	16	5	5	0	87	57	425	^[1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2004	106	23	8	2	0	389	7	123	^[1]^[36]
Tornado outbreak of May 1968	105	10	7	2	2	46	72	1,203
Tornado outbreak of March 20–21, 1976	104	17	8	3	0	66	3	189	^[1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 4–10, 1933	102	16	8	3	0	33+	128	644+
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 2–5, 1957	102	26	6	2	0	73	21	341
March 1875 Southeast tornado outbreak	101	3	5	7	0	19+	96+	377+
April 1924 tornado outbreak	101	13	11	2	0	28+	114	1,166+
Tornado outbreak of April 30 – May 2, 1967	101	21	4	4	0	38	13	90
Tornado outbreak of November 17, 2013	101	23	7	2	0	77	8	190+	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of April 15–16, 1998	100	10	7	3	1	63	12	120	^[1]
1967 Oak Lawn tornado outbreak	99	17	3	5	0	45	58	1,418
Tornado outbreak of May 22–27, 2008	98	14	9	1	1	173	13	215	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of April 1880	97	16	3	5	0	25+	166+	516+
Tornado outbreak sequence of March 9–13, 2006	97	16	11	1	0	99	10	183	^[1]^[37]
Tornado outbreak of April 27–30, 2014	97	16	9	2	0	82	35	447	^[1]
Tornado outbreak and floods of April 2–7, 2025	96	33	6	0	0	145+	10	47+
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 8–12, 1959	95	20	7	2	0	60	7	34
Tornado outbreak of April 12, 1945	94	7	5	4	1	17	128	1,001	^[3]^[38]^[39]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 1971	94	22	8	1	0	76	6	242	^[3]
Tornado outbreak sequence of June 21–26, 1969	93	14	7	3	0	63	7	65+
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 1996	93	19	11	0	0	118	6	200+	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of March 2–3, 2012	93	14	9	2	0	70	41	300+	^[1]
1953 Waco tornado outbreak	91	8	4	4	1	33	144	895
Tornado outbreak of June 7–8, 1984	91	23	4	1	1	46	13	322	^[1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 7–11, 2008	91	23	5	2	0	120	25	419	^[1]
1979 Red River Valley tornado outbreak	90	25	4	2	0	61	58	1,927	^[1]
2002 Veterans Day weekend tornado outbreak	90	20	8	1	0	76	36	303	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of June 16–18, 2014	89	12	3	5	0	76	2	28	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of April 21–23, 1883	87	11	5	4	0	29+	122+	771+
Tornado outbreak sequence of June 9–14, 1967	87	26	3	2	0	103	5	15+
Tornado outbreak of April 25–28, 2024	87	16	7	2	0	162	6	156+	^[40]
Tornado outbreak sequence of March 26–31, 1961	86	18	10	0	0	47	3	80
1913 Easter tornado outbreak	85	5	3	6	0	15+	192	853+
Tornado outbreak of March 13–14, 1913	84	12	6	3	0	23+	76+	301+
1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak	84	2	7	3	1	14+	454+	2,498+
Tornado outbreak of November 23–24, 2001	83	19	3	3	0	69	13	219	^[1]
April 1920 tornado outbreak	82	6	2	6	0	17+	243+	1,374+
Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 2021	82	16	6	2	0	71	89	676	^[1]^[41]
1955 Great Plains tornado outbreak	81	13	3	1	2	48	102	554
Tornado outbreak sequence of June 1966	81	18	2	2	1	57	18	543
Tornado outbreak sequence of June 10–16, 1970	81	18	7	1	0	82	3	73	^[3]
Tornado outbreak of June 8, 1974	81	8	9	2	0	36	22	477	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of January 21–23, 1999	81	13	9	1	0	128	9	162	^[1]^[42]
1886 St. Cloud–Sauk Rapids tornado outbreak	80	10	4	4	0	18+	87+	324+
1967 St. Louis tornado outbreak	80	15	6	2	0	30	7	268
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 17–19, 1970	80	10	2	5	0	33	26	68	^[3]

Major Outbreaks

There have been several tornado outbreaks which scored at least 30 points, but 79 or less on the OIS, reaching the status of "Major Outbreak".^[1]

