Akbar Shahbaz Khan Bugti (Urdu: اکبر شہباز خان بُگٹی; 12 July 1926 – 26 August 2006) was a Pakistani politician and the tumandar (tribal chief) of the Bugti tribe of Baloch people. Over a career spanning nearly five decades, he held several senior offices in Pakistan, including Minister of State for Defence in the cabinet of Prime Minister Feroz Khan Noon, Governor of Balochistan from 1973 to 1974, and Chief Minister of Balochistan from 1989 to 1990. He founded and led the Jamhoori Watan Party (JWP) from 1989 until his death.

In his later years, Bugti came into armed conflict with the government of President Pervez Musharraf over the political and economic status of Balochistan. He was killed on 26 August 2006 during a military operation in Kohlu district. In July 2012, an Anti-Terrorism Court issued arrest warrants for Musharraf and other senior officials in connection with the killing.

Akbar Shahbaz Khan Bugti was born on 12 July 1926 in Barkhan, in what was then the Chief Commissioner's Province of Balochistan under British rule. He was the son of Nawab Mehrab Khan Bugti, chief of the Bugti tribe, and the grandson of Sir Shahbaz Khan Bugti. He received his early education at Karachi Grammar School and subsequently at Aitchison College in Lahore. Following his father's death, he succeeded as tumandar of the Bugti tribe.

In May 1958, Bugti won a seat in the National Assembly of Pakistan by contesting a by-election, taking his place on the government benches as a member of the ruling coalition. He served as Minister of State for Defence in the federal cabinet under Prime Minister Feroz Khan Noon. The cabinet was dismissed in October 1958 when President Iskander Mirza declared martial law.

Bugti was arrested and convicted by a military tribunal in 1960, which disqualified him from holding public office. He did not contest the 1970 general elections.

In February 1973, Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto dismissed the elected National Awami Party (NAP)-led provincial government of Balochistan. Bugti was appointed Governor of Balochistan on 15 February 1973, succeeding the ousted NAP governor Ghaus Bakhsh Bizenjo. The Pakistani army was simultaneously deployed in the province in an operation against Baloch insurgents.

As governor, Bugti did not oppose the military deployment in the province, a position that drew criticism from Baloch nationalist figures. In late 1974, he resigned from the governorship following disagreements with the Bhutto administration over how the situation in the province was being handled, and was succeeded by Ahmad Yar Khan.

After a prolonged absence from mainstream politics, Bugti joined the Balochistan National Alliance in 1988. Following elections held after the death of General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, he was elected Chief Minister of Balochistan on 4 February 1989. His provincial government clashed frequently with the federal government of Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto. In 1990, the provincial assembly was dissolved by the governor acting on the instructions of President Ghulam Ishaq Khan, ending Bugti's government on 6 August 1990.