Nancy Lynn Hogshead-Makar (née Hogshead, born April 17, 1962) is an American swimmer who represented the United States at the 1984 Summer Olympics, where she won three gold medals and one silver medal. She is currently the CEO of Champion Women, an organization claiming to lead targeted efforts to advocate for equality and accountability in sports. Her areas of focus include establishing nationwide equal play, such as traditional Title IX compliance in athletic departments, protecting athletes from sexual harassment, abuse and assault, as well as combatting employment and pregnancy discrimination. In 2012, she began working on legislative changes to ensure that club and Olympic sports athletes were protected from sexual abuse. In 2018, the Protecting Young Victims from Sexual Abuse and Safe Sport Authorization Act of 2017, which she co-wrote, was enacted. Champion Women advocates for excluding transgender women from women's sports, saying "it is impossible to mitigate the athletic advantages that come with being male, and particularly male puberty. All athletes are included in sport, in their sex category."

Hogshead's family is from Iowa. She was born in Iowa City, Iowa, but her family moved to Florida shortly afterwards. When she was 11 years old, her family moved to Jacksonville, Florida, where she met coach Randy Reese and was exposed to team-oriented coaching towards nationals. By age 12 she had qualified for the U.S. Senior Nationals and held the national age-group record in the 200 individual medley. Her first American record was in the 100 yard butterfly in 1977. Hogshead left home to train for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow with the University of Florida swim team, or FAST, while still in high school. She qualified for the Olympics in the 200 meter butterfly and the 400 meter individual medley, but did not participate due to the multi-national boycott.

Duke University offered Hogshead its first swimming scholarship. There, she was undefeated in dual meets and set a school record in eight different events; one of which stood until 2011. She was a four-time ACC champion and two-time All-American. She was the first woman to be inducted into the Duke Athletics Hall of Fame.^{[citation needed]}

In 1981, Duke University red-shirted Hogshead after she was raped while running between campuses and suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder for several months.^{[citation needed]} In the fall of 1982, her coach persuaded her to return to the pool by offering her a scholarship and a position on the team if she merely showed up at the competitions.^{[citation needed]}

In January 1983, Hogshead left Duke to train full-time for the 1984 Olympics in California. This time she switched from butterfly to freestyle. She won additional national titles on her way to qualifying for the 1984 US swimming team.^{[citation needed]}

At the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, she won three gold medals and one silver medal, becoming the most decorated swimmer at the Games. She competed in the first event of the Games, the women's 100m freestyle, where she won in a tie-finish, with American teammate Carrie Steinseifer. They were both awarded gold medals. Hogshead also won golds in the 4 × 100 m freestyle and the 4 × 100 m medley teams, and a silver medal in the 200m individual medley.

Her international career had started in 1977 at the age of 14, when she set her first American record. That year, she was the only American swimmer to be ranked number one in the world in an international event.

Hogshead returned to Duke University to finish her undergraduate degree in 1984. During the summer of 1985, Hogshead interned at the Women's Sports Foundation, at the urging of Donna de Varona. The organization had a strong influence on her career direction and she has worked with the organization for thirty years. She served on the board of trustees from 1987 to 1993 and as its president from 1993 to 1994. She was their Legal Adviser from 2003 to 2010, and was their Senior Director of Advocacy from 2010 to 2014.