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Milton Cooper Work (September 15, 1864 – June 27, 1934)[1] was an American authority on whist, bridge whist, auction and contract bridge. At least during the 19th century he was a cricket player, writer, and official.
Work was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he graduated from the University of Pennsylvania and practiced law from 1887 to 1917.[1] He and Wilbur C. Whitehead toured the country in 1917 "organizing bridge competitions and lecturing on bridge, to promote the sale of Liberty bonds". The tour was successful enough that he made bridge a full-time occupation rather than return to law.[4]
In his writings on bridge during the last seven years of his life, Work adopted Bryant McCampbell's 1915 suggestion[6] for evaluatingbalanced hands using a point count method: Ace = 4, King = 3, Queen = 2 and Jack = 1. Although Work had strongly opposed point count methods for 25 years (1902–1927), beginning about 1927 he became a strong advocate of the 4-3-2-1-½ point count—so much so that it became known as the Work Point Count. Subsequently, his employee and disciple Charles Goren adapted it to value all hands. It is still used by players today. In 1927 Work was named American Bridge League (ABL) Honorary Member of the Year.
Auction Under the Laws of 1915 (Philadelphia: John C. Winston Co., 1915), 104 pp.
Auction Declarations (Winston, 1917), 288 pp.
Auction Methods Up-to-Date including the new laws of 1920 (Winston, 1920), 332 pp.
Auction for Two or Three, with a new code of laws for these games (Winston, 1921), 222 pp. – with "appendix giving improved methods for two-handed Canfield and Russian Bank" OCLC3867409
Auction Bridge in Twelve Lessons (Milton Bradley, 1922), 270 pp. LCCN23-125
Auction Bridge of 1924 (Winston, 1923), 507 pp.
Mah-jongg ... Up-to-Date (Winston, 1924), 177 pp. – Mahjong
Auction Bridge Complete (Winston, 1926), 500 pp. OCLC1577198
Bridge Pointers and Tests (Winston, 1927), 192 pp.
Contract Bridge (Winston, 1927) 143 pp. – "including the official laws of contract bridge adopted by the Whist club, New York and by the Racquet and Tennis club, New York" OCLC2617005
Auction Bridge for Beginners (Winston, 1928), 136 pp.
Contract Bridge For All (Winston, 1929), 243 pp.
Lesson hands for use of bridge teachers of the common sense system (Winston, 1930), 25 pp. LCCN30-16947
Common Sense Contract Bridge (Winston, 1931), 369 pp. LCCN31-1060
The Gist of Contract Bridge (Winston, 1931), 56 pp. OCLC26064152
The official system of contract bridge in a nutshell (Winston, 1931), 58 pp. LCCN31-35688
^The Bridge World monthly magazine, established by Ely Culbertson in 1929, named nine members of its bridge hall of fame including Culbertson from 1964 to 1966, but it never named another. Almost thirty years later, the ACBL established its hall of fame with the Bridge World nine as founding members. It named eight new members in 1995 and has inducted others annually since then.[2][3]
Milton C. Work at Library of Congress, with 33 library catalog records – linked variously as by Milton C.; Milton Cooper; Milton Cooper, 1864–1934; Milton Cooper, 1864– (including 19 "from old catalog")
