Mustvee is a town in Estonia. It lies on the west coast of Lake Peipus, and is administratively part of the Mustvee Parish in Jõgeva County. Ethnic Estonians and Russians both make up around half of its current population of approximately 1,600.
Mustvee was attested in historical sources as Mustut in 1493; as folwark Mostfersth alias Czarny, Mosthffer, and wioska Musth alias Czarne in 1599; and as Mustvett in 1601, among other variations. The name literally means 'black water', from must 'black' + vee (genitive of vesi 'water'). It is believed that *Mustvesi 'black water' was probably a parallel name for Lake Peipus. Another possibility is that 'black water' referred to a river rather than the lake. In Estonian toponyms, the final element vesi 'water' is infrequent, but it is found in the names of some Finnish lakes, such as Enonvesi and Toisvesi.[2]
The beginning of continuous ethnic Russian settlement in what is now Estonia dates back to the late 17th century when several thousand Eastern Orthodox Old Believers, escaping religious persecution in Russia (after the Tsardom of Muscovy had declared them outlaws in 1658) settled in Mustvee and other safe haven areas then ruled by Kingdom of Sweden on the west coast of Lake Peipus.
Mustvee has held fairs for the past two centuries. Due to its position at the broadest part of the lake, this traditional fishing town is increasingly popular as a tourist centre. The new Harbour of Mustvee was opened on 18 December 2014.
| Ethnicity | 1922[3] | 1934[4] | 1941[5] | 1959[6] | 1970[7] | 1979[8] | 1989[8] | 2000[9] | 2011[10] | 2021[11] | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | |
| Estonians | 803 | 29.3 | 1006 | 35.4 | 670 | 35.4 | 1012 | 43.5 | 968 | 43.5 | 921 | 44.1 | 862 | 43.2 | 714 | 40.7 | 563 | 41.5 | 504 | 43.5 |
| Russians | 1937 | 70.6 | 1784 | 62.8 | 1197 | 63.2 | - | - | 1207 | 54.2 | 1123 | 53.8 | 1082 | 54.3 | 1000 | 57.0 | - | - | 617 | 53.2 |
| Ukrainians | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | - | - | - | - | 14 | 0.63 | 11 | 0.53 | 18 | 0.90 | - | - | - | - | 8 | 0.69 |
| Belarusians | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12 | 0.54 | 7 | 0.34 | 12 | 0.60 | - | - | - | - | 6 | 0.52 |
| Finns | - | - | 2 | 0.07 | 1 | 0.05 | - | - | 10 | 0.45 | 10 | 0.48 | 8 | 0.40 | - | - | - | - | 5 | 0.43 |
| Jews | 0 | 0.00 | 6 | 0.21 | 0 | 0.00 | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0.00 |
| Latvians | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | - | - | 1 | 0.04 | 2 | 0.10 | 2 | 0.10 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0.00 |
| Germans | 1 | 0.04 | 20 | 0.70 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 8 | 0.38 | 4 | 0.20 | - | - | - | - | 3 | 0.26 |
| Tatars | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.05 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0.00 |
| Poles | - | - | 6 | 0.21 | 6 | 0.32 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 0.05 | 0 | 0.00 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0.00 |
| Lithuanians | - | - | 1 | 0.04 | 1 | 0.05 | - | - | 2 | 0.09 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | - | - | - | - | 0 | 0.00 |
| unknown | 0 | 0.00 | 2 | 0.07 | 5 | 0.26 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 1 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 |
| other | 4 | 0.15 | 14 | 0.49 | 13 | 0.69 | 1313 | 56.5 | 13 | 0.58 | 4 | 0.19 | 5 | 0.25 | 39 | 2.22 | 794 | 58.5 | 14 | 1.21 |
| Total | 2745 | 100 | 2841 | 100 | 1893 | 100 | 2325 | 100 | 2227 | 100 | 2087 | 100 | 1994 | 100 | 1753 | 100 | 1358 | 100 | 1159 | 99.8 |