Major outbreaks^[1]
Outbreak	OIS score	# of (E)F2s	# of (E)F3s	# of (E)F4s	# of (E)F5s	Total tornadoes	Deaths	Injuries	References
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 28 – May 2, 1953	79	7	3	5	0	24	36	361
Tornado outbreak of April 9–11, 2009	79	12	9	1	0	85	5	112	^[1]
June 2010 Northern Plains tornado outbreak	78	9	4	4	0	93	3	43	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of April 28–30, 1963	77	16	7	1	0	37	13	72
Tornado outbreak of April 18–21, 1974	76	18	6	1	0	36	2	1+	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of May 18–21, 2025	76	13	10	0	0	123	0	10+
Tornado outbreak of June 1881	74	2	4	5	0	11+	20+	141+
Tornado outbreak of March 28–31, 1976	73	14	5	2	0	35	10	1+	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of April 30 – May 1, 1949	71	8	9	1	0	24+	10	103
March 1997 tornado outbreak	71	8	5	3	0	39	27	464	^[1]^[43]^[44]
Tornado outbreak of May 4–6, 2007	70	15	5	0	1	132	14	89	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of May 23–24, 1946	69	7	5	3	0	17+	4	42
1980 Grand Island tornado outbreak	68	9	4	3	0	29	6	413	^[1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 22–26, 2016	68	9	8	1	0	98	0	11+	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of May 2, 1942	67	1	1	6	0	8+	31	172+
Tornado outbreak of May 20–21, 1949	67	6	3	4	0	46+	56	0+
Tornado outbreak of May 6–8, 1973	66	23	1	0	1	47	2	41	^[3]
Late-May 1998 tornado outbreak and derecho	66	13	6	1	0	60	7	233+
Tornado outbreak of April 8–9, 1999	66	8	4	3	0	54	6	100	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of May 10–13, 2010	66	13	4	2	0	91	3	127	^[1]
December 2021 Midwest derecho and tornado outbreak	66	33	0	0	0	120	5	3	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of April 9, 1919	65	5	3	4	0	12	92+	412
Tornado outbreak sequence of November 13–17, 1958	65	20	5	0	0	43	0	37
Tornado outbreak of June 7–9, 1993	65	10	5	2	0	107	1	1+	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of February 21–22, 1971	64	7	3	2	1	19+	123	1,592	^[3]
Tornado outbreak of April 27–28, 2002	64	12	6	1	0	48	6	256	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of February 11–13, 1950	63	14	5	1	0	24	41+	228
1975 Omaha tornado outbreak	63	14	3	2	0	36	3	137+	^[1]
1994 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak	63	4	7	2	0	29	40	491	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of February 28 – March 2, 2007	63	9	3	3	0	57	20	98	^[1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of June 3–11, 2008	63	14	5	1	0	192	7	84	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of March 12–15, 1953	62	11	6	1	0	23	21	72
Tornado outbreak of April 23–27, 1970	62	11	6	1	0	34	3	26+	^[3]
Tornado outbreak of December 23–25, 1982	62	16	4	1	0	44	1	11+	^[1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 30 – June 3, 1954	61	18	3	1	0	39	9	65
Tornado outbreak of April 8, 1957	61	8	5	2	0	18	7	203
Tornado outbreak of December 17–21, 1967	61	13	5	1	0	30	6	110
Tornado outbreak of April 21–24, 1968	61	8	2	2	1	26	14	525
Tornado outbreak sequence of December 1–6, 1953	60	10	3	1	1	19	49	404
Tornado outbreak of April 2–4, 1968	60	15	2	2	0	31	12	0+
Tornado outbreak of April 19–22, 1972	60	10	6	1	0	28	8	42	^[3]
Tri-State tornado outbreak	59	2	4	2	1	12+	751	2,298
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 23–30, 1961	59	12	5	1	0	30	3	38
Tornado outbreak sequence of June 17–23, 1964	59	12	5	1	0	52	0	37
Tornado outbreak of March 25–26, 1949	58	9	4	2	0	15+	25+	180+
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 26–30, 1971	58	9	4	2	0	30	10	187	^[3]
Tornado outbreak of April 22–25, 2010	58	9	4	2	0	88	10	184	^[1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 5–8, 1954	57	11	5	1	0	25	1	22
Hurricane Carla tornado outbreak	57	6	7	1	0	21	14	337
Tornado outbreak of March 13–17, 1982	57	11	7	0	0	23	4	1+	^[1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 15–16, 2025	57	11	3	2	0	55	27	38-45
Tornado outbreak of February 5–6, 1942	56	18	4	0	0	22+	15	114
Tornado outbreak of March 26, 1976	56	3	3	2	1	17	4	89	^[1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 12–18, 1960	55	10	7	0	0	37	4	60
Tornado outbreak of April 28–30, 1947	54	7	4	2	0	13+	24+	0+
Tornado outbreak sequence of July 1–10, 1955	54	7	2	3	0	28	4	48
Tornado outbreak sequence of January 7–11, 2008	54	7	8	0	0	73	4	62	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of May 26–31, 2013	54	12	6	0	0	134	9	172	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of November 7–8, 1957	53	9	5	1	0	28	12	213
Tornado outbreak sequence of March 4–8, 1961	53	14	5	0	0	44	2	152
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 29 – May 2, 1972	53	4	7	1	0	21	0	12	^[3]
Tornado outbreak of November 20–21, 1900	52	6	4	2	0	14+	97+	388+
Tornado outbreak of November 16–19, 1957	52	11	2	2	0	32	10	84
1967 Hurricane Beulah tornado outbreak	52	6	8	0	0	120	5	41
2009 South American tornado outbreak	52	6	4	2	0	28	15	1+	^[45]^[46]^[47]^[48]
Tornado outbreak of January 4–6, 1946	51	3	3	3	0	10+	47	412+
Tornado outbreak of October 14–15, 1966	51	13	2	0	1	23	6	225
Tornado outbreak of May 6–10, 2024	51	13	3	1	0	162	3	87-91+	^[49]
Tornado outbreak of January 29–30, 1947	50	10	4	1	0	15+	13+	24+
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 12–17, 1957	50	10	4	1	0	50	23	105
Tornado outbreak of May 18–21, 2013	50	5	1	2	1	78	26	229	^[1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of March 24–28, 2021	50	10	4	1	0	43	7	37+	^[1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of September 26–29, 1959	49	12	1	2	0	36	2	47
2012 Leap Day tornado outbreak	49	17	1	1	0	42	15	193	^[1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 17–20, 1960	48	9	2	2	0	63	1	108
2003 South Dakota tornado outbreak	48	9	2	2	0	125	2	19	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of January 3, 1949	47	6	5	1	0	14+	60+	504
Tornado outbreak of March 24–25, 1954	47	16	1	1	0	28	2	11
1944 Appalachians tornado outbreak	47	1	3	3	0	7+	154+	1,044
Tornado outbreak of March 10–12, 1963	47	11	1	2	0	18	6	38
Tornado outbreak of April 12–14, 1964	47	6	3	2	0	23	7	75
1967 European tornado outbreak	47	1	4	1	1	8+	17	80+
Tornado outbreak of December 1–3, 1982	47	6	7	0	0	38	2	0+	^[1]
2008 Atlanta tornado outbreak	47	16	3	0	0	46	3	53	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of June 5–6, 2010	47	11	3	1	0	53	8	68	^[1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 15–20, 1946	46	3	2	3	0	8+	8+	53+
Tornado outbreak of June 3–4, 1958	46	3	1	2	1	13	28	175
1997 Central Texas tornado outbreak	46	3	3	1	1	20	28	30	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of April 2, 2006	46	8	6	0	0	66	27	348	^[1]^[50]
Tornado outbreak of April 9–11, 2011	46	8	4	1	0	49	0	21	^[1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 5–10, 2015	46	8	6	0	0	127	5	67	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of March 16–18, 1965	45	5	5	1	0	24	2	129
Tornado outbreak of June 13, 1976	45	5	2	1	1	16	2	1+	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of April 1977	45	10	2	0	1	22	24	158	^[1]
May 1989 tornado outbreak	45	5	1	3	0	16	7	168	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of November 22–24, 2004	45	15	3	0	0	104	4	39	^[1]^[51]^[52]^[53]
Tornado outbreak of October 17–19, 2007	45	15	3	0	0	63	5	28	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of March 28–31, 2007	45	10	5	0	0	81	5	26	^[1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 19–24, 2011	45	15	1	1	0	134	0	14	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of April 4–7, 2022	45	10	3	1	0	89	1	17+	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of December 12–15, 2022	45	20	1	0	0	77	3	64	^[1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 21–24, 1955	44	12	2	1	0	27	6	29
Tornado outbreak of December 14–15, 1971	44	17	2	0	0	40	2	119	^[3]
Tornado outbreak of April 25–27, 1982	44	7	6	0	0	13+	0	0+	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of November 4–5, 2022	44	7	2	2	0	31	2	34+	^[1]
1929 Rye Cove tornado outbreak	43	9	5	0	0	17	42+	323+
Great Storm of 1975	43	14	1	1	0	45	12	377	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of April 23, 2000	43	14	3	0	0	33	0	12	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of June 18–22, 2011	43	9	5	0	0	78	0	4	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of December 16–17, 2019	43	9	5	0	0	41	3	14+	^[1]
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 2–8, 1964	42	11	1	0	1	33	7	119
Tornado outbreak of November 25–27, 1965	42	6	6	0	0	18	1	26
Tornado outbreak of February 22–24, 1975	42	11	2	1	0	23	3	1+	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of May 22–23, 1981	42	11	2	1	0	43	0	12	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of May 7–10, 2016	42	6	4	1	0	57	2	19	^[1]
1947 Glazier–Higgins–Woodward tornado outbreak	41	8	0	1	1	12+	185+	990+
Tornado outbreak of May 24–25, 1957	41	8	3	1	0	45	4	10
Tornado outbreak of April 28–30, 1960	41	8	5	0	0	19	3	79
Tornado outbreak of April 19, 1976	41	8	2	0	1	16	0	11	^[1]
Hurricane Ivan tornado outbreak	41	18	1	0	0	120	7	24+	^[1]^[54]
Tornado outbreak of April 13–16, 2012	41	3	5	1	0	113	6	101	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of February 28 – March 1, 2017	41	8	3	1	0	71	4	38	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of March 21–23, 2022	41	13	3	0	0	85	3	68	^[1]
1936 Cordele–Greensboro tornado outbreak	40	5	0	3	0	13+	49+	149+
Tornado outbreak of April 18, 1969	40	5	4	1	0	15	2	0+
Tornado outbreak of April 25–27, 1994	40	10	0	2	0	101	6	1+	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of April 13–15, 2019	40	15	2	0	0	75	3	65	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of March 12–13, 1961	39	12	3	0	0	25	2	84
