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Major League Baseball postseason

The Major League Baseball (MLB) postseason is the annual playoff elimination tournament held to determine the champion of MLB in the United States and Canada. Since 2022, the postseason for each league—American and National—consists of two best-of-three Wild Card Series contested by the lowest-seeded division winner and the three wild card teams, two best-of-five Division Series (LDS) featuring the wild-card winners and the two highest-seeded division winners, and finally the best-of-seven League Championship Series (LCS). The winners of the American League Championship Series (ALCS) and the National League Championship Series (NLCS) play each other in the best-of-seven World Series. The postseason tournament takes place after the conclusion of MLB's regular season and takes approximately one month to complete. The only exception to any of the rules above would be the 2020 MLB season in which 16 teams qualified for the postseason.

Major League Baseball is the oldest of North America's major professional sports organizations, with roots dating back to the 1870s. The final series to determine its champion has been called the "World Series" (originally "World's Championship Series" and then "World's Series") as far back as the National League's contests with the American Association starting at the beginning of the 1880s.

From 1901 to 1968, each league champion, or pennant winner, was the team with the best regular-season win–loss record. In 1903, modern annual postseason play began with a one-round system, in which the American League champion played the National League champion in a best-of-seven series (in 1903, 1919, 1920, and 1921, it was best-of-nine) called the World Series; however, there was no 1904 Series because the National League champion New York Giants refused to play. This single-tiered approach persisted through 1968, even after both leagues expanded in 1961–1962 to ten teams.

In 1969, both leagues expanded to 12 teams, complicating the competition for the league championship. Imitating the other major sports' long-standing playoff traditions, MLB split each league into East and West divisions, creating four divisions of six teams each until expansions in 1977 and 1993. This created a new postseason round called the League Championship Series (LCS), in which the East and West division champions of each league played a best-of-five series to determine the league champion. In 1985, the LCS was expanded to a best-of-seven series, which continues today.

Under this system, it was possible for one of the best teams in a league to be left out of the postseason if it failed to win its division. Most notably, in 1993, the Atlanta Braves and San Francisco Giants finished with the two best records in MLB with 104 and 103 wins, respectively. However, since both teams played in the National League West division, the Giants missed the postseason by a single game.

The baseball players' strike of 1981 uniquely—for this era—added another round to the postseason. Because the strike split the season into two roughly equal halves, the division winners of each half of the 1981 season met in a best-of-five division series. The winners of the division series then progressed to the league championship series, with the remainder of the postseason following a similar format to other years in this era.

In 1994, MLB realigned, adding a Central division to both leagues while retaining the pre-existing East and West divisions. To avoid having a playoff tournament consisting of an odd number of divisional winners, a wild card playoff spot was introduced to each league, imitating the original post-merger NFL system. The wild card berth was given to the team with the best record among the division runners-up. This assured that the team with the second-best record in its league qualified for the postseason even if it did not win its division, avoiding cases such as that of the 1993 San Francisco Giants discussed above. This new format doubled the postseason participants in each league from two to four, and from four teams overall to eight.

The additional teams made another elimination round necessary. This new round became the new first round of the postseason, the best-of-five Division Series. As mentioned above, this term had first been used for the extra round in 1981 required by the "split-season" scheduling anomaly following the midseason baseball players strike; with this playoff expansion, the Division Series became permanent. This format was in place for the 1994 season, but that year's players' strike canceled the postseason. The format was realized on the field in 1995.

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