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Music television

Music television is a type of television programming which focuses predominantly on playing music videos from recording artists, usually on dedicated television channels broadcasting on satellite, cable, or streaming platforms.

Music television channels may host their own shows and charts and award prizes. Examples are Paramount's MTV, Channel UFX (India), 4Music (UK), 40 TV (Spain), Channel V (China), VIVA (Germany, defunct), Scuzz (UK), MuchMusic (Canadian), TeleHit (Mexico), Kerrang! TV (UK), RAC 105 TV (Catalonia), GTV (Indonesia, removed years later) VH1 (removed years later), Fuse TV (removed years later) and Palladia (now as MTV Live).

Prior to the 1950s, most of musical broadcasts were on a radio format. Most radio broadcasts were live music such as classical music broadcasts—for example, the NBC Symphony Orchestra. In the 1950s, three of broadcast television such as NBC, CBS, and ABC (the Big Three) sought to move their popular radio broadcasts to a television format, such as Texaco Star Theater, which went from a radio broadcast to a telecast.

As networks continued to withdraw radio for popular music broadcasting, the recording industry sought to influence sales by using television as a new vessel for promoting for their artists. The coordination between record companies and television saw the incorporation of musical acts in variety shows such as The Ed Sullivan Show (1948–1971), The Stage Show (1954–1956), and Texaco Star Theater (1948–1956). Columbia Records was the first to use this method by coordinating the release of a song on CBS's Studio One and then releasing it on audio format by the label on the next day. This practice introduced the success of the televised format for musical promotion.

Performers doing specials on variety shows also became common on television. Elvis Presley performed on numerous variety shows over the span of multiple per episodes, playing rock-and-roll music. His most controversial performance was his appearance on Texaco Star Theater where he did his now-signature dance moves of thrusting his pelvis suggestively during a performance of "You Ain't Nothing But A Hound Dog". This performance served as an opening to have younger and newer music targeted at a younger demographic; previously telecasts were typically targeted towards the adult audience.

In the 1960s, NBC, CBS and ABC formed most of the music television market establishing themselves as the main sources for current music. A main contributor to the solidification of music broadcasting was the development of programs specifically designed to showcase music acts. This led to more technicians, set designers, producers, and directors training to specifically produce television content. The programs were of better quality than in the 1950s and gave a youthful, more dynamic look to pre-existing shows, such as The Ed Sullivan Show. The shift in production modality started to attract corporate sponsorships such as Ford, who used ad space in The Lively Ones to promote the Fairlane sedan to young-aged car buyers.

Record labels and performers in the 1960s sought to use the newly-founded, music-driven platform to introduce audiences to foreign acts such as the Beatles who performed in the US for the first time on The Ed Sullivan Show on February 9, 1964. The Beatles' performance served as the beginning of increased British influence in US popular culture. Other music-based variety programs gained popularity, including ABC's Shindig (1964–1966), and NBC's Hullaballoo (1965–1966), a rock-and-roll show targeted at remote areas' young adults. Another extension of the growth of television music can be seen in musical family acts of the 1970s such as the Monkees, the Partridge Family, the Jackson 5, and the Osmonds.

On March 3, 1981, Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment (now as "Paramount Media Networks") introduced MTV (Music Television), the first 24/7 cable television network completely dedicated the broadcast of music videos. MTV was aimed to reach and profit from the young adult demographic. The purpose of MTV was to reuse previously-made content by record labels for international audiences, which was free, and televise them in America in a top-40 hits format.

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