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Ototoxicity
Ototoxicity is the property of being toxic to the ear (oto-), specifically the cochlea or auditory nerve and sometimes the vestibular system, for example, as a side effect of a drug. The effects of ototoxicity can be reversible and temporary, or irreversible and permanent. It has been recognized since the 19th century. There are many well-known ototoxic drugs used in clinical situations, and they are prescribed, despite the risk of hearing disorders, for very serious health conditions. Ototoxic drugs include antibiotics (such as gentamicin, streptomycin, tobramycin), loop diuretics (such as furosemide), and platinum-based chemotherapy agents (such as cisplatin and carboplatin). A number of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) have also been shown to be ototoxic. This can result in sensorineural hearing loss, dysequilibrium, or both. Some environmental and occupational chemicals have also been shown to affect the auditory system and interact with noise.
Ototoxicity results in cochlear and/or vestibular dysfunction which can manifest as sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, hyperacusis, dizziness, vertigo, or imbalance. Presentation of symptoms vary in singularity, onset, severity and reversibility.
Ototoxicity-induced hearing loss typically impacts the high frequency range, affecting above 8000 Hz prior to impacting frequencies below. There is not global consensus on measuring severity of ototoxicity-induced hearing loss as there are many criteria available to define and measure ototoxicity-induced hearing loss. Guidelines and criteria differ between children and adults.
There are at least 13 classifications for ototoxicity. Examples of ototoxicity grades for hearing loss are the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), Brock's Hearing Loss Grades, Tune grading system, and Chang grading system.
National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) (as described in the American Academy of Audiology Ototoxicity Monitoring Guidelines from 2009):
Brock's Hearing Loss Grades (as described in the American Academy of Audiology Ototoxicity Monitoring Guidelines from 2009):
Chang grading system (as reported in Ganesan et al., 2018):
Tune grading system (as reported in Ganesan et al., 2018):
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Ototoxicity AI simulator
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Ototoxicity
Ototoxicity is the property of being toxic to the ear (oto-), specifically the cochlea or auditory nerve and sometimes the vestibular system, for example, as a side effect of a drug. The effects of ototoxicity can be reversible and temporary, or irreversible and permanent. It has been recognized since the 19th century. There are many well-known ototoxic drugs used in clinical situations, and they are prescribed, despite the risk of hearing disorders, for very serious health conditions. Ototoxic drugs include antibiotics (such as gentamicin, streptomycin, tobramycin), loop diuretics (such as furosemide), and platinum-based chemotherapy agents (such as cisplatin and carboplatin). A number of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) have also been shown to be ototoxic. This can result in sensorineural hearing loss, dysequilibrium, or both. Some environmental and occupational chemicals have also been shown to affect the auditory system and interact with noise.
Ototoxicity results in cochlear and/or vestibular dysfunction which can manifest as sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, hyperacusis, dizziness, vertigo, or imbalance. Presentation of symptoms vary in singularity, onset, severity and reversibility.
Ototoxicity-induced hearing loss typically impacts the high frequency range, affecting above 8000 Hz prior to impacting frequencies below. There is not global consensus on measuring severity of ototoxicity-induced hearing loss as there are many criteria available to define and measure ototoxicity-induced hearing loss. Guidelines and criteria differ between children and adults.
There are at least 13 classifications for ototoxicity. Examples of ototoxicity grades for hearing loss are the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), Brock's Hearing Loss Grades, Tune grading system, and Chang grading system.
National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) (as described in the American Academy of Audiology Ototoxicity Monitoring Guidelines from 2009):
Brock's Hearing Loss Grades (as described in the American Academy of Audiology Ototoxicity Monitoring Guidelines from 2009):
Chang grading system (as reported in Ganesan et al., 2018):
Tune grading system (as reported in Ganesan et al., 2018):