Tornado outbreak of September 24–25, 1973	39	2	5	1	0	8	3	66	^[3]
Tornado outbreak of April 6–9, 1998	39	7	2	0	1	62	41	250+	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of November 15, 2005	39	7	3	1	0	49	1	108	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of November 27–28, 2005	39	12	3	0	0	73	2	15	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of April 30 – May 2, 2010	39	12	3	0	0	60	5	31	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of June 4–5, 1955	38	4	2	2	0	46	0	0
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 12–14, 1956	38	9	0	2	0	19	4	162
Tornado outbreak of March 31 – April 2, 1959	38	4	4	1	0	17	7	83
Tornado outbreak of July 1–3, 1997	38	9	4	0	0	52	2	100	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of March 6–8, 1956	37	11	1	1	0	17	1	42
Tornado outbreak of February 13, 1952	37	6	3	1	0	15	5	102
Tornado outbreak sequence of April 1–6, 1958	37	6	5	0	0	32	3	40
Tornado outbreak of May 10, 1985	37	1	3	2	0	10	0+	0+
Tornado outbreak of May 30 – June 1, 1999	37	6	5	0	0	59	3	1+	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of April 10–11, 2001	37	16	1	0	0	79	4	18	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of January 21–23, 2017	37	11	3	0	0	81	20	204	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of March 24–27, 2023	37	6	3	1	0	35	23	236	^[1]^[55]^[56]
Tornado outbreak of March 20–21, 1913	36	13	0	1	0	16+	53	156+
1944 South Dakota–Minnesota tornado outbreak	36	3	1	1	1	6+	13+	560+
Tornado outbreak of February 12, 1945	36	3	4	1	0	8	45	427	^[3]^[57]
Tornado outbreak of October 29–30, 1956	36	3	4	1	0	16	0	7
Tornado outbreak of August 6, 1969	36	8	2	1	0	14	15+	109
March 1917 tornado outbreak	35	5	3	1	0	9+	47+	300+
Tornado outbreak of November 15–16, 1955	35	5	5	0	0	18	1	35
Tornado outbreak of April 1–2, 1974	35	10	3	0	0	23	4	72	^[1]
1985 Hurricane Danny tornado outbreak	35	10	3	0	0	46	1	7+
Tornado outbreak of May 1–3, 2008	35	10	3	0	0	60	6	45	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of March 9–11, 1973	34	7	2	1	0	16	7	132	^[3]
Tornado outbreak of March 10–12, 1986	34	12	2	0	0	41	6	122
Tornado outbreak of June 2, 1998	34	7	2	1	0	33	22	77	^[1]
2008 Poland tornado outbreak	34	2	4	1	0	12	2	55+
Tornado outbreak sequence of June 14–19, 2023	34	12	2	0	0	93	4	120
Tornado outbreak of May 17, 1949	33	4	3	1	0	8+	1+	0+
Tornado outbreak sequence of January 21–22, 1957	33	9	1	1	0	16	13	31
Tornado outbreak sequence of August 24–31, 1964	33	9	1	1	0	26	2	12
Tornado outbreak of February 11, 1965	33	9	3	0	0	15	0	28
Tornado outbreak of December 16, 2000	33	9	1	1	0	24	12	186	^[1]
2010 New Year's Eve tornado outbreak	33	4	5	0	0	37	9	32	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of March 29–31, 2022	33	9	3	0	0	90	2	17	^[1]
Great Blue Norther of November 11, 1911	32	6	2	1	0	13+	16	101+
Tornado outbreak of May 11, 1947	32	1	4	1	0	6	1	22
Tornado outbreak sequence of May 27 – June 2, 1958	32	11	2	0	0	23	0	3
Tornado outbreak of April 14–15, 1965	32	6	4	0	0	16	1	58
Tornado outbreak sequence of September 20–23, 1965	32	6	4	0	0	26	0	4
Tornado outbreak of April 12–13, 1967	32	16	0	0	0	30	0	9
Tornado outbreak of January 12, 2023	32	11	2	0	0	44	8	53
1881 Minnesota tornado outbreak	31	3	1	2	0	6+	24	123+
Tornado outbreak of September 29, 1927	31	8	3	0	0	15	82+	620+
St. Louis tornado outbreak of February 1959	31	3	3	1	0	17	21	358
Tornado outbreak of June 22–24, 1960	31	8	3	0	0	18	0	10
Tornado outbreak of March 4, 1964	31	3	3	1	0	8	4	44
1984 Soviet Union tornado outbreak	31	3	1	2	0	11	403	804	^[58]
November 1989 tornado outbreak	31	8	1	1	0	40	30	523	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of September 21–23, 2006	31	8	1	1	0	48	0	14+	^[1]^[59]^[60]
October 2013 North American storm complex	31	3	1	2	0	22	3	17+	^[1]
Tornado outbreak and floods of April 28 – May 1, 2017	31	8	1	1	0	75	5	70	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of February 24–25, 1956	30	10	0	1	0	23	6	47
Tornado outbreak of February 26–27, 1958	30	5	4	0	0	16	13	92
Tornado outbreak of March 26–27, 1950	30	10	2	0	0	16	1	52
Tornado outbreak sequence of June 20–23, 1957	30	5	1	0	1	23	11	105
Tornado outbreak of May 4–6, 1959	30	15	0	0	0	50	0	2
Tornado outbreak of December 10–11, 1967	30	10	2	0	0	22	2	103
Tornado outbreak of March 12, 1971	30	0	4	1	0	10	1	5	^[3]
1978 Bossier City tornado outbreak	30	5	2	1	0	11	5	277	^[1]
May 2009 Southern Midwest derecho	30	10	2	0	0	39	4	5+	^[1]
Late-May 2010 tornado outbreak	30	10	0	1	0	80	0	0	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of December 23–25, 2015	30	5	2	1	0	38	13	77	^[1]
Tornado outbreak of February 23–24, 2016	30	5	4	0	0	61	7	136	^[1]
August 2017 Chinese tornado family	30	0	0	3	0	3	5	58+	^[61]
Tornado outbreak sequence of June 20–26, 2023	30	10	2	0	0	114	5	126

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw ^cx ^cy ^cz ^da ^db ^dc ^dd ^de ^df ^dg ^dh ^di ^dj ^dk ^dl ^dm ^dn ^do ^dp ^dq ^dr ^ds ^dt ^du ^dv ^dw ^dx ^dy ^dz ^ea ^eb ^ec ^ed ^ee ^ef ^eg ^eh Grazulis, Thomas P. (2023). Significant Tornadoes 1974–2022. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project. ISBN 978-1-879362-01-7.
^ Grazulis, Thomas (August 29, 2023). "The Outbreaks Section". Tornado Project. Archived from the original on August 29, 2023. Retrieved August 29, 2023.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Grazulis, Thomas P. (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes, 1680–1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.
^ National Weather Service. "The Super Outbreak of April 3-4, 1974" (Historiography). Wilmington, Ohio: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
^ Locatelli, John D.; Stoelinga, Mark T.; Hobbs, Peter V. (June 2002). "A New Look at the Super Outbreak of Tornadoes on 3–4 April 1974". Monthly Weather Review. 130 (6). University of Washington via the American Meteorological Society: 1633–1651. Bibcode:2002MWRv..130.1633L. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<1633:ANLATS>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493.
^ ^a ^b Schneider, Russell S.; Schaefer, Joseph T.; Brooks, Harold E. (2004). "Tornado outbreak days: An updated and expanded climatology (1875-2003)" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Publications. 1 (1). The Storm Prediction Center and the National Severe Storms Laboratory. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
^
Additional references for the 1974 Super Outbreak:
- "What The 1974 Super Outbreak Taught Us About Tornadoes And Forecasting". The Weather Channel. March 28, 2024. Retrieved March 28, 2024.
- "1974 Super Outbreak: The 50th Anniversary of Roanoke's strongest tornado". WDBJ 7. March 8, 2024. Retrieved March 28, 2024.
^ National Centers for Environmental Information (April 25, 2017). "On This Day: 2011 Tornado Super Outbreak". Asheville, North Carolina: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
^ Knox, John A.; Rackley, Jared A.; Black, Alan W.; Gensini, Vittorio A.; Butler, Michael; Dunn, Corey; Gallo, Taylor; Hunter, Melyssa R.; Lindsey, Lauren; Phan, Minh; Scroggs, Robert; Brustad, Synne (September 2013). "Tornado Debris Characteristics And Trajectories During The 27 April 2011 Super Outbreak As Determined Using Social Media Data". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 94 (9). American Meteorological Society: 1371–1380. Bibcode:2013BAMS...94.1371K. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00036.1. ISSN 1520-0477.
^
Additional references for the 2011 Super Outbreak:
- "Super Outbreak of 2011: 350 tornadoes killed 321 people". Fox Weather. April 26, 2022. Retrieved March 28, 2024.
^ Fujita, Tetsuya T.; Bradbury, Dorothy L.; Thullenar, C. F. Van (January 1970). "Palm Sunday Tornadoes of April 11, 1965". Monthly Weather Review. 98 (1). United States Department of Commerce: 29–69. Bibcode:1970MWRv...98...29F. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1970)098<0029:PSTOA>2.3.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493.
^ Hamill, Thomas M.; Schneider, Russell S.; Brooks, Harold E.; Forbes, Gregory S.; Bluestein, Howard B.; Steinberg, Michael; Meléndez, Daniel; Dole, Randall M. (April 2005). "The May 2003 Extended Tornado Outbreak". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 86 (4). American Meteorological Society: 531–542. Bibcode:2005BAMS...86..531H. doi:10.1175/BAMS-86-4-531. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
^ ^a ^b ^c Belles, Jonathan; Wiltgen, Nick (April 28, 2018). "5 May Tornado Outbreaks That Had The Biggest Impacts" (News article). Atlanta, United States: The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
^ National Weather Service. "NWS Jackson, MS--November 21-22, 1992 Tornado Outbreak". Jackson, Mississippi: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
^ Tungesvick, Kevin; Pytlak, Erik (December 1993). "A case study of the 22 November 1992 Ohio Valley tornado outbreak". Eastern Region Technical Attachment (National Weather Service (U.S.)). 93 (12B). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
^ Frosig, Greg (1994). "16 June 1992 Chandler Tornado and Subsequent Derecho Development". St. Cloud State University Publications.
^ National Weather Service. "Chandler-Lake Wilson Minnesota F5 Tornado of June 16, 1992". Sioux Falls, South Dakota: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
^ "Super Outbreak - March 21, 1932". 1932 Super Outbreak. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 28, 2024.
^ "Southeast U.S. Severe Thunderstorm Climatology and 1932 Tornado Outbreak - ProQuest". The University of Memphis ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. December 2019. ProQuest 2377258693. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
^ Ostby, Frederick P.; Pearson, Allen D. (February 1974). "The Tornado Season of 1973". Weatherwise. 27 (1). National Severe Storms Forecast Center via Taylor & Francis: 4–9. Bibcode:1974Weawi..27a...4O. doi:10.1080/00431672.1974.9931674. ISSN 0043-1672. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
^ National Weather Service. "Tornado Outbreak - May 27-28, 2019". Wilmington, Ohio: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
^ Gensini, Vittorio A.; Gold, David; Allen, John T.; Barrett, Bradford S. (August 28, 2019). "Extended U.S. Tornado Outbreak During Late May 2019: A Forecast of Opportunity". Geophysical Research Letters. 46 (16). Northern Illinois University, International Business Machines Corporation, Central Michigan University, and the United States Naval Academy via the American Geophysical Union: 10150–10158. Bibcode:2019GeoRL..4610150G. doi:10.1029/2019GL084470.
^ Carr, J. A. (March 1952). "A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE TORNADOES OF MARCH 21–22, 1952". Monthly Weather Review. 80 (3). WBAN AnalysIs Center & United States Weather Bureau: 50–58. Bibcode:1952MWRv...80...50C. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1952)080<0050:APROTT>2.0.CO;2. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
^ National Weather Service (2020). "May 31, 1985 Tornado Outbreak: 35th Anniversary" (Historiography). State College, Pennsylvania: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
^ National Weather Service. "The Tornado Outbreak of May 31, 1985". Cleveland, Ohio: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
^ Simmons, Kevin M.; Sutter, Daniel (2012). Deadly season: analysis of the 2011 tornado outbreaks. Boston, Mass: American Meteorological Society. ISBN 978-1-878220-25-7.
^ Beebe, Robert (February 1, 1961). "Tornadoes During 1960". Weatherwise. 14 (1). Midwest Weather Service via Taylor & Francis: 16–29. Bibcode:1961Weawi..14a..16B. doi:10.1080/00431672.1961.9933184. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
^ Quoetone, Elizabeth M.; Andra, David L.; Bunting, William F.; Jones, Debra G. (October 2001). "Impacts of Technology and Situation Awareness on Decision Making: Operational Observations from National Weather Service Warning Forecasters During the Historic May 3 1999 Tornado Outbreak". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. 45 (4). Warning Decision Training Division, National Weather Service, and SA Technologies, Inc via Sage Publishing: 419–424. doi:10.1177/154193120104500433. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
^ National Weather Service. "Enigma Tornado Outbreak of February 19, 1884". Birmingham, Alabama: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
^ National Weather Service. "Tornado Outbreak of April 12, 2020". Birmingham, Alabama: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
^ South Carolina State Climatology Office (April 20, 2020). "South Carolina Tornado Outbreak 4/13/2020" (PDF). Columbia, South Carolina: Government of South Carolina. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
^ Hill, Nick (April 11, 2022). "Remembering the 2020 Easter Tornado Outbreak". WDEF. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
^ National Centers for Environmental Information (July 2023). "U.S. Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters (1980-2023)" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 17, 2023. Retrieved August 17, 2023.
^ Fujita, Ted, ed. (April 1982). "Red River Region of the April 2, 1982 Tornado Outbreak". Outstanding Storms of the Month. Storm Data. 24 (4). Asheville, North Carolina: National Climatic Data Center.
^ Jonathan M. Davies; C. A. Doswell; D. W. Burgess; J. F. Weaver (1994). "Some Noteworthy Aspects of the Hesston, Kansas, Tornado Family of 13 March 1990". Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 75 (6): 1007–1017. Bibcode:1994BAMS...75.1007D. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<1007:SNAOTH>2.0.CO;2.
^ "The May 22nd, 2004 Tornado Outbreak". National Weather Service Hastings, Nebraska. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Dept of Commerce. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
^ National Weather Service. "Tornado Outbreak March 12, 2006" (Historiography). Pleasant Hill, Missouri: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on March 28, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
^ "Top Ten Deadliest Oklahoma Tornadoes (1882-Present)". National Weather Service in Norman, Oklahoma. Archived from the original on August 14, 2023. Retrieved August 14, 2023.
^ National Weather Service office in Tulsa, Oklahoma (April 26, 2021). "The April 12, 1945 Tornado Outbreak". ArcGIS. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 2, 2023.
^ Grazulis, Thomas P. (May 2, 2024). "OIS lists two MAJOR outbreaks in April" (Post on 𝕏). 𝕏 (Formerly Twitter). Danville, Vermont: @sigtor2019. Retrieved May 2, 2024. 4/26/2024 (NE and IA) had score of 54 (with 12 EF2 and 6 EF3). The next day, 4/27/2024 (mostly OK), had a score of 33 (with 4 EF2, 3 EF3, and 1 EF4.
^ National Weather Service (2022). "The Violent Tornado Outbreak of December 10-11, 2021". Paducah, Kentucky: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
^ National Weather Service. "NWS Little Rock, AR - The Tornado Outbreak of January 21-22, 1999". Little Rock, Arkansas: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
^ "March 1, 1997, Arkansas tornado outbreak" (PDF). National Weather Service. Silver Spring, Maryland: United States Department of Commerce. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
^ National Weather Service. "NWS Little Rock, AR - Tornado Outbreak (March 1, 1997)". Little Rock, Arkansas: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 30, 2024.
^ "Noticias de Córdoba hoy | Noticias Córdoba".^{[dead link]}
^ "Una pesadilla que se vive en el recuerdo: El tornado que azotó San Pedro y que cambió la historia de la tierra colorada y la tiñó de sangre - MisionesOnline". Archived from the original on September 9, 2021. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
^ "Cristina en Misiones".
^ "At least 7 people killed in Brazil storms - CNN.com". CNN. September 9, 2009. Retrieved August 26, 2022.
^ "grazulis May 6-10 OIS scoring". Retrieved May 19, 2024.
^ National Weather Service. "Tornado Outbreak of April 2, 2006" (Historiography). Memphis, Tennessee: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
^ National Weather Service. "NOVEMBER 23 2004 TORNADO OUTBREAK". Lake Charles, Louisiana: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
^ National Weather Service. "Severe Weather Outbreak - November 23-24, 2004". Birmingham, Alabama: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
^ Daniel McCarthy; Joseph Schaefer. 2004 year in tornadoes: What a year it was! (PDF) (Report). Storm Prediction Center. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
^ Andrew I. Watson; Michael A. Jamski; T.J. Turnage; Joshua R. Bowen; Jason C. Kelley (2005). "The Tornado Outbreak across the North Florida Panhandle in association with Hurricane Ivan" (PDF). National Weather Service office in Tallahassee, Florida. American Meteorological Society. Retrieved November 6, 2011.
^ National Weather Service (2023). "The Intense Mississippi Tornadoes of March 24, 2023" (ArcGIS StoryMap). ArcGIS StoryMaps. Jackson, Mississippi & Memphis, Tennessee: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
^ National Weather Service. "Extended Severe Event of March 24-27, 2023" (Historiography). Birmingham, Alabama: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
^ F. C. Pate (United States Weather Bureau) (October 1946). "The Tornado at Montgomery, Alabama, February 12, 1945". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 27 (8). American Meteorological Society: 462–464. JSTOR 26257954. Retrieved May 27, 2023.
^ "Ивановский смерч 9 июня 1984 года: торнадо по-советски" (in Russian). Русская семерка. January 31, 2017. Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 4, 2019.
^ National Weather Service. "Tornado Outbreak September 22nd, 2006" (PDF). St. Louis, Missouri, United States: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
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^ "佛山顺德气象局".