| Climate data for Mustvee (located at Tiirikoja meteorological station) normals 1991–2020, extremes 1922–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 9.7 (49.5) |
11.9 (53.4) |
16.7 (62.1) |
26.9 (80.4) |
30.0 (86.0) |
30.7 (87.3) |
33.8 (92.8) |
30.9 (87.6) |
27.3 (81.1) |
20.4 (68.7) |
13.6 (56.5) |
11.4 (52.5) |
33.8 (92.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −1.7 (28.9) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
2.6 (36.7) |
9.3 (48.7) |
16.1 (61.0) |
20.2 (68.4) |
22.8 (73.0) |
21.4 (70.5) |
16.2 (61.2) |
9.3 (48.7) |
3.4 (38.1) |
0.1 (32.2) |
9.8 (49.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −4.2 (24.4) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
4.1 (39.4) |
10.3 (50.5) |
14.9 (58.8) |
17.6 (63.7) |
16.2 (61.2) |
11.6 (52.9) |
5.9 (42.6) |
1.2 (34.2) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
5.8 (42.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.1 (19.2) |
−8.4 (16.9) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
4.7 (40.5) |
9.5 (49.1) |
12.3 (54.1) |
11.3 (52.3) |
7.4 (45.3) |
2.8 (37.0) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
1.8 (35.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −37.7 (−35.9) |
−38.1 (−36.6) |
−31.9 (−25.4) |
−23 (−9) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−14 (7) |
−24.4 (−11.9) |
−39.6 (−39.3) |
−39.6 (−39.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 43 (1.7) |
37 (1.5) |
32 (1.3) |
33 (1.3) |
48 (1.9) |
78 (3.1) |
68 (2.7) |
78 (3.1) |
52 (2.0) |
62 (2.4) |
54 (2.1) |
48 (1.9) |
633 (24.9) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 12.1 | 9.9 | 8.5 | 7.4 | 8.2 | 10.7 | 9.6 | 10.7 | 9.5 | 11.3 | 11.4 | 12.3 | 121.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 89 | 87 | 81 | 75 | 72 | 75 | 79 | 82 | 84 | 87 | 90 | 90 | 82 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 32.8 | 62.7 | 139.6 | 191.3 | 266.3 | 253.0 | 276.0 | 232.6 | 152.0 | 78.7 | 30.3 | 21.1 | 1,735.4 |
| Source: Estonian Weather Service[12][13][14][15][16][17][18] | |||||||||||||
 |
| * | Office | Name | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1938–1939 | Valter Kulli | Mayor, first mayor of Mustvee |
| 2 | 1939–1940 | Mihkel Koppel | Mayor |
| 3 | 1940–1941 | Nikifor Semjonov | Chairman of Executive Committee |
| 4 | 1941 | Nazar Lizarov | Chairman of Executive Committee |
| 5 | 1941–1944 | Mihkel Ots | Mayor |
| 6 | 1944–1945 | Sergei Kaimov | Chairman of Executive Committee |
| 7 | 1945–1947 | Nikolai Kussov | Chairman of Executive Committee |
| 8 | 1947–1948 | Vassili Tchernyshev | Chairman of Executive Committee |
| 27 | 1948–1950 | Hariton Bezzubov | Chairman of Executive Committee |
| 28 | 1950–1952 | Tihon Klimov | Chairman of Executive Committee |
| 29 | 1952–1957 | Luka Uleksin | Chairman of Executive Committee |
| 30 | 1957–1959 | Ivan Storosko | Chairman of Executive Committee |
| 31 | 1959–1982 | Elmar Peterson | Chairman of Executive Committee |
| 31 | 1982–1984 | Vello Mäesepp | Chairman of Executive Committee |
| 31 | 1984–1996 | Andres Rebane | Chairman of Executive Committee; Mayor |
| 34 | 1996–1997 | Aare Uleksin | Mayor |
| 34 | 1997–2002 | Pavel Kostromin | Mayor |
| 35 | 2002–2007 | Gennadi Kulkov | Mayor |
| 36 | 2007–2009 | Mati Kepp | Mayor |
| 37 | 2009 | Lembit Kivimurd | Mayor |
| 38 | 2009–2010 | Mati Kepp | Mayor |
| 39 | 2010–2011 | Urmas Laur | Mayor |
| 40 | 2012–2013 | Pavel Kostromin | Mayor |
| 43 | 2013–2017 | Max Kaur | Mayor, last mayor of Mustvee |
|  | |
Jaanilinn (Ivangorod) and Petseri (Pechory) were annexed by the Soviet Union in 1945 and are currently part of Russia. | ||
| Geographic | |
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| Other | |
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