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Glossary of mammalian dental topography
Many different terms have been proposed for features of the tooth crown in mammals.
The structures within the molars receive different names according to their position and morphology. This nomenclature was developed by Henry Fairfield Osborn in 1907 and is, although with many variations, the one that continues today.
Tooth structures bear suffixes in order to note the type of structure they are and whether they are present in the upper or lower molars.
The positions of tooth features are described along four directions: mesial (forwards, towards the chin), distal (backwards, towards the jaw joint), lingual (inwards, towards the tongue), and buccal or labial (outwards, towards the cheek).
Therians (marsupials and placentals) ancestrally have roughly triangular upper molars, with the apex pointing lingually (inwards) and the flat edge positioned labially (outwards). This fundamental three-pointed structure is sometimes called the trigon. Three major cusps are almost always present:
Other common features include:
Therians ancestrally have lower molars which are longer from front-to-back than from side-to-side. Five to six cusps are most common. The trigonid region at the front part of the molar is triangular, with three large cusps:
The talonid region at the rear part of the molar has two to three relatively small cusps which define the rear rim of a low basin:
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Glossary of mammalian dental topography
Many different terms have been proposed for features of the tooth crown in mammals.
The structures within the molars receive different names according to their position and morphology. This nomenclature was developed by Henry Fairfield Osborn in 1907 and is, although with many variations, the one that continues today.
Tooth structures bear suffixes in order to note the type of structure they are and whether they are present in the upper or lower molars.
The positions of tooth features are described along four directions: mesial (forwards, towards the chin), distal (backwards, towards the jaw joint), lingual (inwards, towards the tongue), and buccal or labial (outwards, towards the cheek).
Therians (marsupials and placentals) ancestrally have roughly triangular upper molars, with the apex pointing lingually (inwards) and the flat edge positioned labially (outwards). This fundamental three-pointed structure is sometimes called the trigon. Three major cusps are almost always present:
Other common features include:
Therians ancestrally have lower molars which are longer from front-to-back than from side-to-side. Five to six cusps are most common. The trigonid region at the front part of the molar is triangular, with three large cusps:
The talonid region at the rear part of the molar has two to three relatively small cusps which define the rear rim of a low basin: