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Mammal classification
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Mammal classification
Mammalia is a class of animal within the phylum Chordata. Mammal classification has been through several iterations since Carl Linnaeus initially defined the class.
Many earlier, pre-Linnaean ideas have been completely abandoned by modern taxonomists, among these are the idea that bats are related to birds or that humans represent a group outside of other living things.
George Gaylord Simpson's classic "Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals" (1945) taxonomy text laid out a systematics of mammal origins and relationships that was universally taught until the end of the 20th century.
Since Simpson's 1945 classification, the paleontological record has been recalibrated, and the intervening years have seen much debate and progress concerning the theoretical underpinnings of systematization itself, partly through the new concept of cladistics. Though field work gradually made Simpson's classification outdated, it remained the closest thing to an official classification of mammals until revision from the end of the twentieth century into the twenty-first century.
No classification system is universally accepted; McKenna et al. and Wilson & Reader provide useful recent compendiums. Competing ideas about the relationships of mammal orders do persist and are currently in development. Most significantly in recent years, cladistic thinking has led to an effort to ensure that all taxonomic designations represent monophyletic groups. The field has also seen a recent surge in interest and modification due to the results of molecular phylogenetics.
See List of placental mammals and List of monotremes and marsupials for more detailed information on mammal genera and species.
Molecular studies by molecular systematists, based on DNA analysis, in the early 21st century have revealed new relationships among mammal families. Classification systems based on molecular studies reveal three major groups or lineages of placental mammals, Afrotheria, Xenarthra, and Boreoeutheria, which diverged from early common ancestors in the Cretaceous.
The relationships between these three lineages are contentious, and all three have been proposed as basal in different hypotheses.
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Mammal classification
Mammalia is a class of animal within the phylum Chordata. Mammal classification has been through several iterations since Carl Linnaeus initially defined the class.
Many earlier, pre-Linnaean ideas have been completely abandoned by modern taxonomists, among these are the idea that bats are related to birds or that humans represent a group outside of other living things.
George Gaylord Simpson's classic "Principles of Classification and a Classification of Mammals" (1945) taxonomy text laid out a systematics of mammal origins and relationships that was universally taught until the end of the 20th century.
Since Simpson's 1945 classification, the paleontological record has been recalibrated, and the intervening years have seen much debate and progress concerning the theoretical underpinnings of systematization itself, partly through the new concept of cladistics. Though field work gradually made Simpson's classification outdated, it remained the closest thing to an official classification of mammals until revision from the end of the twentieth century into the twenty-first century.
No classification system is universally accepted; McKenna et al. and Wilson & Reader provide useful recent compendiums. Competing ideas about the relationships of mammal orders do persist and are currently in development. Most significantly in recent years, cladistic thinking has led to an effort to ensure that all taxonomic designations represent monophyletic groups. The field has also seen a recent surge in interest and modification due to the results of molecular phylogenetics.
See List of placental mammals and List of monotremes and marsupials for more detailed information on mammal genera and species.
Molecular studies by molecular systematists, based on DNA analysis, in the early 21st century have revealed new relationships among mammal families. Classification systems based on molecular studies reveal three major groups or lineages of placental mammals, Afrotheria, Xenarthra, and Boreoeutheria, which diverged from early common ancestors in the Cretaceous.
The relationships between these three lineages are contentious, and all three have been proposed as basal in different hypotheses.
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