[GrazulisBook-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv ^bw ^bx ^by ^bz ^ca ^cb ^cc ^cd ^ce ^cf ^cg ^ch ^ci ^cj ^ck ^cl ^cm ^cn ^co ^cp ^cq ^cr ^cs ^ct ^cu ^cv ^cw ^cx ^cy ^cz ^da ^db ^dc ^dd ^de ^df ^dg ^dh ^di ^dj ^dk ^dl ^dm ^dn ^do ^dp ^dq ^dr ^ds ^dt ^du ^dv ^dw ^dx ^dy ^dz ^ea ^eb ^ec ^ed ^ee ^ef ^eg ^eh Grazulis, Thomas P. (2023). Significant Tornadoes 1974–2022. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project. ISBN 978-1-879362-01-7.

[The_OIS-2] Grazulis, Thomas (August 29, 2023). "The Outbreaks Section". Tornado Project. Archived from the original on August 29, 2023. Retrieved August 29, 2023.

[GrazulisOld-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p Grazulis, Thomas P. (July 1993). Significant Tornadoes, 1680–1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events. St. Johnsbury, Vermont: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films. ISBN 1-879362-03-1.

[4] National Weather Service. "The Super Outbreak of April 3-4, 1974" (Historiography). Wilmington, Ohio: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.

[5] Locatelli, John D.; Stoelinga, Mark T.; Hobbs, Peter V. (June 2002). "A New Look at the Super Outbreak of Tornadoes on 3–4 April 1974". Monthly Weather Review. 130 (6). University of Washington via the American Meteorological Society: 1633–1651. Bibcode:2002MWRv..130.1633L. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<1633:ANLATS>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493.

[2004NOAAPaper-6] Schneider, Russell S.; Schaefer, Joseph T.; Brooks, Harold E. (2004). "Tornado outbreak days: An updated and expanded climatology (1875-2003)" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Publications. 1 (1). The Storm Prediction Center and the National Severe Storms Laboratory. Retrieved March 29, 2024.

[Media_1974_Super_Outbreak-7] Additional references for the 1974 Super Outbreak:
"What The 1974 Super Outbreak Taught Us About Tornadoes And Forecasting". The Weather Channel. March 28, 2024. Retrieved March 28, 2024.

"1974 Super Outbreak: The 50th Anniversary of Roanoke's strongest tornado". WDBJ 7. March 8, 2024. Retrieved March 28, 2024.

[8] "What The 1974 Super Outbreak Taught Us About Tornadoes And Forecasting". The Weather Channel. March 28, 2024. Retrieved March 28, 2024.

[9] "1974 Super Outbreak: The 50th Anniversary of Roanoke's strongest tornado". WDBJ 7. March 8, 2024. Retrieved March 28, 2024.

[8] National Centers for Environmental Information (April 25, 2017). "On This Day: 2011 Tornado Super Outbreak". Asheville, North Carolina: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.

[9] Knox, John A.; Rackley, Jared A.; Black, Alan W.; Gensini, Vittorio A.; Butler, Michael; Dunn, Corey; Gallo, Taylor; Hunter, Melyssa R.; Lindsey, Lauren; Phan, Minh; Scroggs, Robert; Brustad, Synne (September 2013). "Tornado Debris Characteristics And Trajectories During The 27 April 2011 Super Outbreak As Determined Using Social Media Data". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 94 (9). American Meteorological Society: 1371–1380. Bibcode:2013BAMS...94.1371K. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00036.1. ISSN 1520-0477.

[Media_2011_Super_Outbreak-10] Additional references for the 2011 Super Outbreak:
"Super Outbreak of 2011: 350 tornadoes killed 321 people". Fox Weather. April 26, 2022. Retrieved March 28, 2024.

[13] "Super Outbreak of 2011: 350 tornadoes killed 321 people". Fox Weather. April 26, 2022. Retrieved March 28, 2024.

[11] Fujita, Tetsuya T.; Bradbury, Dorothy L.; Thullenar, C. F. Van (January 1970). "Palm Sunday Tornadoes of April 11, 1965". Monthly Weather Review. 98 (1). United States Department of Commerce: 29–69. Bibcode:1970MWRv...98...29F. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1970)098<0029:PSTOA>2.3.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493.

[12] Hamill, Thomas M.; Schneider, Russell S.; Brooks, Harold E.; Forbes, Gregory S.; Bluestein, Howard B.; Steinberg, Michael; Meléndez, Daniel; Dole, Randall M. (April 2005). "The May 2003 Extended Tornado Outbreak". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 86 (4). American Meteorological Society: 531–542. Bibcode:2005BAMS...86..531H. doi:10.1175/BAMS-86-4-531. Retrieved March 29, 2024.

[TWCBelles-13] Belles, Jonathan; Wiltgen, Nick (April 28, 2018). "5 May Tornado Outbreaks That Had The Biggest Impacts" (News article). Atlanta, United States: The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.

[14] National Weather Service. "NWS Jackson, MS--November 21-22, 1992 Tornado Outbreak". Jackson, Mississippi: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.

[15] Tungesvick, Kevin; Pytlak, Erik (December 1993). "A case study of the 22 November 1992 Ohio Valley tornado outbreak". Eastern Region Technical Attachment (National Weather Service (U.S.)). 93 (12B). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 29, 2024.

[16] Frosig, Greg (1994). "16 June 1992 Chandler Tornado and Subsequent Derecho Development". St. Cloud State University Publications.

[17] National Weather Service. "Chandler-Lake Wilson Minnesota F5 Tornado of June 16, 1992". Sioux Falls, South Dakota: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 30, 2024.

[18] "Super Outbreak - March 21, 1932". 1932 Super Outbreak. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 28, 2024.

[19] "Southeast U.S. Severe Thunderstorm Climatology and 1932 Tornado Outbreak - ProQuest". The University of Memphis ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. December 2019. ProQuest 2377258693. Retrieved March 29, 2024.

[20] Ostby, Frederick P.; Pearson, Allen D. (February 1974). "The Tornado Season of 1973". Weatherwise. 27 (1). National Severe Storms Forecast Center via Taylor & Francis: 4–9. Bibcode:1974Weawi..27a...4O. doi:10.1080/00431672.1974.9931674. ISSN 0043-1672. Retrieved March 30, 2024.

[21] National Weather Service. "Tornado Outbreak - May 27-28, 2019". Wilmington, Ohio: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on March 29, 2024. Retrieved March 29, 2024.

[22] Gensini, Vittorio A.; Gold, David; Allen, John T.; Barrett, Bradford S. (August 28, 2019). "Extended U.S. Tornado Outbreak During Late May 2019: A Forecast of Opportunity". Geophysical Research Letters. 46 (16). Northern Illinois University, International Business Machines Corporation, Central Michigan University, and the United States Naval Academy via the American Geophysical Union: 10150–10158. Bibcode:2019GeoRL..4610150G. doi:10.1029/2019GL084470.

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List of tornado outbreaks by Outbreak Intensity Score

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