Oneida, New York

Oneida (/oʊˈnaɪdə/) is a city in Madison County in the U.S. state of New York. It is located west of Oneida Castle (in Oneida County) and east of Wampsville. The population was 10,329 at the 2020 census, down from 11,390 in 2010. The city, like both Oneida County and the nearby silver and china maker, was named for the Oneida people, who had a large territory around Oneida Lake during the colonial period.

In the post-Revolutionary period, central and western New York were settled by many migrants from New England. With development of the Erie Canal in the early 19th century, the movement of people expanded towards the Midwest as trade and commerce increased. Oneida's development began to pick up as new trade routes were opened, especially in the period initially following construction of the Oneida Lake canal and feeder and an associated railroad stop, tying it into major trade networks of the day.

The village of Oneida was incorporated on June 20, 1848, as part of the larger town of Lenox to its west, but years of friction among the different sections of town spurred the village to establish itself independently as the new Town of Oneida in 1896. In turn, this town was later chartered as the City of Oneida on March 28, 1901.

The city's first elected mayor was Julius M. Goldstein, the co-founder of Powell & Goldstein Cigar Company. Goldstein was born in Prussia and immigrated in 1871.

Oneida is located near the site of the former Oneida Community, a social and religious experiment that flourished during the third quarter of the 19th century. The community, founded by John Humphrey Noyes, lasted from 1848 until 1881. It produced silk and canned goods until the manufacturing of flatware picked up in the later years of the community's existence. This led to the foundation in 1880 of Oneida Limited, a company that outlasted the community and became one of America's most important flatware producers in the 20th century.^{[citation needed]} The company is still headquartered in the city, although all US manufacturing operations have now ceased and all Oneida products are imported. The Oneida Community Mansion House, a National Historic Landmark, is preserved as the principal building of the Oneida Community.

Oneida has a number of properties on the National Register of Historic Places, including the Main-Broad-Grove Streets Historic District, Cottage Lawn, DeFerriere House, Mount Hope Reservoir, Oneida Armory, Oneida Community Mansion House, and United States Post Office.

Oneida is in northeastern Madison County, bordered to the northeast by Oneida County. New York State Route 5 passes through the city south of its center, leading east into neighboring Oneida Castle and continuing 22 miles (35 km) to Utica; and west into neighboring Wampsville and 27 miles (43 km) to Syracuse. Interstate 90, the New York State Thruway, passes through the northern portion of Oneida but does not have a direct exit to the city: the nearest exits are for Verona to the east and Canastota to the west. New York State Route 46 passes through the center of Oneida, leading north and northeast 18 miles (29 km) to Rome and south 20 miles (32 km) to Hamilton.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 22.1 square miles (57 km²), of which 0.1 square miles (0.26 km²) (0.23%) are covered by water. Oneida Creek forms the northeastern border of the city and the Oneida County line. The creek flows northwest to Oneida Lake, part of the Oswego River watershed leading northwest to Lake Ontario.