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New Zealand Army
The New Zealand Army (Māori: Ngāti Tūmatauenga, 'Tribe of the God of War') is the principal land warfare force of New Zealand, a component of the New Zealand Defence Force alongside the Royal New Zealand Navy and the Royal New Zealand Air Force.
The Army traces its military tradition to militias first established in the 1840s, but its modern origins lie in the Armed Constabulary, created in 1867 to carry out both military and policing duties. In 1886, the Constabulary was divided, with its military branch forming the foundation of the professional permanent army. Its military reserve force, the Territorial Force was formed in 1910, replacing the older Volunteer Force. New Zealand's military land forces formally adopted the name New Zealand Army in 1950.
During its history, the New Zealand Army has fought in a number of major wars, including the Second Boer War, the First and Second World Wars, Korean War, the Malayan Emergency, Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation, Vietnam War, and more recently in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Since the 1970s, deployments have tended to be assistance to multilateral peacekeeping efforts. Considering the small size of the force, operational commitments have remained high since the start of the East Timor deployment in 1999. New Zealand personnel also served in several UN and other peacekeeping missions including the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands, the Sinai, South Sudan and Sudan.
War had been an integral part of the life and culture of the Māori, even prior to European contact. The Musket Wars continued this trend and dominated the first years of European trade and settlement. Conflicts between Māori and the British began in 1843 and peaked with the Invasion of the Waikato in the mid-1860s. After Imperial troops withdrew, settlers continued the campaign. During these New Zealand Wars, colonial forces played a central role.
The Army traces its military traditions to the earliest militias formed in New Zealand, with local volunteer forces being established in the early 1840s. These volunteer militias were disbanded with the Militia Ordinance of 1845, replaced with compulsory militias units. Compulsory militia units were active until 1872, when the Taranaki Militia was disbanded. No further compulsory militias were raised after that year, though provisions for them remained in law until 1950.
The first permanent military force in New Zealand was the Colonial Defence Force, raised in 1862. However, this force was replaced by the Armed Constabulary in 1867. The Armed Constabulary initially performed both military and policing roles, although its military arm was later split off in 1886, forming the Permanent Militia. The Permanent Militia was later renamed Permanent Force before it became the Royal New Zealand Artillery. Tother with the Royal New Zealand Engineers and the New Zealand Staff Corps, they formed the foundation for New Zealand's professional land forces.
Major Alfred William Robin led the First Contingent sent from New Zealand to South Africa to participate in the Boer War in October 1899. The New Zealand Army sent ten contingents in total (including the 4th New Zealand Contingent), of which the first six were raised and instructed by Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Henry Banks, who led the 6th Contingent into battle. These were mounted riflemen, and the first contingents had to pay to go, providing their own horses, equipment and weapons.
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New Zealand Army
The New Zealand Army (Māori: Ngāti Tūmatauenga, 'Tribe of the God of War') is the principal land warfare force of New Zealand, a component of the New Zealand Defence Force alongside the Royal New Zealand Navy and the Royal New Zealand Air Force.
The Army traces its military tradition to militias first established in the 1840s, but its modern origins lie in the Armed Constabulary, created in 1867 to carry out both military and policing duties. In 1886, the Constabulary was divided, with its military branch forming the foundation of the professional permanent army. Its military reserve force, the Territorial Force was formed in 1910, replacing the older Volunteer Force. New Zealand's military land forces formally adopted the name New Zealand Army in 1950.
During its history, the New Zealand Army has fought in a number of major wars, including the Second Boer War, the First and Second World Wars, Korean War, the Malayan Emergency, Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation, Vietnam War, and more recently in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Since the 1970s, deployments have tended to be assistance to multilateral peacekeeping efforts. Considering the small size of the force, operational commitments have remained high since the start of the East Timor deployment in 1999. New Zealand personnel also served in several UN and other peacekeeping missions including the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands, the Sinai, South Sudan and Sudan.
War had been an integral part of the life and culture of the Māori, even prior to European contact. The Musket Wars continued this trend and dominated the first years of European trade and settlement. Conflicts between Māori and the British began in 1843 and peaked with the Invasion of the Waikato in the mid-1860s. After Imperial troops withdrew, settlers continued the campaign. During these New Zealand Wars, colonial forces played a central role.
The Army traces its military traditions to the earliest militias formed in New Zealand, with local volunteer forces being established in the early 1840s. These volunteer militias were disbanded with the Militia Ordinance of 1845, replaced with compulsory militias units. Compulsory militia units were active until 1872, when the Taranaki Militia was disbanded. No further compulsory militias were raised after that year, though provisions for them remained in law until 1950.
The first permanent military force in New Zealand was the Colonial Defence Force, raised in 1862. However, this force was replaced by the Armed Constabulary in 1867. The Armed Constabulary initially performed both military and policing roles, although its military arm was later split off in 1886, forming the Permanent Militia. The Permanent Militia was later renamed Permanent Force before it became the Royal New Zealand Artillery. Tother with the Royal New Zealand Engineers and the New Zealand Staff Corps, they formed the foundation for New Zealand's professional land forces.
Major Alfred William Robin led the First Contingent sent from New Zealand to South Africa to participate in the Boer War in October 1899. The New Zealand Army sent ten contingents in total (including the 4th New Zealand Contingent), of which the first six were raised and instructed by Lieutenant Colonel Joseph Henry Banks, who led the 6th Contingent into battle. These were mounted riflemen, and the first contingents had to pay to go, providing their own horses, equipment and weapons.